GAMMA RAY
Vandana A. 20171PET0071
Risabh Raj 21071PET0078
Utkarsha Kakoty 20171PET0099
INTRODUCTION
The gamma ray log measures
natural gamma ray emissions
from formations. Since gamma
ray can pass through casings, the
measurements can be made in
both open and cased holes.
ORIGIN OF
NATURAL
GAMMA RAY
Gamma rays originate from
three sources of nature: the
radioactive elements
in uranium and thorium groups
and potassium. Each type of
decay is characterized by
gamma ray of specific energy
This is an important concept for
gamma Ray spectroscopy.
TOOL PRINCIPLE
Measures Natural Radioactive
disintegration of Potasium,Uranium RAY LOGS
and Thorium.
TOOL
Subhrojit Mukherjee 20171PET94
Tantusree Bera 20171PET98
Rahul Chandran 20171PET0074
TOOL DESCRIPION shale volume.
GAMMA RAY INDEX=
This tool uses scintillating (Grlog-Grmin)/(Grmax-Grmin)
detectors containing
Sodium iodide crystal doped with
thalium. When gamma
Ray strikes the detector it
produces light, which strikes the
Photocathode thereby producing
bundle of electrons. These
eletrons then strikes dinodes
producing multiple number
of electrons.
GAMMA RAY
SPECTROSCOPY
The radioactive elements emit
gamma
This process is repeated until a rays of different energies. From
final electrode conducts the pulse
a small current to give a voltage amplitude of detector, it is
pulse, which signals gamma ray possible to break
has struck. down total GR log into
uranium,thorium
LIMITATIONS OF and potassium components.
GAMMA RAY
MAIN ADVANTAGES
Gamma ray logs are subject to 1. Correlation
number of perturbing effects like: 2. Evaluation of shale content
1. Eccentricity of formation.
2. Hole size 3. Mineral analysis
3. Mud weight 4. Distinguish shales from
4. Casing size and weight carbonates.
5. Cement thickness 5. If gamma spectroscopy
ESTIMATING SHALE detects uranium content,
CONTNT FROM GAMMA 6. It is associated with high
organic carbon
Gamma ray deflection measures