TOPIC 9 : WORK STATION DESIGN & LIGHTING

WORK IMPROVEMENT OF
SMALL ENTERPRISES
(WISE)
 OBJECTIVE
❖To identify idea for better workstation design
❖To identify 4 rules on workstation design.
❖To identify simple & low-cost improvement in workstation design.
 What is meant by work station?
Is the place which a worker occupies when performing a
job. It can be occupied all the time or it could be one of
many places where work is done.
Example:
Tools operation, Worktable
. for Assembly
Inspection worktable
WORK STATION
DESIGN

Four Rules :
●Keep materials, tools & controls within easy reach.
●Work at elbow height & with enough leg space (work posture)
●Use clamps, jigs, vices & other fixtures.
●Make displays and controls easy to see & understand.
Curve Tracking Exercise – 10 mins
 1st Rules: Easy To Reach
Recommended Dimensions
For Most Seated Tasks

Placement Of Tools
On The Work-Table
 Place Frequently Used Materials/
Tools & Control Within Easy Reach
 Recommended Zone For Workplace

References: Guidelines On Occupational Safety &

Health For Seating At Work (JKKP)
Next….. Seat-Back Exercise
2nd Rules: Work Posture Elbow Rules
Concept
 Rules on work posture
●Change work surface height or position of work items, tools
or controls so that work is done at elbow height.
●Provide good chairs of correct seat height and with a good
backrest.
●Provide enough leg space to allow easy leg movement.
Adjust The Working Height For Each
Worker At Elbow Level Or Slightly
Below It
 X X √

Too Low Too High Correct

Well & Poorly Adjusted Seats

References: Guidelines On Occupational Safety & Health For Seating At Work (JKKP)
Provided Sitting Workers With
Good Adjustable Chairs With
Back Rest
Allow Works To Alternate Standing &
Sitting At Work As Much As Possible
Recommended
Dimensions For standing
Works
Complete The Seat-Back Exercise
3rd Rules: Use Jigs, Vices & Clamps To
Hold Materials
Clamps, Jigs, Levers & Other Devices
Minimise vertical movement or use chutes
or other devices to save the worker’s time
and effort

Use a specially designes or universal jig or

fixture instead of holding an unstable work
piece by hand

Suspended tools are less tiring to use. They

also save the time lost in picking up and
putting down the tool

Clamps and vices can hold different sizes

and shapes of work pieces steady during
work and can free hands as well
Use clamps, jigs, levers and other devices to
save time and effort. A simple workplace
arrangement is important to prevent wasted
effort and improve work.
Provided Hand Support When Using
Precision Tools

To reduce
movement
when doing
precision
work
4th Rules: Displays & Controls
Use marking, colors or attach simple worded label
in the local language on displays to help workers
understand what to do.
Attach simple local language labels
to the controls or switches
Make emergency controls and
switches clearly visible
Easily distinguishable display
and control can minimize
mistakes.
Which one is better? Discussion
 Seating Facilities and Work
Station
SHW Regulation
30 and 31. Seating facilities shall be
provided

Chair Design and dimension

should be suite to workers
and their jobs as to avoid
bodily injury.

Workstation design must suit

*
to the workers posture *
 LIGHTING

Paper 6 - Lighting

27
 • Objectives
O
1) To understand that productivity and work
quality are raised if worker’s eye strain reduced by
good lighting.

2) To identify 3 rules on lighting

28
• Good lighting is important.
• Improvement can be made with low cost and
even no cost at all.
• 1 good example..

29
LIST OF IDEAS…
• How to reduce your electricity bill by using natural
lighting.
• How to get better lighting out of existing
measures.
• How to increase productivity and quality by using
local lighting and avoid glare.
• How lighting maintenance can save your money.

30
EXERCISE
• Exercise on adequate light…..

31
 RULES ON USE OF DAYLIGHT
What the ways to make use of daylight….

32
RULES ON AVOID GLARE..

33
Choose an
appropriate visual
task background
For visual tasks that
demand close
attention ,make sure
that the background
is free from eye-
catching distractions.

Usage of the
backlighting is
useful when working
with small work-
WHAT OTHER MEASURES TO
AVOID GLARE???
• Using blind, curtains, louvers, shades and trees..
• Changing windows to translucent ones,
• Changing the position of light source or
workstation.
• Deep shades or shades low enough or high
enough to ensure that light bulb or bright surface
are outside the normal field view.
• Mat surfaces without reflected glare

35
Avoid Glare

Glare means especially

bright points or areas within
the field of vision.

Causes a reduction in the

ability to see, discomfort,
annoyance and eye fatigue.

Two types of glare : direct

glare and reflected (indirect
glare)
RULES ON REPOSITION OF LIGHT
AND LOCAL LIGHTS
Find The Right
Place For Light
Sources
Distinguish an
object from its
background Light from above and
behind. The object is
Reveal its shape difficult to see and
there is often a glare
Reveal its surface problem
texture

Enable any
marking on its
surface to be
seen easily

Light from the side and above.

This is better but much of the
work item is still in shadow
• Summarize the rules….invite question and
comments……how it is relevant to the
productivity…
 LEGAL REQUIREMENT

Lighting SHW Regulation 29

Arrangement to make sure uniform distribution and

maintenance of all windows

In every part the intensity of illumination shall not

be less than 20 lux and not less than 50 lux at any
point where work is actually being done

Refer second schedule SHW Regulation

THANK YOU