MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF

CONCRETE WITH
BANANA TRUNK ASH
(musa acuminta)
AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT
FOR CEMENT
Malayan
Colleges
Laguna
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Background of the study Comes from the word “concretus”
First used by the Egyptians
Further developed by the Romans

Concrete
Most commonly used in construction
Serves as binder in the concrete
Introduced in Philippines by
Cement Agustinian Recolects

Plant fibers as reinforcement

Agri. Waste Additives
Replacement

Banana Fruit can be eaten, leaves as wrapper

Bears only fruit once then dies
Need to cut to give space for sprout
Statement of the Problem • What are the compressive strengths (MPa) of concrete using 2%, 3.5%, and
5% banana trunk ash-cement ratio using ASTM C192?

• What are the flexural strengths (MPa) of concrete using 2%, 3.5%, and 5%
banana trunk ash-cement ratio using ASTM C293?

• What is the optimum ratio of banana trunk ash-cement ratio used?

• What is the relationship of compressive and flexural strengths of concrete

with and without banana trunk ash?

To determine the optimum ratio of
3 banana trunk ash replacement used
Objectives
To determine the compressive
strengths of concrete using 2%,
1 3.5%, and 5% banana trunk ash
replacement of cement
To compare the compressive and
flexural strengths of concrete with 4
and without banana trunk ash
To determine the flexural strengths
of concrete using 2%, 3.5%, and 5%
banana trunk ash replacement of
2
cement
Scope and Limitations
`
Significance of the Study

Cost Effective

Environmental Friendly
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
 Agricultural waste

Morphology
Banana

Production

Properties

Related study
AW as Partial Replacement

Jain, Saraswat & Thakur (2014) studied

rice husk ash, saw dust ash and
for Cement

wheat straw ash as partial

replacement of cement in concrete. Rice
husk ash with 10% and 20% replacement
gave the best compressive strength as
compared to wheat straw ash and saw dust ash.
AW as Partial Replacement

substitute
Some agricultural wastes are used as a
for Aggregates

for aggregates in concrete. Basarkar, Patro &

Prusty (2015) studied different types of agro-waste as

a replacement for fine aggregates in concrete.

They used sugarcane bagasse ash, groundnut

shell, oyster shell, sawdust, giant reed

ash, rice husk ash, cork and tobacco waste as replacements
for fine aggregates.
 Banana Production

20%
Banana

52%
28%
According to the Philippine Statistics
Authority, the production of banana
increased by 2.1% percent from 10 million
metric tons in 2017 to 2.14 million metric
Cavendish Saba Latundan and the rest
tons as of 2018.
Morphology of Banana
Plant
Properties of Banana ash
 “Strength performance of banana fiber ah as
cementitious material with different
temperature”
Related Studies

Nur Aaqilah and Abd Karim (2014)

400ᵒC, 500ᵒC, 600ᵒC
27 cubes were used, 100mm x 100mmx 100m
highest value at 500ᵒC and lowest value at 600ᵒC
 “The use of banana trunk ash as cement
replacement in mortar”
Related Studies

Wahab, M. L. H. B. (2015)
500oC for 2 hours
1%, 2%, and 3% of banana trunk ash by weight
2% performed the best with a compressive strength of 9.149MPa
followed with 1% having 8.709MPa and lastly 3% with 8.349MPa
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
Methodology

MATERIALS
COST ANALYSIS

DATA ANALYSIS

TESTS
Materials
 Percent Curing CST FST

Replacement (days) (no. of (no. of

Mix Proportion

samples) samples)

0% 28 3 Percent 3 Cement (kg) Sand (kg) Gravel BTA (kg) Water

2% 28 3 Replace 3 (kg) (L)

3.5% 28 3 ment 3

5% 28 3 0% 3 12.04 12.67 25.34 0 7.22

2% 11.79 12.67 25.34 0.24 7.22

3.5% 11.61 12.67 25.34 0.42 7.22

5% 11.43 12.67 25.34 0.60 7.22

Tests
Cost Analysis
Data Analysis
 RESULTS
CHAPTER 4
AND
DISCUSSION
Chemical Composition of
Banana Trunk

Sample Ca(%) Fe(%)

Banana Trunk 1 0.2037 0.0087

Banana Trunk 2 0.1822 0.0131

Mean 0.1929 0.0109

Results of CST

11.6 MPa
7.8 MPa
8.1 MPa
TRIAL 1

9.8 MPa

10.8 MPa
8.8 MPa
7.9 MPa
TRIAL 2

10.4 MPa

10.4 MPa
8.7 MPa
10.4 MPa
MPa
7.7 MPa
8.7
TRIAL 3

MPa
9.6 MPa
7.7
9.6 MPa
0%
2%

5%
Legend

3.5%
 14

12

10
Results of CST

8
Trial 1
Trial 2

6 Trial 3

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0.0626x3 – 0.0883x2 – 1.3238x + 10.93 from 0≤x≤5

Results of FST

2.9 MPa
0.76 MPa
2.44 MPa
TRIAL 1

1.95 MPa

3.64 MPa
0.93 MPa
3.20 MPa
TRIAL 2

2.17 MPa

4.50 MPa
MPa
0.78 MPa
10.4
2.43
8.7 MPaMPa
TRIAL 3

1.89MPa
7.7 MPa
0%
2%

5%
Legend

3.5%
 5

4.5

3.5
Results of FST

Trial 1
2.5
Trial 2
Trial 3
2

1.5

0.5

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0.2648x3 + 2.2114x2 - 4.7586x + 3.61 from 0≤x≤5

 DIFFERENCE IN
COMPARISONS Rp DIFFERENCE
Statistical Analysis
MEANS

0 vs 2 0.9128 2.7833 Significant Flexural Strength

0 vs 3.5 1.0105 0.92 Insignificant

0 vs 5 0.9202 1.6067 Significant

DIFFERENCE IN
COMPARISONS Rp DIFFERENCE
MEANS

0 vs 2 0.7878 2.5667 Significant Compressive Strength

0 vs 3.5 1.1641 3.7 Significant

0 vs 5 0.7417 1 Significant
 SOURCE OF
SS df MS F P-value Fcrit
VARIATION
Statistical Analysis

Between Groups 12.3771 3 4.1257 15.7957 0.0010 4.0662

Flexural Strength

Within Groups 2.0895 8 0.2612

Total 14.4666 11

C SS df MS F P-value Fcrit

Between Groups 24.23 3 8.0767 18.3214 0.0006 4.0662 Compressive Strength

Within Groups 3.5267 8 0.4408

Total 27.7567 11
 100

90

80
Cost Analysis

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 2 3.5 5

cost of cement cost reduced

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION
• As the weight of BTA increases, the weight of Portland cement used decreases.

• The concrete samples with BTA replacements did not meet the strength of the
control samples with respect to the compressive strength of the concrete,

• The concrete sample with BTA replacement of 5% has the nearest compressive
strength value compared to the control samples.

• The concrete sample with a BTA replacement of 3.5% has the highest optimal
flexural strength based on the results because the highest value obtained by
3.5% exceeded the lowest value of the controlled sample.

• 5% BTA replacement shows the highest reduction in cost.

CHAPTER 6 RECOMMENDATION
• 5% BTA replacement = 9.93 MPa
Category C10 and can be used for patio slabs, pathways and non-
structural works.

• Extend the range of percentage replacement to fully understand the

relationship of the percentage replacement with respect to the strengths of
partially replaced concrete.

• Researchers can use other species of banana

• Uncontrolled temperature of ashing is also recommended for those who do

not have an access to a furnace.