The Tudor Dynasty

1485
-
1603
 War of the Roses
 English Civil War to determine who would
take the throne

 House of York
 House of Lancaster
 War lasted from 1453 - 1487
 Henry of Lancaster led his house to victory
 War of the Roses
 Henry Tudor became Henry VII of England
 He married the daughter of the dead leader
of the house of York, uniting the two houses

 The TUDOR Dynasty had begun

TUDOR RULERS

• Henry VII
Henry VIII
•Henry VIII
TUDOR RULERS

• Henry VII Young

Henry
•Henry VIII Baby
Henry
WIFE #1 – CATHERINE OF ARAGON

 The Beginning:
 Henry VIII was given permission
from the Pope to marry his
brother’s widow
WIFE #1 – CATHERINE OF ARAGON
 The Problem:
 Catherine failed to produce a male heir –
she only had one surviving child – Mary
 Henry wanted a divorce, but Pope
Clement VII wouldn’t invalidate the
marriage
 Henry tried to get Church to do what he
wanted, and appointed Sir Thomas More
as English Cardinal
 The Result: DIVORCE
 More wouldn’t support the divorce
 Henry proceeded to dissolve his ties
to the Pope
 ENGLISH REFORMATION – Henry
VIII took control of the English clergy
and had himself appointed the head
of the Church of England
 He divorced Catherine and married
his lover Anne Boleyn
WIFE #2 – ANNE BOLEYN

 The Beginning: he began an

affair with Anne Boleyn while
still married to his first wife
WIFE #2 – ANNE BOLEYN

 The Problem: Only had 1 surviving

child – a daughter, Elizabeth
 Henry upset at not having a son,
accused Anne of incest and adultery
WIFE #2 – ANNE BOLEYN

 The Result: BEHEADED

 Anne was brought to the Tower of
London and EXECUTED
WIFE #2 – ANNE BOLEYN

 Legend had it she had a sixth finger

and a large mole or goiter on her neck
 Anne’s sister Mary had been one of
Henry’s earlier mistresses (the movie
The Other Boleyn Girl)
 Just prior to her execution, Anne’s
marriage to Henry was dissolved and
considered invalid
WIFE #3 – Jane Seymour

 The Beginning:
 First came to the court in the service of
Queen Catherine; later she waited on
Queen Anne Boleyn
 Henry felt she was his first
“true wife”
WIFE #3 – Jane Seymour

 The Problem:
 Complications in childbirth
WIFE #3 – Jane Seymour

 The Result: DIED

 She died 2 weeks after giving birth to
Henry’s only legitimate son – Edward
 She is the only one of the 6 wives buried
with him.
BRIEF RECAP:
WHO ARE THE 3 LEGITIMATE CHILDREN OF
HENRY VIII?

 MARY (mom divorced)

 ELIZABETH (mom beheaded)
 EDWARD (mom died)
WIFE #4 – ANNE OF CLEVES

 The Beginning:
 Henry was single for 2 years after Jane died
 Henry wanted a marriage for political reasons,
to form an Alliance between the new English
Protestants and German Protestants
 He hired a painter to find him a potential ally
and paint the women who could make it
possible – the painter chose Anne of Cleves,
from Germany
 WIFE #4 – ANNE OF CLEVES

 The Problem:
 Once Henry VIII saw her in person, he found
her extremely unattractive
 He went through with the marriage because of
political reasons, but he never was attracted
to her or loved her
 The painting by Hans
Holbein the Younger. It was
on the basis of this portrait
that Henry VIII chose her to be
his fourth queen.

Recent x-rays of this painting of

Anne of Cleves have revealed a
longer nose under the top layer of
paint. It was painted by Barthel
Bruyn the Elder of Germany.
 WIFE #4 – ANNE OF CLEVES

 The Result: DIVORCED

 He could not stand being married to her, and
though it cost him politically, he soon divorced
her
WIFE #5 – CATHRYN HOWARD

 The Beginning:
 She was a cousin of Anne Boleyn (wife #2)
 Married her only 16 days after his divorce to
Anne – he was 49, she was 19
 WIFE #5 – CATHRYN HOWARD
WIFE #5 – CATHRYN HOW
 The Problem:
 He was gaining a lot of weight and had an
ulcerated leg – it was hard for him to walk and he
was becoming morbidly obese
 He called her his “rose without a thorn”
 She began having multiple affairs within the
castle
WIFE #5 – CATHRYN HOWARD
 The Result: BEHEADED
 She was executed on charges of adultery

There has never been a confirmed

portrait of Cathryn Howard. However,
experts believe this may be her due to
the necklace she is wearing. The
necklace is positively identified as a
Crown Jewel of the Queen, and the
portrait was done after Anne of Cleves
but before Kathryn Parr.
 WIFE #6 – Katherine Parr

 Widowed twice before marrying Henry

 Became a stabilizing mother figure in home – to
Mary, Elizabeth, and Edward
 Persuaded Henry to bring the daughters back to
the castle and reinstate them as his legitimate
children
 She outlived Henry, who died
January 28, 1547
 It is said by many that this was
the only wife he truly loved
 To recap…
the wives of Henry VIII

1. CATHERINE OF ARAGON
2. ANNE BOLEYN
3. JANE SEYMOUR
4. ANNE OF CLEVES
5. CATHRYN HOWARD
6. KATHERINE PARR
 King Edward VI

TUDOR RULERS

• Henry VII

• Henry VIII

•Edward VI  Crowned at the age of nine

 Had a good relationship with his sisters
 He died at the age of 15 from fever &
cough
  “Bloody Mary” – when she took the throne,
she returned Catholicism to England,
executing anyone involved in the
Protestant Reformation
TUDOR RULERS
 She imprisoned Elizabeth, her sister, in
• Henry VII the Tower of London when Elizabeth was
21
• Henry VIII
 However, Mary wed Phillip of Spain, and
shortly afterwards became pregnant
• Edward VI

•Mary I
Queen Mary I
  Since she was pregnant with
an heir to the throne, she no
longer saw Elizabeth as a
TUDOR RULERS threat, and released her

• Henry VII  Her belly continued to swell,

but there was no baby
• Henry VIII
 Mary died from what is now
• Edward VI believed to be a large tumor in
her stomach
•Mary I

Queen Mary I
  Queen Elizabeth I took the throne
 Considered the best ruler in the
TUDOR RULERS history of all of England
• Henry VII  Restored Protestantism, but ruled
with tolerance
• Henry VIII
 Defeat of the Spanish Armada
• Edward VI
 Huge patron of the arts
• Mary I

•Elizabeth I

Elizabeth I
TUDOR RULERS
 Elizabeth died in 1603 at the age of
seventy
• Henry VII
 She had ruled England for 45 years
• Henry VIII  She had no heir to the throne, so
the crown passed to King James of
• Edward VI
Scotland
• Mary I  He ruled well, continuing her love
and patronage of the arts
• Elizabeth I
~~~~~~~~~~~~~  He also supported religious freedom

•James I for the common man

not Tudor –
King of Scotland
TUDOR RULERS

• Henry VII

• Henry VIII

• Edward VI

• Mary I

• Elizabeth I
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

•James I King James

not Tudor –
King of Scotland