Kuliah Pondasi (1)

Jurusan Teknik Sipil

Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Dosen: M Ridwan, ST, M Eng
Pengertian Pondasi

 Bagiandari konst. Bangunan yg bertugas

mentransfer beban struktur dari bangunan
ke tanah.
Bagian Utama Gedung

Superstructure

Substructure

Foundation
Struktur Pondasi

 Shallow Foundations (Spread Footings)

- Bearing Capacity
- Settlement
Ground
Q Surface

Df B

B>Df

Soil Shear Strength,

S = C + ’ tan Ø
Struktur Pondasi

 Deep Foundations
- Load Capacity
- Settlement
- Negative Skin Friction
BEBAN PADA PONDASI

 Beban Mati (Dead Load)

 Beban Hidup (Live Load)
 Beban Angin (Wind Load)
 Tekanan Horizontal
 Gaya2 pd bag. Struktur
 Uplift
 Gempa (Earthquake)
PENURUNAN PONDASI

NO SETTLEMENT * TOTAL SETTLEMENT * DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENT

Uniform settlement is usually of little consequence in a building, but differential
settlement can cause severe structural damage
Kombinasi Spread & Strip Footing
Shallow
Foundations
 SOG with thickened
edges

 Eccentrically loaded
footings

 Mat foundation
 Floating (Mat) foundation
Shallow Foundations

Stepped strip
footings /// ///
\\\
\\\ /// \\\

Grade Beams
SPREAD FOOTING DESIGN

Lesson 7 - Topic 1
Bearing Capacity
Apa pengaruh pd Bearing
Capacity jika tanah diatas
Spread Footing dihilangkan?
Failure Modes
General Shear Failure
V
Bulge
Load, V
3 1 3
2 2
Settlement, S

General Soil undergoes sudden failure as wedge 1 displaces

zones 2 and 3
Local Local Shear Failure
V

3 1 3
2 2
2 2
Tan Ø’ = tan Ø C’ = C
3 3
Soil undergoes compaction in zones 1, 2 and 3
Bearing Capacity Mechanism

Ground
Q Surface P0 = ’ Df Q

Df B
3 b’ 1 b 3
B>Df
2 2
d’ a d
Soil Shear Strength,
S = C + ’ tan Ø
Q

b’ I b
c c
a

Pp Pp
Bearing Capacity
Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Equation

qu = cNc + p0Nq + ½ ’ BN 

Nc Nq N
40
Ø – in Degrees

30

20

10

0
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 40 60 80
Nc and Nq 5.7 1.0 N
Bearing Capacity Equations

 Terzaghi:
- qult = cNc + PoNq + 1/2 BN

 Brinch Hanson
- qult = cNc scdcic + Po Nqsqdqiq + 1/2 BN sdi
Bearing Capacity Factors
100

Bearing Capacity Factors: Nc, Nq, N

80
60
40
30
20
15
Nc Nq
10
7
5 5.53
4
3
2
N
1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Angle of Internal Friction, , Degrees
 Eccentric Loading
p p
e
CL

qmax qmin q

B B’

B’ = B- 2e
L’
1.0
Cohesive Soil
eL p B’ = B – 2eb
0.8
B’ 0.6 Granular Soil
B eb L’ = L – 2eL
R
0.4 q’ult = Qult(R)
Use B’ and L’ in 0.2
place of B and L 0 Where R is a
L in Bearing .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 reduction factor for
Capacity Eq. e/B eccentric loading
Bearing Capacity – Pengaruh Slope

B
q
Footing on H  D
Slope

b B
q
 D
Footing Near Top H
of Slope
Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Shallow Footings with Concentric
Loads
Ultimate Bearing Capacity with Ground Water Effect