PUMPING SYSTEM

PUMP ENERGY = FRICTION ENERGY + ELEVATION ENERGY

 TYPES OF PUMP
Water Pump
1. Centrifugal
Gear
Sliding vane
2. Positive Diplacement Gasoline
Screw
pump
Peristaltic
Hart
3. Non Mechanical Pump membrane
Jet, air lift dll.

Characteristics PD Pump Centrifugal

Normal volumetric rate Low High
Pressure difference per stage High Low
Fixed Variabel Flow Pressure
Self-priming Yes No
Number of moving parts Many Little
Output Pulse Steady
Working well at high viscosity Yes No
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
 The centrifugal pump works
In the same way as sucking on the straw.

As the engine starts, the impeller turns.

It forces the water out of the pump, and create a partial vacuum.
This allows the atmospheric pressure to push water up,
into the eyes of impeller to replace the displaced water.
2 STAGES PUMP
Multi-Stage
kinetic energy is added to the fluid
by increasing the flow velocity.
This increase in energy is
converted to a gain in potential
energy (pressure) when the
velocity is reduced prior to or as
the flow exits the pump into the
discharge pipe.

This conversion of kinetic energy

to pressure can be explained by
the First law of thermodynamics
or more specifically by Bernoulli's
principle.
AXIAL FLOW PUMP
 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP
Reciprocating-type

pumps work using an expanding cavity on the suction side and

a decreasing cavity on the discharge side. Liquid flows into the
pump as the cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid
flows out of the discharge as the cavity collapses.

positive displacement pumps are "constant flow machines".

A relief or safety valve on the discharge side of the positive

displacement pump is therefore necessary.
 PISTON PUMP

It consists of a cylinder with a reciprocating plunger.

The suction and discharge valves are mounted in the
head of the cylinder.
In the suction stroke the plunger retracts and the
suction valves open causing suction of fluid into the
cylinder.
In the forward stroke the plunger pushes the liquid
out of the discharge valve..
PUMP

Piston Pump
SHALLOW-WELL PISTON PUMP
Diaphragm Pump
Vacuum Pump
Dutch Cruquius Pump
 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT

Linear-type :

causes a fluid to move by trapping a fixed amount of it

and then forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into
the discharge pipe.
Linear-type

A rope, a wheel and a

PVC pipe are sufficient
to make a simple rope
pump. For this reason
they have become
extremely popular
around the world
CHAIN PUMP
Rotary-type
the shape of the internals of this pump usually one screw turning in
cylinder .

screw pumps
 this pump has two screws turning against each other pump the
liquid.
 Gear pumps

It consists of two meshed gears rotating in a closely fitted casing. Fluid is

pumped around the outer periphery by being trapped in the tooth spaces.

It does not travel back on the meshed part, since the teeth mesh closely in the
centre. It is widely used on car engine oil pumps, and also in various hydraulic
power packs
Gear pumps
 Vane Pump

a circular rotor rotating inside of a larger circular cavity.

The centers of the circles is offset, causing eccentricity.
Vanes are allowed to slide into and out of the rotor and seal on all edges,
creating vane chambers that do the pumping work
On the intake side, the vane chambers are increasing in volume, are filled with
fluid forced in by the inlet pressure
 Peristaltic Pump

The fluid is contained within a flexible tube fitted inside a circular

pump casing.
A rotor with a number of "rollers", "shoes" or "wipers" attached to
the external circumference compresses the flexible tube.

As the rotor turns, the part of the tube under compression closes (or
"occludes") thus forcing the fluid to be pumped to move through the
tube.
Additionally, as the tube opens to its natural state after the passing of the cam ("restitution") fluid
flow is induced to the pump. This process is called peristalsis and is used in many biological
systems such as the gastrointestinal tract.
Non mechanical pump
Jet Pump
 Air Lift Pump

air inserted into pipe, pushing up the water, when bubbles

move upward, or on pressure inside pipe pushing water up.
PD PUMP VS Centrifugal PUMP

Characteristics PD Pump Centrifugal

Normal volumetric rate Low High
Pressure difference per stage High Low
Fixed Variabel Flow Pressure
Self-priming Yes No
Number of moving parts Many Little
Output Pulse Steady
Working well at high viscosity Yes No
 Selecting Centrifugal or Positive Displacement Pumps

Centrifugal Positive
Displacement
Flow Rate and flow depending on constant flow
Pressure Head the system pressure regardless of the
or head system pressure
Capacity and the flow is reduced the flow is increased
Viscosity when the viscosity is when viscosity is
increased increased
Mechanical Efficiency has a dramatic effect Changing head has
on the flow rate little or no effect on
the flow rate
Net Positive Suction NPSH varies as a NPSH varies as a
Head - NPSH function of flow function of flow
determined by determined by
pressure speed.
 IMPULSE PUMPS

use pressure created by gas (usually air). In some

impulse pumps the gas trapped in the liquid (usually
water), is released and accumulated somewhere in the
pump, creating a pressure which can push part of the
liquid upwards.
 Ram Pumps

Basic components of a hydraulic

ram:
1. Inlet – drive pipe
2. Free flow at waste valve
3. Outlet – delivery pipe
4. Waste valve
5. Delivery check valve
6. Pressure vessel

A simplified hydraulic ram

initially, the waste valve [4] is open, and the delivery valve [5] is closed.
The water in the drive pipe [1] starts to flow under the force of gravity and picks
up speed and kinetic energy until the increasing drag force shuts the waste
valve.
The momentum of the water flow in the supply pipe causes a water hammer
raises the pressure, opens the delivery valve [5], and forces some water to flow
into the delivery pipe [3].

this water is forced uphill through the delivery pipe farther than it is falling
downhill from the source. when the flow reverses, the delivery check valve
closes.

Then the loaded waste valve reopens against the now static head, which allows
the process to begin again.

A pressure vessel [6] containing air cushions the hydraulic pressure shock when
the waste valve closes, and it also improves the pumping efficiency by allowing a
more constant flow through the delivery pipe

The optimum length of the drive pipe is five to twelve times the vertical distance between
the source and the pump, or 500 to 1000 times the diameter of the delivery pipe,