GEC 106 B7-1

ADAVAN|DONDIEGO|LAFUENTE|PANDAPATAN|RAMO
A. Meaning of Art
Art - the expression or application of human
creative skill and imagination, typically in a
visual form such as painting or sculpture,
producing works to be appreciated primarily
for their beauty or emotional power. It is also
the various branches of creative activity, such
as painting, literature, music, and dance.
 What is Art for?
What is it meant to
be about?
I. Religion
- art functions to support the truths set out by religion

“The Creation of Adam” by Michelangelo Bounarroti

“The Last Supper” by Leonardo Da Vinci
II. Propaganda for Political Cause
Artist Jacque-Louis David finishes
“Napoleon crossing the Alps” where
Napoleon masters a white warhorse
though in reality, he crossed the
mountains on a more serviceable mule.
III. “L’art pour l’art”
“Art for art’s sake”
Theophile Gautier publishes
an essay about art which
argues that art must free itself
from the poisonous agendas of
religions and governments. The
point of good art is always to
be just for its own sake. True
art must serve nothing at all.
IV. Art for Duchamp
Marcel Duchamp exhibited
his work; a urinal titled
“Fountain”. He argued that
artists should stand against
the mainstream and create
works that are enigmatic,
mysteriously provocative,
and rather silent.
V. Mark Rothko
Works that seem to be not about anything :
Who decides what
Art means?
I. W.K. Wimsatt and Monroe Beardsley
Intentional Fallacy – artistic intention was
irrelevant because the artists we study are
no longer living and never recorded their
intentions and even if there were, it would
distract us from the qualities of the work
itself.
II. Steven Knapp and Walter Benn Michaels
- artists intended meaning was the only possible
interpretation.

III. Noel Caroll

- Artists’ intentions are relevant to their
audience because it dictates your
understanding and your response.
You decide :))
“One picture is worth a thousand
words.”
 Visual Language
• A distinct form of communication.
• Not only enriches the overall understanding of art and the
world, but it also greatly influences creativity and critical
thinking.
• Uses visual elements.
Elements of Arts
 Line
An element of an art
defined by a point
moving in space. LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452-1519)
A Study for an Equestrian Monument
Source:
http://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/v
isual-elements/visual-elements.html
Psychological Response to Different Types
of Lines:

Curved Lines
suggest comfort and ease.

The Starry Night

Vincent van Gogh
June 1889
Source: https://bit.ly/2tnxTjm
Horizontal Lines
suggest distance and
calm.
Paul Cézanne,
The Bay of Marseilles,
(1885)
Source: https://bit.ly/2tnAERK
Vertical Lines Jagged Lines
suggest height and suggest turmoil and
strength. anxiety.
Francis Newton Souza,
Spirits by the Lake by Indian: Uses texture and
Leonid Afremov jagged lines to create
Source: rough feeling around town.
https://bit.ly/2BAWs0Y Source:https://bit.ly/2BAWs0Y
 Shape
Can be natural or man-
made, regular or
irregular, flat or solid.
FRANCIS CAMPBELL BOILEAU CADELL (1883-1937)
The Blue Fan, 1922 (oil on canvas)

Source: http://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/visual-
elements/visual-elements.html
The Behavior of Shapes:

•Squares and Rectangles can portray strength and stability

•Circles and Ellipses can represent continuous movement
•Triangles can lead the eye in an upward movement
•Inverted Triangles can create a sense of imbalance and
tension
 Tone
Is the lightness or
darkness of a color.

JOHANNES VERMEER (1632-1675)

Girl with the Pearl Earring, 1665 (oil on canvas)
Source: http://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/visual-
elements/visual-elements.html
 Color
Is the visual element that
has the strongest effect
on our emotions.

WASSILY KANDINSKY (1866-1944)

Autumn Landscape with Boats, 1908 (oil on board)

Source: www.artyfactory/com/art appreciation/visual-

elements/visual-elements.html
 Pattern
is made by repeating or
echoing the elements of an
artwork to communicate a
sense of balance, harmony,
contrast, rhythm or PAUL KLEE (1879-1940)
movement. Dream City, 1921 (warercolor and oil)
Source: www.artyfactory/com/art appreciation/visual-
elements/visual-elements.html
Two basic types of pattern in art:
Natural Pattern Man-Made Pattern

Jan Poynter
Cracked with Green by Janet Little
Source: https://janpoynter.com/ Source: https://bit.ly/2N6tV7M
natural-patterns-new-paintings/
 Texture
is the surface quality
of an artwork

JAN VAN HUYSUM (1682-1747)

Detail of Bouquet of Flowers in an Urn, 1724 (oil on
canvas)
Source: www.artyfactory/com/art appreciation/visual-
elements/visual-elements.html
Two types of texture:
Optical Texture Physical Texture

JAN VAN HUYSUM (1682-1747) MAX ERNST(1891-1976)

Bouquet of Flowers in an Urn, 1724 The Entire City, 1935-36
(oil on canvas) (oil on canvas)

Source: http://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/visual-elements/texture.html
 Form
is the physical
volume of a shape
and the space that
it occupies. IGOR MITORAJ (1944-2014)
Tindaro Screpolato (Tyndareus Cracked), 1998 (bronze)
Source: www.artyfactory/com/art appreciation/visual-
elements/visual-elements.html
 A
P
P
R
E
C
I
A
T
I
Source: https://bit.ly/2EexUyu
O
N
 Appreciation
• recognition of good qualities of a person or
something
• a full understanding of a situation
• synonyms= respect, esteem, comprehension
 Art Appreciation
• It encompasses so much more than just looking at a piece of
art or learning about the artist.
• recognition of the good qualities and understanding of art
• acquiring knowledge leads to appreciation
• knowing vocabulary, concepts, themes, processes, materials
• knowing context
 Art Appreciation
• does not require liking or loving
• Using the example of early civilizations, they didn’t use formal
written language but instead used drawings to depict their everyday
lives, emotions and hopes. We can look at the images, and it gives
us not only a clear understanding of what their daily struggles and
successes were, but it allows us to connect and empathize on an
emotional level while also learning about their culture.
 Art Appreciation
• Art is not meant to be looked at only for what it is. It is meant to
stimulate thought because it allows viewers to draw their own
emotions and pull from their personal experiences when viewed.
• Utilizes analytical skills to connect formal attributes of art with
their meaning and expression.
 Laura Murray’s Oklahoma Study # 7, 2015

Description:
A work of art from
an objective point of
view – its physical
attributes and formal
construction.
Source: https://www.artspace.com/laura-murray/oklahoma-
study-7
 Eleanor Fortescue-Brickdale (1871-1945) The Uninvited Guest

Analysis:
A detailed look at a
work of art that
combines physical
attributes with
subjective statements
based on the viewer's
reaction to the work. Source: https://www.artrenewal.org/Artwork/Index/42475
 Grant Wood's American Gothic, 1930

Context:
Historical, religious or
environmental information
that surrounds a particular
work of art and which helps
to understand the work's
meaning.
Source: https://bit.ly/2EhtNjb
 Henry Fuseli's The Nightmare, 1781 Oil Painting

Meaning:
A statement of the
work's content. A
message or narrative
expressed by the subject
matter.
Source: https://www.sartle.com/artwork/the-nightmare-henry-
fuseli
 Connoisseurs admiring Andrew Jensdotter’s "Wired"

Judgment:
A critical point of
view about a work
of art concerning its
aesthetic or cultural
value.

Source: https://bit.ly/2TQWAAw
Major and Minor
Forms of Arts
 I. Fine Arts
The term "fine art" refers to an art form practised mainly for its aesthetic
value and its beauty ("art for art's sake") rather than its functional value.
Fine art is rooted in drawing and design-based works such as painting,
printmaking, and sculpture.
It is often contrasted with "applied art" and "crafts" which are both
traditionally seen as utilitarian activities.
Historically, the five main fine arts were painting, sculpture, architecture,
music, and poetry, with performing arts including theatre and dance.
 What Does Fine Art Include?
Definitions of fine art are obliged to change with the time, but most
encompass the following activities:
Drawing Other Fine Arts:
Photography
Painting Architecture
Sculpture  Manuscript
Printmaking Illumination
Calligraphy
Animation
  Painting
Spencer, Frederick R.: Family Group
Family Group, oil on canvas by Frederick
R. Spencer, 1840; in the Brooklyn
Museum, New York. 74 × 91.4 cm.
https://www.britannica.com/art/painting
/images-videos/media/438588/141360
 Sculpture
Rodin, Auguste: The Kiss
Front view of The Kiss, marble
sculpture by Auguste Rodin, carved
1888–98; in the Rodin Museum, Paris.
https://www.britannica.com/art/scul
pture/images-
videos/media/530179/139454
 Drawing
Michelangelo: Profile with Oriental
Headdress
Profile with Oriental Headdress, sanguine
drawing by Michelangelo, c. 1522; in the
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, England.
https://www.britannica.com/art/drawing
-art/images-
videos/media/171125/115854
 Printmaking
Jane Avril, lithograph poster by Henri
de Toulouse-Lautrec, 1893; in the
Toulouse-Lautrec Museum, Albi,
France.
https://www.britannica.com/art/print
making/images-
videos/media/477079/14866
 Photography
Venetian Canal (1894)
Photograph by Alfred Stieglitz, one
of the greatest photographers
in the history of camera art.
http://www.visual-arts-
cork.com/photography-art.htm
 Architecture
The Parthenon Acropolis,
Athens.
An icon of Greek civilization of
the
5th century BCE.
http://www.visual-arts-
cork.com/antiquity/parthenon.htm
 Manuscript Illumination  Animation

Martyrdom of Saint Agatha by Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs lobby card
Sano di Pietro (Ansano di Pietro di Lobby card for the 1937 motion picture Snow White and
Mencio); Tempera and gold on parchment the Seven Dwarfs.

https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/work © 1937 Walt Disney Pictures. All rights reserved.

s-of-art/1975.1.2488/ https://www.britannica.com/art/animation/media/25806
/226603
 Calligraphy

(an example of a Korean Calligraphy) (an example of an Arabic Calligraphy) (an example of a Chinese Calligraphy)

(1) http://leaveinspired.com/2010/07/14/beautiful-examples-of-korean-typography/
(2) https://www.etsy.com/listing/503626711/and-we-created-you-in-pairs-arabic
(3) http://www.asianbrushart.com/ChineseCalligraphy.html
 The area of fine art is constantly being extended to embrace new
activities arising because of either new technology, or artistic invention.
By the invention of mixed-media artworks employing collage, decollage,
photomontage, or "found-art", this gradual widening process made it
almost impossible to define or fix a meaning for fine art.

 Today, the fine arts commonly include additional forms, such as film,
photography, video production/editing, design, sequential art,
conceptual art, and printmaking.
 (an example of a found art)
conglomerate seahorse
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/
528891549969713558/
(an example of a collage)
Meet the People
Sir Eduardo Paolozzi
1948
https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artwor
ks/paolozzi-meet-the-people-
t01459
(an example of a photomontage)
Surreal Photomontage by Jim
Kazanjian
https://laughingsquid.com/surreal-
photomontage-by-jim-kazanjian/
Applied
Arts
 Applied Arts
The term "applied art" refers to the
application (and resulting product) of
artistic design to utilitarian objects in
everyday use.works of applied art are
usually functional objects which have
been "prettified" or creatively designed
with both aesthetics and function in
mind.
Applied art embraces a huge
range of products and items,
from a teapot or chair, a
concert hall, a fountain pen
And many more.
Artistic disciplines that are classified as
applied arts, include:
Industrial design
• It aims to make our lives
easier, to optimize function,
value and appearance guided by
special requierements

• Marrying function with form,

design is as much an art as it is
a part of engineering.
Dieter Rams (closely associated
with Braun)

Sir Jonathan Ive (creator of

many of Apple’s iconic
products)

Richard A. Teague’s work for

the American Motor Company
Graphic design
Graphic design always was used to
convey ideas in a symbolic yet
memorable manner.graphic design has
for the most part remained a practical
method of communication using images,
words, or graphic forms. With the advent
of the internet, it has become one of the
dominant branches of applied arts and an
inseparable part of web development.
Fashion Design
Design as we know it today
started with Charles Frederick
Worth, the first who was able
to dictate style instead of
obey it.
Fashion Design
Influenced by social and cultural
norms and expectations, fashion
has had a temendous impact on
how we see ourselves and
eachother. A creative outlet, it was
also a way to either reinforce or
challenge the status quo. Be it
expensive haute couture or
affordable mass-market, it is
wearable art.
Interior Design
A multifaceted profession, it has to take
into consideration everything from
architectural limits, practical matters
such as health and safety concerns, as
well as purely aesthetic goals to (ideally)
create an environment that is
confortable and pleasant to live
in.Interior design can be applied to
residental and commercial spaces, but
also on temporary structures such as
the theater stage, event design etc.
Decorative Arts
Decorative arts serve a definite purpose
of embelishing everyday objects and
enhancing their functionality. The
practice has been around since the
dawn of time and it encompasses
ceramics, glassware, basketry, jewelry,
metalware, furniture, stained glass,
tapestry, and textiles.Decorative art also
embraces just about any category of
“precious or crafted object” with only
limited practical use
The History of
Applied Arts
Architecture
The first applied art to be practised in a major way was
architecture. From the Egyptian Pyramids, the Ziggurats of
Sumer and the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, to the
precisely organized proportions of Greek temples and the
enduring engineering quality of Roman viaducts and bridges,
architects combine aesthetics with mathematics to design a
functional but pleasing structure.
Commercial Design
Aside from architecture, applied art received its biggest boost from the
growth in commerce during the 19th century, following the Industrial
Revolution. Suddenly, competitive manufacturers and service providers
needed to ensure that their products and services "looked good" as well as
functioned properly. This demand for improved aesthetics led to the
establishment of numerous design schools and courses, from which a new
generation of industrial designers emerged. Later, as the range of products
multiplied, and new printing techniques appeared, they were joined by
fashion designers, graphic designers and most recently computer graphics
designers.