Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
AA C
AC C C AA
C AABC B B BB CCC
A A
B B AB B B B C CC
AA B C
BC
Sample separated components
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-FLOW DIAGRAM
Flame Gases (H2 & Air)
Flame-
Carrier Gas (N2) Ionization
Detector
(FID)
Flame
Injector Column
(Sample Injection)
Oven
• Packed
Solid particles either porous or non-porous coated with thin (1 m)
film of liquid
1 - 8 mm ID; 1 - 10 m length
Can load upto few hundred g analyte
IMPORTANCE OF TEMPERATURE IN GC ANALYSIS
Injection Port Temperature
Hot enough to vaporize the sample rapidly
Low enough to avoid thermal decomposition or rearrangement of
the sample
Column Temperature
High enough so that analysis is accomplished in reasonable time
Low enough that separation is achieved
Retention time approx. doubles for every 30°C decrease in
temperature
Lower the temperature, higher the ratio of partitioning
coefficients in stationary phase
Temperature programming for effective separation
Detector temperature
Type of detectors – Flame-ionization detectors (FID), Thermal
Conductivity Detector (TCD) etc.
Hot enough to prevent condensation of sample, peak broadening
and loss of component peaks
TCD is more sensitive to temperature than FID
ADVANCEMENTS IN GC
Headspace GC
To detect volatile components in sample
To analyze vapours above the sample (liquid)
Multiple headspace extraction
Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
Detection of residual solvents in pharmaceutical
Study of constituents of essential oil
Determination of fatty acids
GC-MS Process
ANY QUESTIONS