COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal May 21,2018

Lab Instructor
Engr. Naveed Gujar

Group Members
ASAD ALI FA 15- BME -006
ZEESHAN ARSHAD FA 15- BME -044
SAFI ULLAH FA 15- BME -080
 Heat Exchanger
A heat exchanger may be defined as equipment which transfers the energy from hot fluid to a cold
fluid with maximum rate, minimum investment and running costs.
Example of heat exchangers
• Intercoolers and preheaters
• Condenser and boiler in steam plant
• Regenerators
• Automobile radiators
• Oil coolers of heat engine
• Milk chiller of a pasteurising plant
Types of Heat exchanger
In order to meet the widely varying applications several types of heat exchanger have been developed which
are classified on the basis of nature of heat exchange process, relative direction of fluid motion, design and
constructional features and physical state of fluid.
Nature of heat exchange process
Heat exchangers on the basis of nature of heat exchange process are classified as follows
1. Direct contact heat exchangers
In a direct contact or open heat exchangers the exchange of heat take place by direct mixing of hot
and cold fluids and transfer of heat and mass take place simultaneously.
Direct contact heat exchangers
1. Cooling Tower
2. Jet condenser
In Direct contact heat exchangers
In this type of heat exchanger the heat transfer between two fluids could be carried out by transmission through wall
which separates the two fluids. This type includes the following.
Regenerators
In a regenerators type of heat exchanger the hot and cold fluids passes alternately through a space containing solid
particles, these particles providing alternately a sink and a source of heat flow.
Recuperators
Recuperator is the most important type of heat exchanger in which the flowing fluids exchanging heat
are on either side of dividing wall. These heat exchangers are used when two fluids cannot be allowed to mix
In Direct contact heat exchangers
1. Automobile Radiator
2. Boiler
Relative direction of fluid motion
Parallel flow
Both the hot and cold fluids enter the heat exchanger at the same end and move in the same
direction
Counter flow
In counter flow, on the other hand, the hot and cold fluids enter the heat exchanger at opposite ends
and flow in opposite directions.
Cross flow
In cross flow heat exchanger the two fluid cross one another in space, usually at right angles
 Relative direction of fluid motion
1. Coolers
2. Condenser
3. Evaporators
Design and constructional features
On the basis of design and constructional features, the heat exchangers are classified as under.
Concentric tubes
In this type two concentric tubes are used each carrying on the fluid. The direction of flow may be
parallel or counter. The effectiveness of the heat exchanger is increased by using swirling flow.
Shell and tube
In this type of heat exchanger one of the fluids flow through the bundles of tubes enclosed by a
shell. The other fluid is forced through the shell and it flows over the outside surface of the tubes
Multiple Shell and tube
Multiple shell and tube passes are used for enhancing the overall heat transfer. Multiple shell pass
is possible where the fluid flowing through the shell is re routed. The shell side fluid is forced to
flow back and forth across the tubes by baffles.
Compact Heat exchanger
There are special purpose heat exchanger and have a very large transfer surface area per unit volume if the
exchanger. They are generally be employed when convective heat transfer coefficient associated with one of the
fluid is much smaller than that associated with other fluid

1. Plate Fins
2. Flattened fin tube exchangers