SUGARCANE BYPRODUCTS

AND THEIR USES

GROUP MEMBERS
 LAIBA SALEEM (13)
 SOBIA TARIQ (18)
 FATIMA SARWAR (35)
 SEHRISH FATIMA (34)
 HUNAINA ASLAM (42)
 ZAIB UN NISA (45)
 TABISH MUKHTAR (07)
 FARHAN TARIQ (06)
 AHMAD FARAZ (28)
 USAMA ASLAM (50)
 HUSNAIN YOUSAF (19)
 ASAD SALEEM (49)
 By-Products of the sugarcane farm :-
 These include
 Canetops
 Cane trash.
 By -products of sugar manufacture:-
 These By-Products are
 a) Bagasse
 b) Press Mud.
 c) Molasses
By-Products of Sugarcane Farm

 The cane tops and cane trash constitute 25-35% of the

harvested cane
 When the sugarcane crop is harvested, the sugarcane tops are
removed and the stems are cleaned of their leaves (trash) most
of which are dry.
 The production of tops and trash is usually 25-35% of the
weight of cane on the field.
 It seems that as long as the bullock cart is in use in India, the
sugarcane tops will be continued to be used as a fodder and
possibility of their industrial use seems to be very remote.
BYPRODUCTS OF SUGARCANE FARM

Sugarcane Tops
 The sugarcane tops form a valuable fodder for the cattle.
 Suggestions have been made from time to time to utilize
the green leaves of the 146 cane tops for extracting leaf
protein.
 but this idea had not been transformed into action till
now as the green fodder is available in abundance right
now.
BYPRODUCTS OF SUGARCANE FARM

Cane Trash
 The leaves removed from the cane stalk dry up and remain on
the field till the field is required for the next crop.
 The quantity of this trash is quite considerable in volume.
 Trash is also used to cover the land between two rows of cane
with a layer of trash so as to prevent weeds from coming up.
 Trash which is still left on the field is burnt which not only kills
the insects and pests but also leaves behind an ash rich in
potash.
BYPRODUCTS OF SUGARCANE FARM

 As trash is a cellulosic material, attempts have been made to

produce biogas from it by anaerobic digestion
 Methane gas is obtained for lighting and field purpose and the
digested residue serves as a valuable compost.
 Another use of trash was tried at Ravalgaon sugar factory Ltd.
 Where cardboard or wrapping paper was produced from trash
on an experimental basis.
 However the unit had to be abandoned as it was damaged in an
accidental fire.
BY PRODUCTS OF SUGARCANE
MANUFACTURING
Bagasse
 Bagasse is the fibrous residue left after the juice has been
extracted from the sugarcane.
 It is normally directly (normally) fed to the boilers in the
sugar factories for the generation of steam.
 The quantity of bagasse produced in any sugar factory
mainly depends upon the fiber content of the sugarcane.
 The cane in the northern India has an average fiber
content of 15-17%, while in the southern India the fiber
content is usually 12-14%.
COMPOSITION

 Bagasse has the following composition,

 Fiber including pith, clay, and sand 47%
 Water 50%
 Soluble matter 3%
 The insoluble portion of bagasse has following composition
 i) Cellulose 36%
 ii) Pentosans 26%
 iii) Lignine 20%
 iv) Ash 2.2%
FACTS

 A sugar factory can save 3-5% of bagasse after meeting the

requirement of boiler for running the plant.
 Thus a sugar factory handling 500-600 thousands tones per
annum will save 20,000-25,000
 148 tones of wet bagasse with about 48-50% moisture and
as the sugar factory runs on an average for 5-8 months in
a year, it has to store the same properly.
 Special care is to be taken while storing as the bagasse is
highly inflammable and has a very low density.
USES OF BAGASSE

Bagasse can be utilized for manufacturing

Paper
As a raw material for paper, bagasse offers the following
advantages.
 Easy collection from sugar factories.
 Paper has good opacity and printability
 Bagasse pulp requires less refining.
 Paper has good burning strength.
USES OF BAGASSE

Fiber Board
 It is made from refined or partially refined fibers.
 Bonding agents or other materials may be incorporated for
increasing strength, as well as resistance to moisture, fire
or decay.
 They are usually sold as insulation boards, soft boards and
hard boards according to density.
USES OF BAGASSE

 Particle Board :-
 It is produced from small pieces of wood or other lingo
cellulosic material impregnated with an organic binder or
compressed under heat and pressure.
 These boards are suitable for furniture preparation.
 It has been observed that though it is possible to produce
very large quantities of particle board from bagasse, no
such utilization of bagasse is taking place.
 One of the reasons responsible for this is that wood waste
is available at a considerably lower price than bagasse.
USES OF BAGASSE
Alcohol
Alcohol can also be produced from the bagasse..
Activated carbon
Attempts are made to prepare activated carbon from bagasse.
Bagasse ash
This ash removed from the boilers amounts to be about 0.3% on cane. Bagasse ash
is utilized for glass making .
 Ash is easy to grind.
 All the main ingredients are already present in the intimate chemical
composition.
PRESS MUD OR FILTER CAKE

 In the process of manufacture of sugar,

 The first stage is the extraction' of juice and the
subsequent stage is the clarification of juice.
 This process is called as 'clarification' or 'purification’.
 There are two processes utilized for 'clarification’
 Carbonation and Sulphitation.
PRESS MUD OR FILTER CAKE

 Carbonation filter cake is not of practical use while

sulphitation filter cake is more useful.
 It is utilized almost entirely as manure.
 It is most useful in acidic and saline soils.
 The filter cake however contains 151 much of the wax
that was originally present
 If extracted and properly processed, this wax can be a
valuable raw material.
MOLASSES

 In the process of sugar manufacture purified cane juice is

concentrated to about 1.31 specific gravity when it is called
syrup.
 The syrup is further concentrated when crystalization takes
place and the resulting product is called as 'massecuite’.
 The 'massacuite' is spun in centrifugal machines to separate the
crystals from the adhering 'mother liquor’.
 This 'mother liquor' is termed as 'molasses' or 'green syrup’.
 The molasses resulting after first crystalization is called as first
molasses, which is again crystalized to yield a second crop of
crystals and second 'molasses
MOLASSES

It is thus a dark chocolate coloured viscous liquid containing about

15-20 % water, 50- 55% of total sugars and the rest non sugars.
Molasses can be classified into the following categories according
to the process of manufacture.
1. Raw sugar molasses formed during the production of raw sugar.
2. White sugar molasses formed during the production of direct
consumption white sugar.
3. Refining molasses formed when raw sugar is refined.
4. Discard steffen molasses formed from desugarising of beet
molasses by Steffen process. Commercial importance of this
molasses is very minor.
COMPOSITION

 Water 20%
 Sucrose 32%
 Glucose 14%
 Fructose 16%
 Non sugar 10%
 Inorganic materials 08%
MOLASSES USES

1. Cattle feed
2. Edible syrup
3. Acids, like citric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, maleic
acid, itasonic acid, butyric acid,
4. Solvents and chemicals like ethanol, butanol, acetone,
glycerol etc.
5. Vinegar
 USES..

Ethyl Alcohol
 In India, molasses is primarily utilized for the production
of ethyl alcohol.
 About 50-60 % of the total alcohol production goes for
chemical conversion,
 while about 20% is utilized for liquor.
Use as a fertilizer
 Molasses contains substantial amounts of potassium and
small quantities of nitrogen and phosphate.
USES..

 If used as a fertilizer these three constituents would be immensely

beneficial to the crop.
Road surfacing
 Molasses can be used for road surfacing after mixing with asphalt.
Boiler fuel
 As molasses contains about 70% of organic substances, many attempts
have been made to use it as a boiler fuel.
REFERENCES

 ALTERNATIVE USES OF SUGARCANE AND ITS

BYPRODUCTS IN AGROINDUSTRIES
by
J.M. Paturau
 Rupa Giri , B.S. Kundu , Parul Diwan, Kushal Raj and Leela
Wati Department of Microbiology CCS Haryana Agricultural
University, Hisar-125 001, India
 https://www.researchgate.net/post/Which_products_can
_be_prepared_or_produced_from_sugarcane.