Structural Lightweight

Concrete
Summary

• Partial replacement of fine aggregates

• Lightweight aggregates
• Fiberglass and Copper Slag
• Low concrete unit weight
• Meet the traditional concrete strength
• Compare lightweight concrete to traditional concrete
• Testing for tensile and compressive strength
• Applicable for structural purposes
Importance

• Reduce dead load on the building

• Smaller members (Ex. high rise building)
• Reduce overall costs
• Improve structural performance
• Longer life span of structure
• Improve fire resistance Pantheon – 2000 years.
Lightweight Concrete Building
• Improve thermal insulation
• Reduce transportation and placement costs
Lightweight
Concrete
Bridge
Procedure

• Standard practice for selecting proportions (ACI 211.1-91)

• Obtain materials
• 4 sets of 6 cylindrical specimens
• 24 concrete cylinders
• 1st set: Traditional concrete mixture
• 2nd set: Replace 50% fine aggregate with Copper Slag
mixture
• 3nd set: Replace 50% fine aggregate with Fiberglass mixture
• 4th set: Replace 50% fine aggregate with both Copper Slag
& Fiberglass
• Testing days: 14, 21, 28 (Compression & Tension)
Experiment

• Follow ASTM standards for the concrete mixing

procedures
• Perform the slump test
• Strip cylinders from the molds after 24 hours
• Cure concrete cylinders by immersion in water
• Measure the weight
• Sulfur capping
• Test on Days 14, 21, 28
• Test compression strength on 12 cylinders
• Test tensile strength on 12 cylinders
Results

• Traditional concrete surpassed 30 Compressive Test - Day 28

MPa @ 28 days mark 35
• Concrete mixture with Copper Slag 30
had comparable results to
traditional concrete 25

STRESS [MPa]
• Concrete mixture with Fiberglass 20
had a decrease in both weight and 15
strength
10
• Concrete mixture with both Copper
Slag and Fiberglass had 5
comparable strength to traditional 0
concrete 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02
STRAIN

Fiber Copper Standard Fiber/Copper

Results

• Concrete mixture with Fiberglass & Tensile Test - Day 28

Copper Slag surpassed the strength 3.5
of traditional concrete 3

• All mixtures had comparable strength 2.5

except Fiberglass

STRESS [MPa]
2

• Ductile & Brittle 1.5

0.5

0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014
STRAIN

Fiber Copper Standard Fiber/Copper

Recommendations

• Increase number of concrete cylinders for all testing

days
• Replace fine aggregates by 25-40% of copper slag to
reduce the weight of the concrete cylinder
• Reduce amount of Fiberglass in fine aggregates
(sand) up to 40%
• Replace fine aggregates with recycled bottle wastes
• Replace fine aggregates with Silica fume
References

• http://study.com/academy/lesson/finding-the-area-of-a-cylinder-formula-example.html [cylinder]
• http://romeonsegway.com/wp-content/plugins/widgetkit/cache/gallery/738/Pantheon-day-rome-on-
segway-26234d1acc.jpg [Pantheon]
• http://carolynsmith.websitehabitat.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2013/10/should-you-leave.jpg
• http://www.magicreteaac.com/aac-blocks.html
• http://www.hpcbridgeviews.org/images/Benicia-Martinez%20Photo1.jpg
• http://www.lmj-a.com/P1010361.JPG
• http://img.frbiz.com/pic/z1d321e1-0x0-
0/strong_style_color_b82220_silica_strong_fume_microsilica.jpg
• http://www.hiwtc.com/photo/products/11/00/01/105.jpg
References

• http://www.tgrmcc.com/product-details.php?pid=236
• http://www.poraver.com/wp-content/uploads/Leichtbeton_Poraver02.jpg
• http://www.stalite.com/uploads/EngineeringProperties.pdf
• https://core.ac.uk/download/files/434/18264203.pdf
• http://esatjournals.net/ijret/2015v04/i13/IJRET20150413027.pdf