DNA and RNA

Boima Situmeang,M.Si
 DNA and RNA

DNA stands for: RNA stands for:

D: Deoxyribose R: Ribo
N: Nucleic N: Nucleic
A: Acid A: Acid

Every living thing has DNA. That means that you have
something in common with a zebra, a tree, a mushroom
and a beetle!
DNA seperti sidik jari, karena setiap manusia memiliki
sidik jari yang berbeda dan begitu juga dengan DNA
 NUCLEIC ACIDS
• Nucleic acids are polymers
• Monomer---nucleotides
– Nitrogenous bases
• Purines

}
• Pyrimidines
– Sugar
• Ribose Nucleosides
• Deoxyribose

– Phosphates
• +nucleoside=nucleotide
The Sugars
 Bases of DNA (and RNA)

Purines:

Pyrimidines:

RNA only DNA only

Nucleotides and Nucleosides
 Chemical Structure of DNA and RNA

Figure 4.1

The C is
named 1’-5’
4’ 1’
2’

Nucleotide
Nucleoside

RNA DNA
Resume
 Nucleotides and Nucleosides
BASE NUCLEOSIDE DEOXYNUCLEOSIDE

Adenine Adenosine 2-deoxyadenosine

Guanine Guanosine 2-deoxyguanosine

Cytosine Cytodine 2-deoxycytodine

Uracil Uridine Not usually found

Thymine Not usually found 2-deoxythymidine

Nucleotides are nucleosides + phosphate

 Different between DNA and RNA

Double Helix (RNA) – Single Stranded

Deoxyribose Sugar Ribose Sugar
DNA --- A-T
RNA ---A-U
 RNA

• What is the Main Job of RNA?

• It retrieves the protein code from DNA and carry
out the processes needed to produce proteins.
• What are the basic units or monomers of DNA?
• Nucleotides
• Where is RNA found?
• It is found both inside and outside of the nucleus.
 We are ALL a little bit different!

Miss Ellis’ DNA

BIG

LITTLE

Sara’s DNA
 Soooo….
How do we tell people apart just
by their DNA anyways???
 Our DNA has different sizes of pieces so it
makes a different pattern when it’s all cut up.

Miss Ellis’ DNA Sara’s DNA

 Can you guess which one is Sara and
which one is Miss Ellis?
Miss Ellis Sara
?

Is the red box

around Miss
Ellis’ DNA or
around Sara’s
DNA?
Now let’s solve a mystery
using DNA clues!

(Just like they do on CSI!!!)

Bagaimana DNA mampu memecahkan
sebuah kasus?
Miss Maize was returning from a shopping
trip to the market, arms filled with
groceries when a young man stopped her
to ask for directions. She put down her
groceries and was helping the man when
another person snatched her bags from
right beside her. She didn’t see the person’s
face but managed to grab hold of his arm
for a second and scratched his skin.
 Practice

• On your paper, complete the missing DNA strand

by adding the complementary bases.
• ATCGTTGCCATC
• TAGCAACGGTAG

• Make the complementary RNA strand for the

single strand of DNA below:
• AATCATCACGTT
• UUAGUAGUGCAA