BY Dr. Prabhakara M.C. Assistant Professor Sir. M.V. Govt. Science College Bhadaravathi, KARNATAKA-INDIA Vitamin B12 .
• Vitamin B12 (or B12 for short) is cyanocobalamin.
• There are many derivatives of cobalamins , B12a, B12o, B12r, depending upon the substituent at 6th site on Co(III) ion.
• The term B12 is used to refer to only one of these forms,
cyanocobalamin, which is the principal B12 form used for foods and in nutritional supplements. • Used for treating pernicious anemia. Vit.B12. • A Structure - Corrin Ring system • It contains a corrin ring instead of porphyrin ring. • Corrin ring system differs from porphyrin. • One =CH – linkage between A & D pyrrole rings is missing in corrin. • Only 12 π elctrons • No extensive π elctron delocalization. Substituents on the ring • The substituents are different than those of the porphyrin ring.
• This conversion is important as Succinyl CoA is involved
in biosynthesis of porphyrin for cyt, Hb, Mb etc. • Thus, cobalamin (B12CoA ) deficiency is cause for pernicious anemia. Glutamic acid to methyl aspartic acid
• This conversion glutamic acid to methyl aspartic acid is
an important reaction. Gutamate mutase enzyme needs Vit.B12 coenzyme. • Reaction occurs through 1,2- shift. Vicinal diols to aldehydes
• 3. Conversion of vicinal diols to their corresponding
aldehydes by means of diol -dehydrase reaction Transmethylation
• Transfer of methyl group (transmethylation) in
certain methylation reactions.
• The Co(III) can be alkylated & methylated [Co(III)- CH3] ;
these groups can the be transferred.
• e.g. conversion of homocysteine to methionine,
biosynthesis of choline, thymin etc. Biosynthsis of methionine from homocysteine
The homocysteine transmethylase enzyme is vit.B12
CoA dependant. Other reactions • Other reactions carried out by vitamin B12 are… – Reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxy ribonucleotides.
– Ribonuclotide reductase (RR) catalyses the
conversion of Ribonuclotides to Deoxy ribonuclotides. – This is the First step in DNA synthesis. It needs B12 CoA as cofactor for its activity. Other reactions
– Reduction of disulfide to sulfhydrly group.
– Activation of amino acid for protein biosynthesis.
– Conversion of β methyl aspartic acid to glutamic