Uphill braking system

for an automobile during hilly

ride
Presented by:
KRISHNA NALAGI
Department of Mechanical
Engineering.
BEC Bagalkot
Contents

1) Introduction

2) Requirements of brakes

3) Literature survey

4) Working principle

5) Need for locking chamber

6) Design analysis

7) Advantages

8) Scope and applications

References
Introduction

A brake is a mechanical device that is used to slow down or stop the

moving vehicle. Most brakes commonly use friction between two
surfaces pressed together to convert the kinetic energy of the moving
object into heat. brakes are generally applied to rotating axles or wheels.
Mechanical braking system uses two types of Brakes-
1. Drum brakes
2. Disc Brakes
Drum brakes are more widely used.
Requirements of Brakes
 The brake should be strong enough to stop a vehicle safety a minimum
distance in an emergency.

 Brakes should have good anti-fade characteristic, i.e., Their effectiveness

should not decrease with constant prolonged application eg: While
descending hills.

 They should dissipate the absorbed heat as early as possible.

Literature survey

 V. Milanés et al. (2010)

1. The design and implementation of an electro-hydraulic braking
system consisting of a pump and various valves, allowing the control
computer to stop the car.
2. It is assembled in conjunction with the original circuit for the sake of
robustness and to permit the two systems to halt the car
independently the objectives in providing comfortable and safe
braking.
• Won Sun Chung et al. (2012)
1. presented a systematic process for the design of hydraulic brake
systems of automotives and for the one-way estimation of hot
judder characteristics.
2. This study presents a systematic process that can verify the
variation of the hot judder characteristics of the ventilated disc
when the design parameters of the hydraulic brake system
components are changed.
CONTINUED…..

 Akshyakumar S. Puttewa et al. (2014)

1. In this research work, with a view to enhance to the braking system
in automobile, a prototype model is fabricated and analyzed. It is
apparent that the electromagnetic brake is an essential complement
to the safe braking of heavy vehicles.

1. It aims to minimize the brake failure to avoid the road accidents. It

also reduces the maintenance of braking system. An advantage of this
system is that it can be used on any vehicle with minor modifications
to the transmission and electrical systems.
Working Principle

When you stop on a hill, you fully depress the clutch pedal and
brake pedal. As long as you keep the clutch fully depressed, a link
mechanism works the locking chamber, braking force is retained
by this system and you can remove your right foot from the brake
pedal without fear of the vehicle rolling backward. When it’s time
to go, your right foot will be free to depress the accelerator pedal
as you pull away. As you gradually press the accelerator pedal, the
brakes releases automatically.
The Need for the Locking Chamber

 Ballvalve or any other valve available in the market is

normally blocking the way and not taking care of the
back release or back escaping of the fluid.
 In this brake locking, since the fluid is very volatile
and due to the surface finish and the rotary action
and the back release type of design it will release the
pressure in the brake drum due to which the braking
is released slightly.
Locking Chamber

All dimensions are in mm

Design Analysis

The analysis of design is based on taking the pressure of fluid in lines as

12.24Kg/cm2

Housing:-
Inner diameter d=4mm
Thickness t=3mm
Internal pressure p=68.97 N/mm2
Hoop Stress induced =p*d/2*t
=68.97*4/2*3
=45.98 N/mm2
Hoop stress for Mild steel Material=0.8 * yield stress
=0.8 * 220
=176 N/mm2
Hence housing can with stand the fluid pressure and hence housing is safe.
Master cylinder

Diameter of the master cylinder=2.5 cm.

Area of master cylinder=3.143/4*(2.5)2=4.9cm2
Pressure arm of brake pedal= 30cm.
Force arm of brake pedal =10cm.
Assuming pressure applied on brake pedal =20kg.
Pressure arm x pressure =force arm x force.
20x 30 =10 x force.
Force = 20(30/10) = 60kg.

Pressure in the master cylinder

Fluid pressure = force/area = 60/4.9 = 12.24 kg/cm2
Advantages
 Very helpful for the drivers to have full control of the uphill drive.

 Easy for maintenance and simple.

 It can be used as an anti-theft safety device.

 This device can be used as a parallel substitute to the parking brake.

 The device finds useful to learners while having to start the vehicle is
on a slope.

 Due to absence of joints compared to mechanical brakes, rate of

wear is also less.

 The system is self-lubricated.

 It is quick in operation and reliable.

Scope and Applications

 This device can be fitted into all hydraulically operated brake system.

 At traffic junctions instead of the drive holding the brake, he can just lock the

brakes and stay away from strain.

 This device can be used as a parallel substitute to the parking brake.

 This device finds its application when the vehicle has to be stopped on

gradients.

 This device acts an anti-theft (safety) device.

 The device finds useful to learners while having to start the vehicle is on a

slope.
Braking System
References
 V. Milanés, C. González, J. E. Naranjo, E. Onieva And T. De Pedro,
“Electro-Hydraulic Braking System For Autonomous Vehicles”
International Journal of Automotive TechnologyVol. 11, No. 1, pp.
89−95 (2010).
 W. S. Chung, H. S. Song, D. H. Jung and T. W. Park(2012),
“Development Of A Systematic Process For Hydraulic Brake System
Design And For Hot Judder Characteristic Estimation” Journal of
Mechanical Science and Technology 26 (12) (2012) 3893~3901.
 R. Anbalagan . R, J. Jancirani , N.Venkateshwaran(2013) ‘‘Design
and Modification of vacuum braking system” International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 Vol.
3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.907-916
 R. Moseley, M. Tan(2013) ”Hydraulic Brake Model” Worcester
Polytechnic Institute.
 A.S. Puttewar, N. U. Kakde, H. A. Fidvi, B. Nandeshwar(2014)
”Enhancement of Braking System in Automobile Using Electromagnetic
Braking ” IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-
JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X PP 54-59.
THANK YOU