Situational

Leadership

"Only those who dare to fail greatly can ever

achieve greatly.”
JFK
 Overview

 Directive and Supportive Behavior

 Leadership Variables
 Situational Leadership II Model
Directive & Supportive Behavior
 Directive/Task Behavior
Involves:
 Clearly Telling People
• What to Do

• How to Do It

• Where to Do It

• When to Do It

 And Then Closely Supervising Their Performance

 Supportive/Relationship
Behavior
Involves:
 Listening to People
 Providing Support and Encouraging Their
Efforts
 Facilitating Their Involvement in
 Problem Solving and Decision Making
Leadership Variables
 Leadership Variables

 Follower
 Boss
 Associates/Peers
 Organization
 Job Demands
 Time
 Interim Summary

•Directive/Supportive Behavior

•Leadership Variables
Situational Leadership Model
(High) THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES
S High Supportive and High Directive and
U Low Directive High Supportive
P Behavior Behavior
P
O
R
T
I
V S3 S2
E

B
E
S4 S1
H
A
V
I
O Low Supportive and High Directive and
R Low Directive Low Supportive
Behavior Behavior

(Low) DIRECTIVE BEHAVIOR (High)

HIGH MODERATE LOW

D4 D3 D2 D1
DEVELOPED DEVELOPING

DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF FOLLOWER(S) 8

 Subordinate’s
Development Level

 Competence: Task, Knowledge and

Skills

 Commitment: Motivation and Confidence

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 Levels of Development

 D1 - “Enthusiastic Beginner”

 D2 - “Disillusioned Learner”

 D3 - “Reluctant Contributor”

 D4 - “Peak Performer”

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 Levels of Development
D1
Low Competence, High Commitment

“Enthusiastic Beginner”
 Levels of Development
D2
Some Competence, Low Commitment

“Disillusioned Learner”
Levels of Development
D3
Moderate to High Competence,
Variable Commitment

“Reluctant Contributor”
 Levels of Development
D4
High Competence, High Commitment

“Peak Performer”
 Levels of Development
 D1 - Low Competence, High Commitment “Enthusiastic
Beginner”

 D2 - Some Competence, Low Commitment

“Disillusioned Learner”

 D3 - Moderate to High Competence, Variable

Commitment “Reluctant Contributor”

 D4 - High Competence, High Commitment “Peak

Performer”

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Development Level
is
Task Specific!
(High) THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES
S High Supportive and High Directive and
U Low Directive High Supportive
P Behavior Behavior
P
O
R
T
I
V S3 S2
E

B
E
S4 S1
H
A
V
I
O Low Supportive and High Directive and
R Low Directive Low Supportive
Behavior Behavior

(Low) DIRECTIVE BEHAVIOR (High)

HIGH MODERATE LOW

D4 D3 D2 D1
DEVELOPED DEVELOPING
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DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF FOLLOWER(S)
 Directing

 High Directive, Low Supportive

 Leader Defines Roles of Followers
 Problem Solving and Decision Making
Initiated by the Leader
 One-way Communication

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(High) THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES
S High Supportive and High Directive and
U Low Directive High Supportive
P Behavior Behavior
P
O
R
T
I
V S3 S2
E

B
E
S4 S1
H
A
V
I
O Low Supportive and High Directive and
R Low Directive Low Supportive
Behavior Behavior

(Low) DIRECTIVE BEHAVIOR (High)

HIGH MODERATE LOW

D4 D3 D2 D1
DEVELOPED DEVELOPING
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DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF FOLLOWER(S)
 Coaching
 High Directive, High Supportive
 Leader Now Attempts to Hear Followers
Suggestions, Ideas, and Opinions
 Two-way Communication
 Control Over Decision Making Remains With
the Leader

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(High) THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES
S High Supportive and High Directive and
U Low Directive High Supportive
P Behavior Behavior
P
O
R
T
I
V S3 S2
E

B
E
S4 S1
H
A
V
I
O Low Supportive and High Directive and
R Low Directive Low Supportive
Behavior Behavior

(Low) DIRECTIVE BEHAVIOR (High)

HIGH MODERATE LOW

D4 D3 D2 D1
DEVELOPED DEVELOPING
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DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF FOLLOWER(S)
 Supporting
 High Supportive, Low Directive
 Focus of Control Shifts to Follower
 Leader Actively Listens
 Follower Has Ability and Knowledge to
Do the Task

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(High) THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES
S High Supportive and High Directive and
U Low Directive High Supportive
P Behavior Behavior
P
O
R
T
I
V S3 S2
E

B
E
S4 S1
H
A
V
I
O Low Supportive and High Directive and
R Low Directive Low Supportive
Behavior Behavior

(Low) DIRECTIVE BEHAVIOR (High)

HIGH MODERATE LOW

D4 D3 D2 D1
DEVELOPED DEVELOPING
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DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF FOLLOWER(S)
 Delegating
 Low Supportive, Low Directive
 Leader Discusses Problems With Followers
 Seeks Joint Agreement on Problem
Definitions
 Decision Making Is Handled by the
Subordinate
 They “Run Their Own Show”

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(High) THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES
S High Supportive and High Directive and
U Low Directive High Supportive
P Behavior Behavior
P
O
R
T
I
V S3 S2
E

B
E
S4 S1
H
A
V
I
O Low Supportive and High Directive and
R Low Directive Low Supportive
Behavior Behavior

(Low) DIRECTIVE BEHAVIOR (High)

HIGH MODERATE LOW

D4 D3 D2 D1
DEVELOPED DEVELOPING
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DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF FOLLOWER(S)
What Happens If We Have a
Mismatch of Leadership
Style With Development
Level?
 Increasing Follower
Development Level
 Tell Them What You Want Them to Do
 Show Them What You Want Them to Do
 Let Them Try - There Is Some Risk
 Observe Performance - Focus on the
Positive
 Manage the Consequences
 Five Step to Training
Winners
 Tell Them What You Want to Do
 Show Them What You Want to Do
 Let Them Try – There is Some Risk
 Observe Performance – Focus on the
Positive
 Manage the Consequences
 The Leader’s Goal

Build Your Follower’s Development Level So You

Can Start Using Less Time-consuming Styles
(S3 and S4) and Still Get High Quality Results.
Situational Leadership is not something
you do “TO” people but something you do
“WITH” people.
 SUMMARY

 Directive and Supportive Behavior

 Leadership Variables
 Situational Leadership II Model

"Opportunity is missed by most people because it is

dressed in overalls and looks like work." -- Thomas Edison
"Washington [D.C.] is a city of Southern
efficiency and Northern charm."
JFK

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