Common Reproductive Issues

THROUGH THE LIFESPAN

 Menstrual disorders

 Amenorrhea
 Dysmenorrhea
 Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
 Premenstrual Syndrome
 Endometriosis
 Infertility
  Absence of menses
Amenorrhea  Can be normal…when?
 Multiple causes
 Primary
 Secondary

 Management
 Depends on cause
 Cyclic progesterone

 Counseling
  Painful menstruation
Dysmenorrhea  Primary

 Secondary

 Therapeutic management
 NSAIDS

 Hormonal contraceptives
 Complementary therapies

 Lifestyle changes
Dysfunctional  Etiology
uterine
bleeding  Multiple causes
 Therapeutic
Any deviation from
normal menstruation or
normal menstrual cycle
management
 Estrogens

 Progestins

 Oral
contraceptives
 NSAIDS
  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
 Constellation of recurrent symptoms
occurring during the luteal phase of the
menstrual cycle
 Premenstrual dysphoric
syndrome (PMDD)
 More severe variant of PMS
Premenstrual
 Therapeutic management
syndrome
 Lifestyle changes

 Vitamin & mineral supplements

 Medications
  Functioning endometrial tissue
Endometriosis found outside the uterine cavity
 Ovaries
 Fallopian tubes
 Outer surface of uterus
 Bowels
 Risk factors
 Therapeutic management
 Medical

 Surgical
Infertility &  The inability to conceive a
Assisted child after 1 year of
Reproductive
Therapies (ART)
unprotected intercourse
 Female risk factors
 Male risk factors

 Therapeutic management
 Fertility drugs
 Artificial insemination
 ART
 GIFT
 ICSI
 Donors
 Surrogacy
Preconception  Goal is to identify and
counseling and
care
modify biomedical,
behavioral and social risks
to pregnancy outcomes
 Folicacid
 Genetic screening

 Hx of STI’s

 Environmental toxins

 Chronic illnesses
  Surgical:
 Vacuum aspiration
Abortion  Dilation and evacuation

 Induction

 Medical
 Methotrexate followed by Misoprostol

 Mifepristone (RU486) followed by

Misoprostol
  The point in time when
menses and fertility ceases
Menopausal  Perimenopause
transition  Menopause

 Therapeutic management
 HT (Hormone therapy)
 Lifestyle changes

 Alternative therapies
Menopausal
symptoms
Risks after menopause

OSTEOPOROSIS
CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASE