Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
METABOLISM
DISORDERS
OVERVIEW :
Calcium definition and requirement .
Calcium metabolism regulators : VD , PTH and
calcitonin.
Functions of calcium.
CASE !!
WHAT IS CALCIUM ?
Calcium is a mineral that is
essential to bone health,
cardiovascular health, muscle
maintenance, circulatory health, and
blood clotting. Calcium also acts as
an enzyme activator. While calcium
is found in milk and dairy products,
it is also available from other food
sources, such as green leafy
vegetables, seafood (eating salmon
with the bones provides an even
greater dose), almonds, blackstrap
molasses, broccoli, enriched soy and
rice milk products, figs, soybeans
and tofu.
BODY REQUIREMENTS
Age (in years) Calcium Requirement
1–3 500mg
4-8 800mg
9 - 18 1300mg
19 - 50 1000mg
51+ 1500mg
Calcium receptors:
are present in the parathyroid gland, kidney ,
brain and other organs.
VITAMIN D METABOLISM
The active form of vitamin D is 1,25-
dihydroxycholecalcififerol. Its production in the
kidney is catalyzed by 1 a-hydroxylase .
it is an 84-amino-acid hormone.
Secretion:
from the chief cells of the
parathyroid glands.
Function:
increase renal phosphate excretion , and increases plasma
calcium by:
Increasing osteoclastic resorption of bone (occurring
rapidly).
Increasing intestinal absorption of calcium (a slower
response).
Increasing synthesis of 1,25-(OH)2D3 (stimulating GIT
absorption).
Increasing renal tubular reabsorption of calcium
REGULATION OF PTH
Produced by :
thyroid C cell.
Function:
Inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption .
Age
CONT,
Fiber, particularly from wheat bran, could also
prevent calcium absorption because of its content
of phytate
dietary sodium and protein increase calcium
excretion as the amount of their intake is
increased
Caffeine has a small effect on calcium absorption.
It can temporarily increase calcium excretion and
may modestly decrease calcium absorption,
FUNCTIONS
Muscle contraction
Signal transmission
Body structure
DEFICIENCY:
Deficiency of calcium levels in the body may
induce several diseases:
Rickets disease
Adult osteomalacia
osteoporosis
Rickets :
is a softening of bones in children potentially leading to
fractures and deformity. The predominant cause is a
vitamin D deficiency, lack calcium in the diet may also
leads to rickets
Osteomalacia :
is the softening of the bones due to
defective bone mineralization It may
show signs as diffuse body pains, fragility
of the bones. A common cause of the disease is
deficiency in vitamin D, which is normally obtained
from the diet and/or sunlight exposure
Osteoporosis
a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural
deterioration of bone tissue, leading to bone fragility
and an increased risk of fractures of the hip spine, and
wrist, leading to bone fragility. Men as well as women
are affected by osteoporosis. women had high rate to
be affected by osteoporosis
CALCIUM METABOLISM DISORDERS:
Calcium metabolism disorder include:
Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia
hyperparathyrodism
HYPERCALCEMIA
Low PTH
PTH resistance
Vitamin D deficiency,
COMPLICATION