C&D WASTE

MANAGEMENT
RULES

C&DWaste
Management Rule
2016
 Construction and Demolition Waste

Definition:Waste building materials, dredging materials

that are produced
in the process of constructions, remodelling, repair, or
demolition of
residential buildings, commercial buildings and other
structure and
pavements.
More than 50% waste generated worldwide is C&D
Many European countries achieving 90%+ recycling
Other developed countries struggling to improve
Approx. 95% of waste on typical construction sites can be
recycled
C&D waste shouldn’t be disposed of in MSW land fills.
Contribution of ConstructionIndustry

3
 Categorization of the C&D waste

C&D
waste

Inert Non inert

Material Material

Inert material includes: Non- Inert material includes:

 Rock  Plastic
 Concrete  Packaging waste
 Brick  Paint etc.
 Stone
 Earth 4
 Component of ConstructionWaste

 C&D materials often contain bulky, heavy materials suchas:

 Concrete

 Wood (from buildings)

 Asphalt (from roads and roofing shingles)

 Gypsum (the main component of drywall)

 Metals

 Bricks

 Glass

 Plastics

 Salvaged building components (doors, windows, and plumbing fixtures)

 Trees, stumps, earth, and rock from clearing sites

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 Demolition waste characteristics In India

 During old building demolition the major waste isas follows:

 Soil, sand, and gravel accounting for bricks

 Masonry
 Concretes Composition of Indian C&DWaste

 Metal
3%
 Wood 5% Soil, sand, and gravel
6% 26%
 Others Masonry

Concretes
28%
Metals

32% Wood

Others

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 Location wise Variation in Composition...

50

45

40

35
Wood
30 Drywall
25 Masonry
Metal
20 Plastic
Cardboard
15
Other
10

0
Large Metro Small Metro Rural StatewiseAverage

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 City Wise Waste Generation Scenario
City Area POPULATIO No. of ULB C & DWASTE
(Metropolita N (CENSUS Wards / GENERATIO
n region 2011) Zones N (TONNES
km2) PER DAY

Chennai 1189 65,00,000 200/15 Chennai 2500

Municipa
l Corporation
Bengaluru - 26,18,940 100/5 Greater Bengaluru 875
Municipal
Corporation
Mumbai 4355 12,442,373 24/6 Municipal 2500
Corporation of
Greater Mumbai
Kolkata - 4,496,694 144/- Kolkata Municipal 1600
Corporation
Hyderabad ~650 7,674,689 150/- Greater 500
Hyderaba 8

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d Municipal
Present Fate of C&D Waste

Lying on Dumpe
Site d in
Open

Dumped
Sent to
near
Land Fills
River Bed

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Hierarchy of C&D Handling

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 Sustainable Practice

 Plan a separate line of collection and transportation of C&D waste

 Separate storage off C&D waste for different categories of generators

(household,, institutional, infrastructure)

 Processing for better utilization (even fine material can be used asinert
daily cover at sanitary landfill)

 Disposal of only the portion which can not be gainfully used

 A mechanism to identify and locate generators of C&Dwaste

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Comparison Between Dry and WetProcessing

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Recycling Process Flow

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 Different grades of Finished RecycledProducts

Recycled Agg. 10mm Recycled Agg. 20mm Recycled Agg. 40mm Recycled Sand

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Cost Analysis in WasteProcessing

15
 Rate and intended use of the Recycledproducts

Recycled material Current issue Reselling rate

Tiles For landscaping and crude NA

civil works

Bricks Non-structural Building INR 4500/ 1000 bricks

Purpose

Brick Bats Foundation filler material INR 1000/ Truck load

Fixtures Sold as Scrap Scrap iron rate

Scrap Irons Sold as Scrap Scrap iron rate

Wooden items Sold or alternate fuel NA

Plastics Recycling or alternate fuel NA

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 Duties of the wastegenerator

 Amended C&D waste management rule came into implementation on 29th

March 2016.

 Every waste generator is responsible for collection, segregation of

concrete, soil, and others and storage.

 The generator shall ensure that other waste (such as solid waste)
shouldn’t get mixed.

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 Continuation...

 Generating waste more than 20 tons or more in one day or 300 tons per
project in a month shallsegregate:

 Concrete
 soil
 steel
 wood and plastics
 bricks and mortar

 Shall submit waste management plan and get appropriate approvalsfrom

the local authority.

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 Continuation...

 Generator shall keep the waste within the premise or get the waste
deposited at collection centre.

 Shall ensure that there is no littering or deposition to prevent traffic and

drain flow obstruction.

 Generator should pay charges for collection, transportation, processing

and disposal if generating > 20 tons/ day or 300/ project/ month.

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 Duties of Service Provider and theirContractors

 It means authorities who provide services like water, sewerage, electricity,

telephone, roads, drainage etc.

 Authority shall prepare a comprehensive waste management plan

covering segregation, storage, collection, reuse, recycling, transportation
and disposal.

 Authority shall remove all C&D waste, ensure regular cleaning.

 In case of the service providers have no logistics support to carry out the
work specified in sub-rules (1) and (2), they shall tie up with the
authorised agencies.

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 Duties of LocalAuthority

 Issue detailed directions, shall seek detailed plan or undertaking as

applicable, from generator of C&Dwaste.

 Chalk out stages, methodology and equipment, material involved in the

overall activity and final clean up aftercompletion.

 Seek assistance for safe disposal of C&D waste contaminated with

industrial hazardous or toxic material or nuclear waste if any.

 Shall make appropriate arrangements for collection, remove at regular

intervals or when they arefilled.

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 Continuation...

 Shall get the collected waste transported to appropriate sites for

processing and disposal.

 Shall give appropriate incentives to generator for salvaging, processingand

or recycling preferably in-situ.

 Shall examine and sanction the waste management plan within one
month from the date of approval of building plan.

 Shall keep track of the generation of C&D waste within its jurisdiction and
establish a data base and update once in a year.

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 Continuation...

 Shall device appropriate measures for the management of C&D waste and
the recycled products.

 Shall create a sustained system of information, education and

communication for C&Dwaste.

 Shall make provision for giving incentives for use of material made out of
C&D waste.

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 Criteria For Storage, Processing or RecyclingFacilities

 The site for storage and processing or recycling facilities for C&D waste
shall be selected as per the criteria given in ScheduleI

 The operator of the facility as specified in sub- rules (1) shall apply in Form
I for authorization from State Pollution Control Board or Pollution Control
Committee.

 The operator of the facility shall submit the annual report to the State
Pollution Control Board in FormII.

 Application of materials made from C&D waste in operation of sanitary

landfill shall be as per the criteria given inSchedule II.

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 Duties of State Pollution ControlBoard

 SPCBor Pollution Control Committee shall monitor the implementation of

rules by the concerned localbodies.

 Send annual report to the Central Pollution Control Board, State

Government or Union Territory.

 Provide comments and suggestions with respect to any changesrequired.

 Shall grant authorization to C&D waste processing facility in Form-III after

examining the application received in FormI.

 Shall prepare annual report in Form IV with special emphasis on

compliance before the 31st July for each financial year.

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 Duties of State Government or UnionTerritory

 The Secretary in-charge shall prepare policy document for management of

C&D waste in accordance with the provisions of rule within one year.

 The concerned department dealing with land will provide suitable sites for
setting up of thestorage, processing and recycling facilities.

 The Town and Country planning Department shall incorporate the site in
the approved land use plan to ensure zero disturbance on a long term
basis.

 Procurement of materials made from C&D waste shall be made

mandatory (say 10-20%) in municipal and Government contracts.

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 Duties of the Central Pollution ControlBoard

 Prepare operational guidelines related to environmental managementof

C&D waste management.

 Analyze and collate the data received from the SPCBorPollution Control
Committee to review these rules from time to time.

 Coordinate with all the SPCBand Pollution Control Committees for any
matter related to development ofenvironmental standards.

 Forward annual compliance report to Central Government before the 30th

August for each financial year.

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 Duties of Bureau of Indian Standards and Indian Roads Congress

 Bureau of Indian Standards is responsible for preparation of code of

practices and standards for use of recycled materials in construction
activities.

 The role of Indian Road Congress shall be specific to the standards and
practices pertaining to construction ofroads.

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 Duties of the CentralGovernment

 The Ministry of Urban Development, and the Ministry of Rural

Development, Ministry of Panchayat Raj, shall be responsible for
facilitating local bodies in compliance.

 The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change shall be

responsible for reviewing implementation of theserules.

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 Schedule – 1: Criteria for Site Selection

 The State Government dealing with land is responsible for providing

suitable sites for setting up of the storage, processing and recycling
facilities for C&D.

 The Local authority shall co-ordinate with the concerned for giving
necessary approvals and clearances to the operators.

 C&D waste shall be utilized in sanitary landfill preparation for municipal

solid waste.

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 Continuation...
 The processing or recycling shall be large enough to last for20-25 years.

 The site should be away from habitation clusters, forest areas, water
bodies, monuments, National Parks, Wetlands and places of important
cultural, historical or religiousinterest.

 A buffer zone of no development shall be maintained for the facilities

exceeding five Tonnes per day of installed capacity.

 Site shall be fenced or hedged and provided with proper gate to monitor
incoming vehicles or other modes oftransportation.

 The approach and or internal roads shall be concreted or paved to avoid

dust particulate pollution.

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 Continuation...
 Provisions of weigh bridge, fire protection equipment, and Personal
Protective Equipment shall be ensured.

 Utilities such as drinking water and sanitary facilities (preferably washing

for workers) and lighting arrangements should beprovided.

 Safety provisions including health inspections of workers at landfill sites

shall be carried out.

 To prevent pollution from operations, the following provisions shall be

made, namely:
 Provision of storm water drains
 Provision of paved or concreted surface
 Prevention of noise pollution control
 Provision for treatment of effluent if any
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 Continuation...

 Work Zone air quality at the Processing or Recycling site and ambient air
quality at the vicinity shall bemonitored.

 The measurement of ambient noise shall be done at the interface of the

facility with the surroundingarea.

 The following projects shall be exempted from the norms of pollution from
dust and noise where at least 80 percent C&D waste isrecycled.

 A vegetative boundary shall be made around Processing or Recyclingplant

or site to strengthen the buffer zone.

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 Schedule – II: Application of recycled materials
Sl. Parameters
No.
1 Drainage layer in leachate
collection system at bottom of
Sanitary Landfill Gas Collection
Layer above the waste at top of
Sanitary Landfill.
and
Drainage Layer in top Cover
System above Gas Collection
Layer of Sanitary Landfill For
capping of sanitary landfill or
dumpsite, drainage layer at the
top.
Compliance Criteria
•Only crushed and graded hard material
(stone, concrete etc.) shall be used having
coarse sand size graded material (2mm –
4.75mm standard sieve size).
•Since the coarse sand particles will be angular
in shape (and not rounded as for riverbed
sand), protection layers of non-woven geo-
textiles may be provided, wherever required,
to prevent puncturing of adjacent layers or
components.
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 Continuation...

Sl. Parameters Compliance Criteria

No.
2 Daily cover •Fines from C&D processed
waste having size up to 2 mm shall be used for daily cover
over the fresh waste.
•Use of C&D fines as landfill cover shall be mandatory where
such material is available. Fresh soil (sweet earth) shall not be
used for such places and borrow-pits shall not be allowed.
Exception – soil excavated during construction of the same
landfill.
•During hot windy days in summer months, some fugitive dust
problems may arise. These can be minimised by mixing with
local soil wherever available for limited period.
3 Civil Non-structural applications, such as kerb stones,
construction in a drain covers, paving blocks in pedestrian areas.
sanitary landfill

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 Schedule - III
Timeframe for implementation of the provisions of theserules

Sl. Compliance Criteria Cities with Cities with Cities with

No. population of01 populationof populationof
million and 0.5-01 less
above million than 0.5million

1 Formulation of policy by 12 months 12 months 12 months

State
Government
2 Identification of sites for 18 months 18 months 18 months
collection and processing
facility
3 Commissioning and 18 months 18 months 18 months
implementation of the facility

4 Monitoring by SPCBs 3 times a year – 2 times a year – 2 times a year –

once in 4 months once in 6 months once in 6 months
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 FORMS

 Form – 1 : Application for obtaining Authorisation for setting up

processing / recycling facility for C&D waste

 Form - II : Format for issue of Authorisation by SPCBto Operator

 Form - III : Annual Report to be submitted by Local Authority to SPCB

 Form – IV : Annual Report to be submitted by SPCBto CPCB

 Form - V : Accident Reporting

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 Accident Reporting

 Date and time of accident

 Sequence of events leading to accident

 The type of C&D waste involved in accident

 Assessment of the effects of the accidents on traffic, drainage system and

the environment

 Emergency measures taken

 Steps taken to alleviate the effects of accidents

 Steps taken to prevent the recurrence ofsuch an accident

 Regular monthly health check-up of workers

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 Activities which generate C & D waste in cities / towns

 Demolition of existing, old dilapidated structures

 Renovation of existing buildings (residential orcommercial)

 Construction of new buildings (residential or commercial or hotel etc.)

 Excavation/ reconstruction of asphalt/ concreteroads

 Construction of new fly over bridges/ under bridges/ sub-ways etc.

 Renovation/ Installation of new water/ telephone/ internet/ sewer pipe

lines etc.

 Present collection and disposal system

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 Miscellaneous...

 Thumb rule of waste generation as per Technology Information,

Forecasting and Assessment Council:

 Range 40-60 kg per sq.m of new construction

 Range 40-50 kg per sq.m of building repair
 Range 300-500 kg per sq.m for demolition of buildings

 The FIVE categories of existing C& D waste quantification methodologies:

 Site visit method

 Waste generation rate method
 Lifetime analysis method
 Classification system accumulation method
 Variables modelling method

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 Additional Information Attributed to Recycling

 Setback distances or buffer zone distance (may be 3km)

 No industrial waste shall be accepted at the C& D facility unless otherwise

approval received from concernedauthority.

 C& D waste processing facility has been treated as an “ORANGE” category

project by Delhi Pollution Control Committee(DPCC)

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Recycling Activity at VijayawadaPlant

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 Hyderabad Scenario
 Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation has decided to collect debris
fee from residents in advance for disposing of waste generated from C&D
of buildings.

 The Corporation will collect 20% from the building permissionfee.

 The debris to be transported to recycling plants in vehicles maintained by

the civic body.

 It will get dumped at the recycling plants suppose to come up at

Jeedimetla and Fathullaguda.

 Hyderabad happens to be the fourth city after Delhi, Nagpur, and

Ahmedabad to set up a C&D waste recycling plant.

 Every day, nearly 450 metric tonnes of C&D waste is generated in the city 43
 Existing Application of RecycledProducts

Stadium in brazil where the 2016 Olympics were held is made up of 70

percent recycled building material.

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GROW IN A SUSTAINABLE WAY