SAFETY

IN
TRAIN OPERATIONS.
 SAFETY

In general sense

 The activities, that seek to minimize

or to eliminate hazardous conditions
that can cause bodily injury.

(Oxford Dictionary)
When we are safe!
 Protected from danger or
risk.
 Not leading to harm or

injury
(Encyclopedia Britannica)
TRAIN

“Means an engine with or without

vehicles attached, or any self propelled
vehicle with or without a trailer, which
can not be readily lifted off the track”.
GR 1.02 (58).
TRAIN OPERATION
Running of train, strictly
under laid down procedural
rules & regulations, upon its
dedicated predefined track,
called permanent way.
 MODES OF TRANSPORT

 ABOVE SURFACE---- AIR

 BELOW SURFACE- MARINE/SUB MARINE

 SURFACE- RAIL & ROAD

 HOW DIFFERENT
FROM ROAD TRANSPORT

-Restricted to its path, only.

-Longer braking distance.
-No freedom for changing the track by driver.
-Degree of adherence to punctuality.
-Wider teamwork.
-Larger patronage.
-More exposure to unusual.
-Higher social obligations & national/strategic
importance.
HEALTH OF SAFETY
VIS A VIS TRAFFIC ADVANCEMENT

SPEED & DENSITY-THERAT TO SAFETY! HOW?

SPEED- TRANSIT TIME , TURN ROUND
TRACK CAPACITY. DYING NEED!
 DENSITY- NEED OF PROGRESSION.
UNESCAPABLE!
 SAFETY- WITH SPEED & VOLUME OF
TRAFFIC THROUGH TECHNOLOGY &
HR ADVANCEMENT. OUR GOAL!
 Indian Railway Safety
Versus
Road Safety

Train Road
ACCIDENTS FATALITIES ACCIDENTS FATALITIES
(PER YEAR) (PER YEAR) (PER YEAR) (PER YEAR)

414 384 3,90,00 79,000

0
Source: Handbook of statistics-Ministry of surface transport)
INDIAN RAIL—AN OVERVIEW
 Route kilometerage-63,465 kms

Operating Fleet
Wagons -2,07,719
COACHES -41,255
Locomotives -8153
Block stns. -6853
Work force -14.06 LACS.
LC GATES. -38350(M.16550+UM.21800)
Bridges. -1,27,768
ON DAILY AVG.
WHAT WE DO!
 1.87 Appx. Mil. Ton.. FREIGHT!
 8688 Numbers of---- F/TRAINS!
 16 Mil.NO. Of--- PSNGRS!
 8707 Numbers of--- P/TRAINS
 2 Millions Of---- TRAIN KM.
 THINK FOR!

 IR VIRTUALLY CARRY PASSENGER

VOLUME EQUIVALENT TO POPULATION
OF FOURTY COUNTRIES, ON DAILY
BASIS
 IR TRAINS COVER THE ROUND TRIP
DISTANCE BETWEEN EARTH AND
MOON, FOUR TIMES A DAY
 HOW SAFE IR JOURNEY
VIS.A.VIS. FOREIGN RLYS.!
(No. of accidents per mil.Train KMS.)

 JAPAN RLY. GROUP-- 0.65

 GERMNEY. -- 0.91
 FRANCE. -- 0.84
 ITALY. -- 0.73
 INDIA. -- 0.55
(Source East Japan Rly. Co. Yearbook 2001-2002)
DECEISIVE FACTORS FOR
JOURNEY....

 SPEED
 PUNCTUALITY

 SAFETY

 FARE

 AMMENITIES
FACTOR SCALE OF
INTER POTENTIAL..
 DO ALL ENJOY EQUAL
IMPORTANCE. ?
NO!
 IS ANY OF PRIVELEGED TO HAVE
VETO POWER. ?
YES!!
HOW ? ..LET US SEE !!
 PARADIGM ....
PRFERENTIAL FACTORS

OPTION SPEED PUNCTUALITY FARE AMMENITIES SAFETY

1 100 100 0 100 0

2 50 50 100 50 50
3 100 100 90 100 60

4 90 90 100 90 100

NOTE: ASSUMED VALUES, ON SCALE OF -0 TO 100

CONCLUSIVELY....
SAFETY , IN NORMAL..
IS

SUPREME!!
SAFETY ENDS! ACCIDENTS BEGIN
(Of course for different factors!)
FACTORS OF ACCIDENTS
ON IR. (SINGLE OR MULTIPLE)….
 A WRONG INDICATION, ON THE PART OF ANY ONE OF THE MORE
THAN ONE LAC OF SIGNALS

 A LAPSE, BY ANY OF 6 LAC.FRONT LINE OPT. AND MECH. STAFF.

 AN EQUIPMENT/ASSET FAILURE, OF ANY LOCO WAGON,

COACH,TRACK,SIGNAL ETC. FAILURE.

 AN IMPATIENT OR RASH MOVE, BY ONE OF THE ROAD USERS,

NEGOTIATING ABOUT38000 LC GATES,DAILY.

 AN IRRESPONSIBLE ACT, OF CARRYING INFLAMABLE GOODS BY A

LESS AWAKENED PERSON.

 A SABOTAGE, BY MISGUIDED ELEMENTS ETC.

 A NATURAL CALAMITY, BEYOND HUMANE CONTROLL.

 HAWK VIGIL ...
UPON SAFETY

ON DIFFERANT LEVELS.
FROM >> TOP
TO >> BOTTOM
RAILWAY BOARD LEVEL
 CHAIRMAN
 MEMBER TRAFFIC
 ADVISOR SAFETY
 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR SAFETY
 DIRECTOR
 DEPUTY DIRECTOR
ZONAL LEVEL
 GENERAL MANAGE
 ADDL. GENERAL MANAGER
 CHIEF SAFETY OFFICER
 DEPUTY CHIEF SAFETY OFFICER

 Traffic
 Civil Engineering
 Signal and telecommunications
 Electrical
 Mechanical
DIVISIONAL LEVEL
 DRM
 ADRM

 FOR TRAFFIC SAFETY..

---Sr.DOM/ Sr.DOM(G)/ DOM(G)/ AOM(G)

 FOR GENERAL SAFETY

---Sr.DSO/ ADSO

 Traffic
 Civil Engineering
 Signal and telecommunications
 Electrical
 Mechanical
 Types of accidents
Accidents

Train accidents Indicative accidents

Consequential acc. Other acc.

.Collision .Cattle run over .Breach of
. Derailments .Yard accident block rule
.LC Gate Acc. .Etc. . Averted
.Fire in Train. Collision
.Misc. Acc. . Danger signal

passing
. Equip. Failure
 HOW SAFE
IS

RAIL TRAVEL
 TYPE WISE ACCIDENTS SINCE
Year 2000
Collisi Derail LC
on
Fire
ment gate in
MISC. Total Mil.tr Acc./
ain mil
s m/um trains kms train
kms.
2000-01 20 350 11/73 17 2 473 723.8 0.65

2001-02 30 280 8/80 8 8 414 756.4 0.55

2002-03 16 218 14/82 14 7 351 786.2 0.44
2003-04 09 202 9/86 14 5 325 790.8 0.41
2004-05 13 136 5/65 10 3 232 800. 0.29
2005-06 09 131 10/65 15 4 234 825 0.28
2006-07 08 96 7/77 4 8 195 812 0.24
2007-08 08 100 12/62 5 4 194 N/A N/A
 FATALITIES IN TRAIN
ACCIDENTS.
YEAR KILLE INJU CASUALITY/ COMPENSATIO
D RED MIL.PASSG. N PAID IN
CARRIED LAC.

2001-02 114 595 0.02 482.46

2002-03 157 658 0.03 505.40
2003-04 84 279 0.02 757.07
2004-05 35 86 0.01 513.63
2005-06 168 483 0.03 221.63

2006-07 38 227 0.01 500.98

 CAUSE WISE NO. OF ACC. & NO.
OF FATALITIES. IN % 2006-07

70
60
50
40
% No.
30 % Fatlt.
20
10
0
DRL. COLS. UM/LC M/LC FIRE MISC.
 CAUSES OF
ACCIDENTS- 2006-07

 Rly. Staff failures… 43.81%

 Other than Rly. staff flrs… 43.30%
 Equipment failures…. 04.64%
 Sabotage…. 04.12%
 Incidental Factor…. 03.10%

-1 Acc. combination of factors

-1 ACC Under investigation
 Trend of Train Accidents
since 1960

1393
Avg No of Train
Accidents/year

866
757

464473414
351325
232234195194

Period
1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000-01
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
2006-07 2007-08
 PUBLIC EXPECTATIONS FROM
US!

ACCORDING TO MR. KIM HOWELLS, MINISTER OF TRANSPORT,

UK
THAT “THE RAIL IS PROBABLY THE MOST SAFE FORM OF TRAVEL
THERE IS ANYWHERE, AND YET WE LOOK AT EVERY SINGLE
INCIDENT AS IF IT’S THE END OF THE CIVILIZATION.”

“WHILE ADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF SAFETY, WE MUST NEVER

FORGET THAT WE ARE IN THE BUSINESS OF TRANSPORTATION,
AND THAT IS OUR PRIMARY CONCERN. SHIPS MAY BE SAFEST
AT THE HARBOR BUT THEY ARE MEANT TO BE ON HIGH
SEAS.”
“THE ONLY ABSOLUTELY SAFE TRAIN IS THE ONE THAT SITS AT THE
PLATFORM”
WHITEPAPER ON SAFETY

The white paper on safety upon Indian

Railways presented in parliament in
APRIL2003 ,offered a review of safety
performance of the Indian Railways, in
terms of accidents occurring on the
system during the last 40 years, with a
special reference to the last decade.
CORPORATE SAFETY PLAN
As announced by Hon’ble Prime
Minister on15 August 2003,Indian Railways
will go for Technology Mission on Indian
Railways Safety, in collaboration with
department of science and Technology
(Ministry of Human Resources
Development), IIT/ Kanpur and the
consortium of industries, for developing
appropriate technology to help for achieving
the higher level of safety in train operation.
INDIAN RALWAY CORPORATE
SAFETY PLAN (2003-2013)

envisages

“Accident prevention and

mitigation, directed towards
continuous reduction in risk level to
its customers”
RISK LEVEL

“IT IS A VERY SAFE FORM OF TRAVEL

AND YET WE REGARD IT AS IF IT’S
SOME KIND OF TERRIBLE MONSTER
WAITING TO CHEWUS ALL UP”

Mr. KIM HOWELLS,MINISTER OF

TRANSPORT,UK.
WHAT TO DO WHEN AN ACCIDENT !
 EVERY RAILWAY EMPLOYEE

 Shall report , with as little delay as

possible, every accident occurring in the
course of working of the Railway, which
may come to his notice.
 Such report , shall be made to the
nearest Station Master or, where there
is no SM, to the railway servant in-
charge of the section of the railway on
which the accident has occurred.
 DUTIES OF RLY. OFFICIALS
TRAVELLING ON THE TRAIN
 All the railway official available at the site of accident
should notify there presence to the guard of the train
and then report to the official who is the senior most
among them.
 The senior most official irrespective of his
department, shall take over as the disaster manager
and all the rest of the officials shall work under his
supervision.
 Railway official shall take special note of exact time
of accident along with other important relevant
details.
 Exact time of accident is an important clue in
determining the cause of the accident.
 DUTIES OF FIRST OFFICIAL
REACHING AT SITE

For ascertaining the cause of accident and

evidence following points should be examined
carefully.
 Condition of track.
 Marks on sleepers in rails.
 Position of derailed wagon.
 Condition of rolling stock.
 Position of block instrument, points, signals.
 Continued………..

 Photography/videography of
important clues.
 Preservation of important clues.

 Seizure of concern documents.

 Breath-analyzer report of driver.

 Continued……..

 Rough sketch of site .

 Joint observation/measurements.
 All relevant material/clues/damage and
deficiency in track, loco, wagon etc.
 Preliminary statement of concerned
staff.
 Statements of passengers/non railway
person.
PRIMAFACIE CAUSE
 Supposed to be given by senior most
railway official at site.
 All clues to be taken into account.
 Concern branch officer to be taken into
confidence.
 Wherever no clue is evident , prima-
facie may be kept under investigation.
 RESTORATION
Expeditious restoration of
through traffic should be
planned and organized
simultaneously.
 DISATER MANAGER
Disaster manager should form the team
of available officials, in , at least three
or four groups who should mange the
following functions simultaneously so as
to avoid confusion and to take relief
and rescue measures in orderly fashion.
 GROUP- I

 Protection of traffic by Flasher

light on the loco , fusee / LED
blinking HS lamp , Red hand signal
or flag and detonators as per GR
3.62.
 Salvaging physical evidences,
ascertaining prima-facie cause.
 Recording joint observation and
preliminary statements.
 GROUP- II
 Taking care of injured
passengers and dead bodies.
 Arranging drinking water and
eatables to the effected
passengers.
 GROUP-III

 Attending to the remaining

passengers of the involved train (s)
and arrange their expeditious
clearance from the site.
 Securing security of police and RPF
for cordoning of the site to prevent
local public from interference with
relief and rescue work and from
possible obliterating/disturbing the
evidence at site.
 GROUP- IV

 Ensure timely ordering ,moving and reaching

at site of the accident relief medical van,
accident relief train/s , relief trains for
evacuation/transshipment of passengers.
 Managing the movement at site and advance
planning for restoration of through traffic.
 IN CASE OF SABOTAGE

 Nothing should be disturbed at the site

till permitted by police after completing
their PANCHNAMA, except for rescuing
the injured/trapped persons.
 The joint observations and the sketch
should also be signed by the senior
police official present at the site.
CARE AND COMPASSION
 Doctors’ help for medical assistance/ first aid.
 TTEs’ help for ascertaining identity by
reservation charts of injured/dead persons .
 Drinking water and eatables should be
arranged for effected passengers at site and
at stations train regulated ,both.
 Compassion and care should be shown in
assisting the passengers
Our goal is to give a secured and enjoyable
journey to….
one and all……….
 ALL & ONE
ENSURE … SAFE RUN!
THANK YOU