ENTROPI

NURUL HAYATI BINTI AHMAD

 APA ITU ENTROPI?

• Ordered arrangement of molecules in equilibrium

• Entropy increase with disorder (Semakin tak tersusun, semakin meningkat
entropy.
• Cth: solid is highly ordered arrangement than liquid , So the entropy of solid
is less than liquid.
 Hukum Termodinamik Kedua
• Entropi di dalam sistem yang berasingan (isolated system) tidak akan
berkurang di mana entropi akan kekal malar (reversible process) atau
meningkat (irreversible process).

𝑸
Entropi, S =
𝑻 (𝑲𝒆𝒍𝒗𝒊𝒏)
REVERSIBLE PROCESS (Proses boleh balik)

𝑄𝐻 𝑄𝐿
𝑇𝐻 H L 𝑇𝐿

𝑄
∆𝑆 = ( constant T)
𝑇
𝑄
d S = 𝑇 ( non-constant T)

𝐿 𝐿 𝑑𝑄
∆ 𝑆 = ‫𝐻׬ = 𝑆𝑑 𝐻׬‬ (A system taken reversibly from H to L)
𝑇

∆ 𝑆 = 0 or remain constant
IRREVERSIBLE PROCESS (Proses tidak boleh balik)
Q flow

𝑄𝐻 𝑄𝐿
𝑇𝐻 H L 𝑇𝐿
−100 𝐽 100 𝐽
∆𝑆 = ∆𝑆 =
350 𝐾 200 𝐾
= - 0.286 J/K = 0.50 J/K
∆𝑆<0 ∆𝑆>0

• Heat begins to flow

• As heat leaves, entropy decreases (negative, - )
• As heat transfer, entropy increases (positive, + )
• ∆ 𝑆 > 0 (irreversible process)
∆ 𝑺 = ∆ 𝑺𝑯 + ∆ 𝑺𝑳
Notes: Entropy increases for the phase transition solid to liquid and liquid to gas.
Entropy also increases when there is a rise in temperature of a substance or an
increase in the number of molecules in a chemical reaction.
• For evaporation / melting process:
𝑚𝐿
∆𝑺= , where L is latent heat
𝑇 (𝑘𝑒𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛)
• For heating or cooling process:
𝑇2
∆ 𝑺 = mc In , where c is specific heat capity
𝑇1
Example:
Calculate the change in entropy of 0.05 kg of water at temperature 20 °C when it is
heated until it changes to steam at a temperature of 100 °C. Given the specific heat
capacity of water is 4200 J/ kg K and the latent heat of vapourization of water is
2.26 x 107 J/kg.
Solution:
𝑇2
Change in entropy of water, ∆ 𝑆𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = mc In
𝑇1
373
= (0.05 kg) (4200 J/ kg K ) In ( )
293
= 50.7 J/K
𝐽
0.05 𝑘𝑔 (2.26 𝑥 107 )
𝑘𝑔
Change in entropy of steam, ∆ 𝑆𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 =
373
= 3029.5 J/K
Solution:
The total change in entropy is ∆ 𝑆 = ∆ 𝑆𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 + ∆ 𝑆𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚
= 50.7 J/K + 3029.5 J/K
= 3080.2 J/K