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The Burden of Being Obese

What Is A medical condition in which excess body fat accumulates to the
extent that it has a negative effect on health and reduces life
expectancy.

OVERWEIGHT OBESE

Obesit
y? BMI >= 25 BMI >= 30

BMI classifies obesity.

BMI = weight in kilograms = kg
(height in meters)2 m2

Causes
Obesity develops gradually over
time.

Genes Family history

Believed to affect fat Not owing to genetics — family
distribution and storage. members share similar
eating and activity habits.
Unhealthy diet
Fast food, oversized portions, bad Sedentary lifestyle
eating habits Physical inactivity.
(eating between meals, preference
to sweets, refined foods, and fats),
lack of fruits and vegetables. Medicines
Corticosteroids, antidepressants and medicines
Medical conditions used for seizures cause weight gain.
Due to hormonal disturbances such as:
Hypothyroidism Emotional factors
PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) Sadness, boredom, stress or anger
triggers excessive eating.
Lack of sleep
Too much or too less sleep Age
disbalances hormones.
As age increases, reduced muscle mass,
hormonal changes, and an inactive lifestyle
Pregnancy
increase the risk of obesity.
Weight gained by women which
they find difficult to lose.

Signs/Sympto Complicatio
ms
Excess fat around the waist A
higher than normal BMI
ns
Type 2 Diabetes Sleep apnea Hypertension
Coronary heart disease and stroke Asthma
Breathlessness Metabolic syndrome Cancer
Back and joint pains Gallstones
Psychological problems such as Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease
low confidence or self-esteem (GERD) Osteoarthritis
Increased sweating Low back pain Reduced fertility Liver
Snoring Lethargy disease Kidney disease
Inability to cope with sudden
physical activity

Treatment/
Manageme Lifestyle changes:

nt
Healthy eating habits
Physical activity
Behavioral changes

Anti-obesity medications

Weight loss surgeries Vagal

nerve blockade

Assessment of obesity:
BMI
Waist circumference Waist:
Hip ratio (WHR)

Routine evaluation of co-morbidity such

Diabetes Hypertension Dyslipidemia
Heart disease

Tests for obesity-related health

complications
Fasting lipid profile Liver function tests
Thyroid function tests
Fasting glucose and haemoglobin A1c
(HBA1c)

35.70%

6.01%

BM 4.71%

I 10.59%

Grou
ps
42.98%

Obese Moderately Obese Overweight Normal Underweight

4.7%
4.7%
9.7% 6.0% 7.1% 10.8%
12.7% 13.6%
13.3%
22.0% 27.9%
39.6%
36.0% 42.6%
44.5% 44.5%
54.0%
34.9% 42.5%
38.5%
22.7% 36.7%
8.7% 3.9%
2.5% 1.9%
43.2%
42.3%

4.9% 6.4%
Teens Youn Adult Older Seni
Femal Mal below 19 g s ors
years Adult 30-45 Adult 60+
e e s years s years
20-30 45-60
years years

In 2014 more
Obesity
than 1.9 billion adults
> 18 years
41 million children
> 5 years

DOUBLED
were overweight

worldwide
More than 51%* since 1980
INDIANS are overweight
(*India Fit Report 2018)

DELHI (NCR)

HYDERABAD

CHENNAI
BENGALURU
WEI

PUN
GH
OV
ER

MUMB
ST

TS

E KOLKA
AI AHMEDAB
TA
AD

WAIST
SIZE
India’s average waist size is 35.31
BY inches BY
(Male: 35.36 in : Female: 35.12
CITY in) AGE
36.00

35.69
35.45 36.95
36.43
35.43 35.62
34.74
34.35

35.39
35.25

35.10
34.94

Teens Adults Older Seniors

AHMEDABAD BENGALURU CHENNAI DELHI HYDERABAD KOLKATA MUMBAI PUNE
Young
below 19 Adults 30-45 Adults 60+
years 20-30 years 45-60 years
years years

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