KOLKATA POLICE TRAINING ACADEMY

KAMARDANGA, HOWRAH, WEST BENGAL

PREPARED BY:
AVISHEK PARBAT, SHREYA BAG KIIT UNIVERSITY
RAJARSHI PATTY, ARIJIT SAHA CIVIL ENGINEERING
SWARUP BAG ,PIJUSH BISWAS, 2ND , YEAR
SK IBRAHIM, PRAGATI PAUL 1
 INDEX
SL. NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.
1. Acknowledgement 3
2. About MBL 4
3. Salient Features of The Project 8-20
4. Survey Layout 21-22
5. Materials used 23-28
6. Plant & Machinery 29-32
7. Execution 33-61
8. Implementation 62-71
9. Safety Aspects 72-73
10. Some Snapshots of site 74-75
11. Conclusion 76

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We, Avishek Parbat, Swarup Bag, Sk. Ibrahim, Shreya Bag,
Pijush Biswas, Rajarshi Paty, Arijit Saha & Pragati Paul are
gratified to be a part of this vocational training programme for
our summer vacations under the expert guidance of
Mackintosh Burn Limited(MBL) at their proposed site at
Kamardanga, Howrah, West Bengal. We are obliged to Mr.
Uttam Kr. Bag( Deputy Project Manager) for giving us this
great opportunity of being a part of this. Special thanks to
Mr. Satyajit Chakraborty( Assistant Engineer, Civil) & Mr.
Argha Rai( Assistant Engineer, Civil) whom we used to
report all our happenings. We are also gratified to Mr.
Arijit Das( Site Engineer). under whose expert guidance we
were put at the site. We thank Mr. Arpan Kr. Dutta(
Assistant Engineer, Electrical) for his confer. Thanks to
the those people with whom we communicated during our
stay whose names we are not able to mention here.
3
MACKINTOSH BURN LIMITED, a contractor of
numerous architectural marvels and structural
masterpieces, whose journey in Building a New
Heritage began in the 19th century and continues till
today. The emergence of Mackintosh Burn Limited is
integrally weaved with the history of Kolkata. Founded
in 1834 by Mr. James Mackintosh, Mackintosh Burn
Limited is an architectural, engineering and construction
company. It is a reputed name in the construction sector
of the country especially in the Eastern part of India. For
the last two centuries, the Company with its
commitment and conviction for quest of excellence in
architecture and civil construction has continued to add
jewels to its crown of creations. Keeping abreast of
development and trends in design, architecture and
construction techniques, a dedicated team of engineers,
technicians and workers at all levels, continues to work
hard to meet the emerging challenges and ensure fullest
satisfaction of the clients, without compromising quality.
The Company is having other divisions namely Ready
Mix Concrete Division, Workshop Division,
Sophisticated & Modern Laboratory, Surveying, 4
Supervision and Consultancy Works.
BUILDING
#Const. of AVISHI TRIDENT TOWER, at B.T. Road.
#Const. of School Of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata.
#Balance Work Of Mohanpur Govt. College, at Mohanpur,
Paschim Medinipur, etc.
COMMERCIAL BUILDING
#Avani Riverside Mall.
#Bidyut Bhavan, Salt Lake.
#Grand Hotel, etc.
EDUCATION INSTITUTION
#Central Library, Salt Lake.
#St. Xavier’s College, Kolkata
#National Library, etc. Bidyut Bhavan, Salt Lake

5
SPORTS & ENTERTAINMENT
#Bengal Club.
#Royal Calcutta Golf Club.
#Royal Calcutta Turf Club, etc.
RELIGIOUS
#Dakshineswar Temple.
#Nakhoda Mosque.
#St. Paul’s Cathedral, etc.
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
#Genexx Valley, Joka. Dakshineswar temple
#Calcutta Medical College & Hospital,
College Street, etc.
BRIDGE & FLYOVER
#Bridge over River Ajoy at Vedia
#Bridge over River Kaljani, etc.
INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE
#Alkali Chemical, Rishra.
#Hindustan Copper Corp. Ghatshila, etc. Calcutta turf club

6
BITUMINOUS ROADS & HIGHWAY
#Strengthening & Widening NH-31C.
#Strengthening & Widening NH-34, NH-41, etc.

Genexx valley, Joka Bridge over river Ajoy

7
 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT
SITE ADDRESS: Kamardanga, Howrah, West Bengal.

AREA OF THE SITE: 104539.400 sq. m

PURPOSE OF SITE: The objective of this Site is construction

of KOLKATA POLICE TRAINING ACADEMY. West Bengal Govt.
decided its construction for the betterment of newly recruited
police trainees, so that they can be more enhanced.
HEIGHT OF BLOCKS: Similar to the height of the trees at site.

8
Consultant : Structure
S.P.A. Consultant
34, Ram Mohan Dutta Road, Kolkata-700020.
Consultant : Electrical
SAENT INDIA Engineering Consultant Pvt. Ltd.
47, Lans Downe Terrace, Kolkata- 700026.
Consultant : P H E
UECPL ( Unique Engg. Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.)
12,Russia Road(East), 2nd Lane(1st floor), Kol-33.
Consultant : Architecture, Interiors, Landscape
Salient (studio for architecture landscape interiors & enterprise Pvt. Ltd.)
D-405 City Centre Sector-1, DC Block, Salt lake, Kolkata-64.

Client : KOLKATA POLICE HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE

DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION LTD.
112 Ripon Street, Kolkata- 700016.

9
 FACILITIES OF
TRASPORT

One can avail this place by

means of-
 Train(-> stop at Dasnagar
station ->15 mins. walking
from there or stop at
Howrah).
 Bus (-> From Howrah to
Kamardanga ->
Crossing the rail line -> 15
mins. walking).
 E-Rickshaw up to
Kamardanga from Howrah
Maidan.
Site location
 Private cars.

10
>Quarter Guard
>Barracks (Female)
>Administrative Block
>Guest Block
>Auditorium
>Officers Twin Sharing Unit
>Academic Block + Library
>Support Staff Quarters
>Indoor Shooting Range
>Inspector’s Apartment
>Recreation & Health Block
>Sergeant & Head Constables
>Crime Scene Hall + Sand Model
Apartment
Room
>Officers Club + Tennis Court
>Model Police Station
>Commissioner's Bungalow
>Pavilion
>Principal’s Bungalow
>Stadium( Gallery-1, Football Field -1,
>Swimming Pool
Athletic Track, Track)
>Peace Monument( Naman Sthal)
>Basketball Court + Volleyball Court
>Services
>Parade Ground
>D.G.
>Football Field -2
>Pond
>Hospital
>Dhobi Ghat
>Barracks (Boys)
11
MASTER PLAN

IN 2-D

12
IIN 3-D

13
Different views of some buildings

14
COST ESTIMATION
TOTAL COST ESTIMATION
RS. 62,49,31,360.57

CIVIL WORK
RS. 45,78,90,396.66

ROAD WORK & DEVELOPMENT

RS. 9,64,31,360.57

ELECTRIC WORK
RS.4,03,95,755.65

PHE WORK
(Public Heath
Engg.)
RS.3,02,36,503.70

15
 COST GRAPH
700,000,000.00
600,000,000.00
500,000,000.00
400,000,000.00
RS.
300,000,000.00
Column1
200,000,000.00 Column2
100,000,000.00
0.00

16
 PLANNING DEPARTMENT
PROJECT MANAGEMENT : Project Management is the Process of
planning, organizing, and managing resources to meet project goals
and objectives.
Initiation : Define Project - Organization commitment -
Team Development.
Planning : Get project information from the former stage - Schedule,
Resource and estimate the cost.
Develop a Strategy of Execution in order to meet Project
Objectives.
Execution : Execute the set target.
Recording the Progress & Analysing the Performance

It is a Process of achieving set goals within the constraints of time,

Budget and staffing restrictions.

17
PROJECT MANAGEMENT LIFECYCLE :
IMPORTANT RULES OF PLANNING:
Dealing with the client ,vender , & other 3rd party agencies about the
progress of the project & documenting total input and output regarding
this project.
Correspondence.
Managing the client contract & implementing it.
Management reports ( weekly\monthly\daily progress report ) Of
financial & physical progress is done by the planning department.
Processing of bills & measurements are done.
It maintains link between all departments ( design , store , quality
,safety ,execution , P&M ) & every department has to report to the
planning department.
PLANNING DEPARTMENT is the nodal & central point of the project.
All information & reports pass through the planning department before
being forwarded.
ONE of the most important role of planning department is to make
Sequential and Parallel Activities. An essential concept behind project
planning (and Critical Path Analysis) is that some activities are dependent
on other activities being completed first. As a shallow example, it is not a
good idea to start building this project before have designed it! These
dependent activities need to be completed in a sequence, with each
stage being more-or-less completed before the next activity can begin.
We can call dependent activities "sequential" or "linear." 18
GANTT CHART: An action plan/Gantt chart is a graphic
representation of a project’s schedule, showing the sequence of tasks,
which tasks can be performed simultaneously, and the most critical
tasks to monitor. They allow you to assess how long a project should
take, determine the resources needed, and lay out the order in which
tasks need to be carried out. The plan/chart can be used for an entire
project or for a key phase of a project.

PROCUREMENT PLAN
Procurement of rebar as per specification.
Procurement as per the Latest drawing and to match with the
construction schedule.
Confirmation on correct receipt of materials.

EXECUTION PLAN
Shifting of required quantum of materials from steel yard through gate
pass
Restriction of issue of scraps from steel yard through indent
Educating workmen through pep talks and close interaction to create
awareness
Cutting plan as per BBS.
19
RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Resource section of the project is the nodal point between the
Planning department as well as the Execution team. It is responsible
for Man, Material & Machine at site. Unless it mobilizes all of the
above 3, it is quite difficult for the execution team to progress. Also if
it doesn’t give the necessary feedback to the planning department,
the future planning of the project cannot be done and also the
present status of the work cannot be charted.

20
 SURVEY & LAYOUT
Surveying is art of determining the relative positions of different objects
on the surface of the earth by measuring the horizontal distances between
them, and by preparing a map to any suitable scale.
□Engineering surveying is mainly a general term that covers any survey
work carried out in connection with the construction of an engineering
project, such as a road, a building, a bridge etc.
INSTRUMENTS USED FOR SURVEY
 TOTAL STATION ( SOKKIA)
 PRISM
 LEVELLING STAFF
 TRIPOD STAND
 PRISM POLE
 MEASURING TAPE
 AUTO-LEVEL
 RANGING ROD
21
TOTAL STATION
It is an electronic theodolite (transit) integrated with an
electronic distance meter (EDM) to read slope distances
from the instrument to a particular point.
LEVELLING STAFF
A level staff is a graduated wooden or aluminium rod, used with
a levelling instrument to determine the diff. in height between
pts. or hts. of pts. above a datum surface.
TRIPOD
It is a portable 3-legged frame, used as a platform for
supporting the weight & maintaining the stability of
some other object.

22
 MATERIALS USED
 CEMENT (PPC).
 AGGREGATES (FINE AND COARSE).
 BRICKS.
 TATA & SAIL STEEL (Fe 500).
 WATER.

Bricks at site Coarse aggregates

23
24
 CEMENT
Material having both adhesive & cohesive properties in influence
of water.
TYPES OF CEMENT : OPC, PPC, RHC, PSC, LHPC, sulphate
resisting Portland cement, white cement, coloured cement, high
alumina cement, super sulphate cement, special cements
(masonry cement, oil well cement, expansive cement, etc.)
CEMENT USED IN SITE FOR CONSTRUCTION:
PPC- Portland Puzzolana Cement: Portion of Puzzolana may be
10-25% of wt. (e.g. Burnt clay, shale, fly ash). This cement has
high resistance to chemical agencies and sea water because of
absence of lime. It evolves less heat & its initial strength is less
but final strength equal to OPC.
AGENCIES FROM WHOM THIS CEMENT IS BEING BOUGHT:
 Lafarge PPC
 Ultratech PPC
 Ambuja PPC

25
TESTS ON HYDRAULIC CEMENT
1. Chemical composition
2. Consistency by vicat apparatus
3. Initial and final setting time
4. Soundness test
5. Compressive strength test
6. Specific gravity test Fineness test
7. Fineness test
8. Colour
9. Lump test

Le-Chatlier apparatus
Vicat apparatus
26
 BRICKS
Standard size of bricks: (19X9X9)cm
Traditional size of bricks: (245X120X75)mm
Quality of Good Bricks: # Well-burnt in kilns, copper-coloured free
from cracks & with sharp edges.
# Should be of standard size. Should give a clear metallic ringing
sound when struck with each other.
# The bricks, when soaked in water for 24 hr should not show
deposits of white salts when allowed to dry in shade.
# No brick should have the crushing strength below 5.50N/sq.mm.
# First class traditional bricks has been used at our site.

27
 FIRST CLASS
BRICKS
(Used at site)

SECOND CLASS
BRICKS

BURNT BRICKS

CLASSIFICATION THIRD CLASS

OF BRICKS BRICKS
UNBURNT OR
SUN DRIED
BRICKS
FOURTH CLASS
BRICKS

28
 PLANT & MACHINERY
CHOP SAW : Used for cutting the bars &
binding wires.

VIBRATOR: Used for compacting the concrete

10/7 MIXER MACHINE: Used to mix concrete for

petty castings.

BAR CUTTING MACHINE : This machine is used

to cut bars of different diameters according to the
length as specified in the drawings.
29
CONCRETE PUMP : Used to pump concrete to
heights & far off distances where casting has to
be done via steel pipes.

BAR BENDING MACHINE : Used to bend bars

of different diameters at various angles as required
according to drawing specifications.

TRANSIT MIXER : Used to carry & transport

concrete to far off distances which has a maximum
capacity of 7m³ but only up to 6m³ without
compromising on the quality & consistency
of the concrete.

30
MECHANICAL WINCH : This mechanical winch
is used to raise salballah operated by laborers
or operator.

BENCH VICE : Used to hold metal in place to be

cut or modified.

SOIL DRESSER & LOADER : Used for dressing

of soil & loading of materials.

GENERATOR : For power supply to motor.

31
BACKHOE LOADER (JCB)

EXCAVATOR

OTHER MACHINES AT SITE

32
 EXECUTION
CONSTRUCTION OPERATION

The different steps performed in the construction methodology are as discussed

below:
STARTER: Starter is the first step to start the work. By the battens make the size of
the columns fix the batten by central line. From the central line measure the distance
of the column central axis by measuring tape distance are given in the layout
drawing. Fix all column to concrete of 100mm or 200mm height. The main
advantage of the starter is all the column be in right position and columns will not
sway away from the central line.

REINFORCEMENT: Fixing the reinforcement as per drawing. Initial bar bending

schedule is given in that how much will be the cutting length and their spacing and
diameter of the bar. Care should taken the will be any wastage of steel. Here bars of
8mm,10mm, 12mm, 16mm, 20mm & 25mm have been used.

SHUTTERING: By water proof plywood and battens make board of structures of the
four faces care should be taken the size should be correct. And sufficient support is
given it should bulge or leakage while doing vibration. After fixing of the
reinforcement fix the board and tie up with the channels, tie rods and spacing of the
channels and tie rod as per codes and there should not be any leakage.

33
ROD BINDING: After the staging & shuttering process is completed, rod
binding is started which is done according to the BBS prepared in the office.
This is also called the reinforcement which bears the tension of the members
(vertical/ horizontal). The various aspects of rod binding are as follows:

LAP JOINT: As here we have to make multistory building, so the length of a

single piece of TMT bar is very much less than the building height. So the rods
have to be joined. Normally each bar is cut to a length of about 12m. So above
every slab there is a certain part of the bar protruding out. To connect the next
piece of rod we cannot weld those 2 pieces because if we do so the structure
will fail. So a certain length (here 950 mm) called Lap Length, is left above the
slab and the next piece is joined to it by providing a joggle in the new piece to
be joined. This is also provided in the horizontal members (Beams). This is
called Lap joint which resists the tension/ compression of the members.

STIRRUP- It is the shear reinforcement. It provided to resists the shear force

coming on a beam. As the shear force highly acts near the supported portion
so the spacing between the stirrups is reduced.

CHAIR- This bar is used in slab reinforcement. To keep the two layer
reinforcements separated from each other at a specific distance

31
 IMPLEMENTATION

Foundation
A foundation is the element of architectural structure which
connects it to the ground and transfers loads from the
structure to the ground. Foundation are of two types-
1. Shallow foundation also called footings.
2. Deep foundation. (Piling and boring).
DEEP FOUNDATION
A deep foundation s a type of foundation which transfers
building loads to the earth farther down from the surface than
a shallow foundation does, to a subsurface layer or a range of
depths.
35
 STRIP FOUNDATION

Differing ground conditions, proximity of trees, backfilled land, soil

types, proximity of drains, wind speed, all dictate the form of
foundation work it will take.
A strip foundation is a strip of concrete placed in
a trench. The absolute min. thickness of this strip
is 150mm. (soil samples & tests may be required
for this foundations)

36
Specifications
as per our site.

37
When can I use a strip foundation?

This foundation is conditional upon the walls the foundations support which are
placed centrally on their respective strip of concrete:
• There is no “made” ground i.e. imported soil, etc. or wide soil strength variation
in the loaded area or weak soil patches likely to cause foundation failure.
• The width of the foundation strip acc. to Table-12 of approved doc. A1/2 in
section E1 of the building regulations.
• Deals with the chemicals in soil & the British Standards that the concrete should
meet to be approved in these conditions.
• The concrete strip thickness = or > the projection from the wall face, never <
150mm.
• The upper level overlaps the lower level 2 X height of the step, by the thickness
of foundation or by 300mm, whichever is >.
• The ht. of the step is < or = the thickness of foundation
• The strip projects beyond the faces of any pier, buttress or chimney forming part
of a wall by at least as much as it projects beyond the face of the wall proper.

38
39
 Things to consider
Existing trees draw a considerable amount of moisture from the ground,
especially in clay soils. The ground will actually rise & fall in differing
conditions and in a dry summer the trees will continue to draw water from
the ground, shrinking the clay further. The ground can rise &/or fall up to
40mm around a tree between winter & summer.
Where a tree is chopped down, in clay conditions, the ground can swell up
to 150mm as the roots are no longer drawing water from the ground. This
affects the foundations & any drains within the root zone of the tree. So the
distance between tree & structure should be at least as the ht. of tree itself.

40
Minimum width of strip foundations

41
42
43
 PILING
A pile is a log slender foundation member, made either of timber, structural
steel or concrete which might be cast-in-situ or driven & act as a structural
member to transfer the load of the structure to a required depth in deep
foundations carrying a load vertical or lateral or both.
USES OF PILES :
->End bearing or Compressive strength ->Scour depth ->Tension or Uplift -
>Vibration Control ->Compaction Piles ->Rapid Construction.
BORED PILING : Creating a bore hole is done by scooping out the soil of
required diameter & length, then cage lowering to be done & subsequently
fill the bore hole by suitable grade of concrete.
Advantages: Most common everywhere, does not requir heavy
machineries, can be installed even in running plant, chances of
susceptibilities of adjacent str. is negligible.
Disadvantages: Area will gets slushy, continuous cleaning of muck is very
essential , time taking job.
PILING DONE IN CONSTRUCTION SITE :
150 mm diameter timber was driven in soil as the soil conditions were poor.
Timber used here is Sal, Eucalyptus.

44
Snapshots of piling in progress at site
45
 COLUMN
Column support floors in a structure. Slabs & beams transfer the
stresses to the columns. Column is actually a compressive
member, the effective length of which exceeds three times the
leads lateral dimension.
The failure of column results in the collapse of entire
structure.
Types Of Columns
• Based on shape
 Rect.
 Square
 Circular
 Polygon
• Based on slenderness ratio
The ratio of the effective length of a column to the
Least radius of gyration of its cross-section is called slenderness ratio.
1. Short RCC column, =<10, 2. Long RCC column, >10, 3. Short Steel column,
=<50, 4. Intermediate Steel column>50 &<200, 5. Long Steel column >200.
46
• Based on type of loading
 Axially loaded column
 Axially loaded & biaxial bending column
 Axially loaded & uniaxial bending column
• Based on pattern of lateral reinforcement
 Tied RCC column
 Spiral RCC column

Example of a column-section As per reinforcement design

47
48
COLUMN CONSTRUCTED AT SITE
Henceforth, Clear Cover: 40+40=
80mm
Reinforcement bars: 16 mm dia.
Tie bar dia.: 8mm
Tie bar spacing: 75mm
Link bar length: 1’3”
Tie bar length: 8”

Snapshot of column at site

49
 BEAM
It is a structural member that supports the transverse load which
usually rest on support at its end.
Types of beams:
# Simple Beam.
# Continuous Beam.
# Semi-continuous Beam.
# T- Beam.
# Cantilever Beam.

Construction of beam at site

50
51
52
 SLABS
A concrete slab is common structural element of modern buildings. Horizontal
slabs of steel reinforced concrete, typically between 4 & 20 inches thick, are
most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner slabs are also
used for exterior paving.
In many domestic & industrial buildings a thick concrete slab, supported on
foundations or directly on the sub-soil, is used to construct the ground floor of a
building.
For a suspended slab, there are a no. of designs to improve the strength-to-
weight ratio.
• Corrugated, is where the concrete is poured in a corrugated steel tray. This
improves strength & prevents the slab from bending under its own weight.
• A ribbed slab, giving extra strength on one-direction.
• A waffle slab, giving added strength in both directions & it looks hollow from
bottom.
• A one-way slab needs movement resisting reinforcement only in its short-
direction because of the movement along long axes is so small that it can be
neglected. Long direction lx, short direction ly .
One way slab ly/lx>2

53
• A two-way slab needs movement resisting reinforcement in both directions.
If the ratio of the lengths of long & short side is less than 2 then movement
in both direction should be considered in design.
Two way slab ly/lx <2
The stages of slab casting areas follows:
#Staging
#Shuttering
#Rod binding and Concreting

54
55
SNAPSHOT OF CONSTRUCTION OF SLAB AT SITE
56
 STAIRCASE
Stairs consist of steps arranged in series for purpose of giving
access to diff. floors of a building. Since a stair often the only
means of communication between the floors of a building, the
location of the stair requires good & careful consideration.
In a residential building staircase may be provided near the main
entrance.
In a public building, the stairs must be from the main entrance
itself and located centrally, to provide quick accessibility to the
principal apartments.
Types of staircase
• Straight stairs
• Dog legged stairs
• Open newel stairs
• Geometrical stairs
Showing section of staircase 57
Dog-legged staircase used at site

58
Picture of reinforcement of
staircase at site

59
Picture showing dogged-legged staircase at site

60
Snapshot of dog legged
staircase constructed at
site
61
 MORTAR
Mortar is known as a mixture of cement, sand & water. It is
used for filling as a binder in stone & brick masonry.
USES OF MORTAR:
• To bind the building units such as bricks,
stones.
• To carry outpointing & plaster work on
exposed surfaces of masonry.
• To form an even& soft bedding layer for building units,
• To form joints of pipes.
• To hide the open joints of brickwork & stonework.
• To improve appearance of structure.
TEST FOR MORTAR
1. Adhesive to building units
2. Crushing strength test
3. Tensile strength test

Crushing strength testing machine 62

 CONCRETE
It is a mixture of paste & aggs., or rocks. The paste is composed of
Portland cement & water, coats the surface of the fine (small) &
coarse (larger) aggregates.
Nominal Mix Concrete
It is used in works where the quality control requirement for design
mixes are diff. to be implemented. Nominal mix concrete can be
produced by taking cement, fine & coarse agg. in the ratio of 1:n:2n
for normal work. However the ratio of the coarse agg. to fine agg.
can vary from 1.5:2.5:1 in situations more denser or more workable
concrete is to be produced.
Important points:
1. Water-cement ratio
2. Bleeding of concrete
3. Workability of concrete- amount of work to produce full
compaction.
 Water content  Shape of agg.
 Mix proportion  Surface texture
 Size of agg.  Grading and use
63
 TESTS PERFORMED ON
CONCRETE
 Slump test

 Compaction factor test

SLUMP TEST
 Vee-Bee test

 Flow test

 Tensile strength test COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TESTING

MACHINE

64
 BRICK MASONRY & PLASTERING
Masonry may be defined as the construction of building units
bonded together with mortar. As bricks are used as the building
units, we can call it brick masonry or brick-work. Generally in our
country FLEMISH BOND is used for brickwork.
Plastering is the process of covering
rough surfaces of walls, columns,
ceilings and other building
components with thin coat of plastic
mortar.

65
 FLOORING
MARBLE
VITIRIFIED
MARBLE
TILES

ANTI SKID TILES

TILES

KOTASTONE

KOTASTONE

66
 WALL TILES

PORCELIAN
TILES

CERAMIC
TIILES

67
FORMWORK
Formwork can be made of
timber, plywood, precast iron
or fibre glass separately or in
combination.
Steel formwork is done where
large no of same size is
required to be reused.
Timber work is useful for small
formwork.
Fibre glass made of pre-cast
concrete and aluminium are in
slab construction or members
involving curved surface.

68
Pictures of formwork at site 69
FORMWORK 70
 SCAFFOLD
A temporary structure made of wooden planks, and metal poles used while
building, repairing, or cleaning of building.

71
Various safety precautions have been followed here at the site
of the project which is absolutely necessary for healthy work
environment. Safety measures followed here includes safety
belt, helmet, safety net, gloves etc.

SAFETY NET HELMET & SAFETY BELT

72
73
 Some more snapshots of site

Chipping done at site Curing

Excavation Reinforcement 74
75
 CONCLUSION
We had really enjoyed our vocational training and our
interaction with the various engineers & in charges of this
project. It was a great experience to be here because we
got to know a lot of things, we could never get chances of
experiencing hadn’t we come here to this site. It taught us
some latest modified methodologies which have been
incorporated in Civil Engineering applications in practical
field which is never taught in any text book. After all there
is always a difference between seeing a thing than
reading because seeing is believing.

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