CONCRETE

MIX DESIGN

Presented By:
Domie T. Sibal, Jr
 Concrete Mix Design
 Concrete Mix Design or proportioning is the determination of the
most economical and practicable combination of available
materials:
 aggregates,
 cement, Raw mats
 water and
 admixtures;
 that will produce a mixture having a degree of
 workability,
 consistency, Fresh stage
 plasticity and
 finishibility
 and the ability to develop
 strength,
 durability, Hardening stage
 water tightness
 Concrete Mix Design

 Information required before proportioning:

1.Specific design for given structure and
its uses;
 Exposed to elements
 Climatic changes
 Exposed to water or sulfate attack
 Reinforcement detail (spacing of rebars)
 Mass concrete
Concrete Mix Design

2.Test data of materials

 Specific gravity
 absorption
 Moisture content
 grading
 Particle shape
 Fineness modulus
 Dry rodded unit weight
 Concrete Mix Design

 Knowledge Required

 The influence of the water-cement ratio on

the strength, durability and other
characteristics of the concrete
 Steps in Designing Concrete

I. CHOICE OF SLUMP -
A mold in the form of a
frustum of a cone
12” high, base diameter
8”, top diameter 4” is
filled with the freshly-
mixed concrete in three
layers; each layer being
rodded with a 5/8”,
bullet-pointed rod 25
times. When filled, the
top is struck off and the
mold lifted. The amount
of Settlement when the
mold is removed is termed
the slump. A small slump
indicates stiff consistency
and a big slump a very
wet consistency.
 Steps in Designing Concrete

II. CHOICE OF MAXIMUM SIZE OF AGGREGATES

- Large Maximum Sizes of well-graded
aggregates have less voids than smaller
sizes, Hence, concrete with larger size
aggregates require less mortar per unit
volume of concrete. The maximum size of
aggregate should be the largest economically
available and consistent with the dimensions
of the structure.
 Concrete Mix Design

III. ESTIMATION OF MIXING WATER

AND AIR CONTENT.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE AMOUNT OF MIXING

WATER

1. Maximum Size of Aggregates

2. Particle Shape
3. Grading of Aggregates
4. Amount of Entrained Air
 Steps in Designing Concrete

IV. SELECTION OF WATER-CEMENT RATIO

The required water-cement ratio is determined

not only by strength requirements but also by
factors such as durability and finishing
characteristics. Since different aggregates and
cement generally produce different strengths at
the same water-cement ratio, it is highly desirable
to have or develop the relationship between
strength and water-cement ratio for the materials
to be actually used. However, in the absence of
such data, approximate and relatively
conservative values for concrete containing, type
one Portland Cement can be seen in Table III.
 Steps in Designing Concrete

V. CALCULATION OF CEMENT CONTENT -

The amount of cement per unit volume of
concrete is fixed by the determinations
made in steps III and IV.

Cement = Est. Mixing Water .

Approx. Water-Cement Ratio
 Steps in Designing Concrete

VI. ESTIMATION OF COARSE AGGREGATE

CONTENT

Aggregates of essentially the same

maximum size and grading will produce
concrete of satisfactory workability when
a given volume of coarse aggregate on a
dry rodded basis is used per unit volume
of concrete –(the principle of b/bo)
 Steps in Designing Concrete

VII. ESTIMATION OF FINE AGGREGATE CONTENT

At the end of step IV, all ingredients of the concrete have been
estimated except the fine aggregate. Either of two procedures may be
employed.

1. Weight Method – if the weight of the concrete per unit

volume is assumed or can be estimated from experience, the required
weight of fine aggregate is simply the difference between the weight
of the fresh concrete and the weight of the total ingredients.

2. Absolute Volume Method – the weight divided by the density

of the material in a unit volume of concrete. For a one cu.m. of concrete
less the absolute volumes of each ingredient including air will result
in the absolute volume of fine aggregate. By multiplying this by its
specific gravity and the specific gravity of water, we will arrive at the
corresponding weight of fine aggregate in the concrete
mixture.
 Steps in Designing Concrete
VIII. ADJUSTMENTS FOR AGGREGATE MOISTURE
The aggregate quantities actually to be weighed out for the
concrete must allow for moisture in the aggregates.
Generally, the aggregates will be moist and their dry weights
should be increased by the percentage of water they
contain both absorbed on surface. The mixing water added
to the batch must be reduced by an amount equal to the
free moisture contributed by the aggregate.

Air Dry Oven Dry SSD Saturated Wet

Surface Dry
 Design mix calculations

EXAMPLE :

Required : Strength = 250 kg/cm²(3500 psi)

Non air entrained
Slump = 8 – 10 cm.
Given : Max. Size of C.A. = 40.0 mm = 1 ½”
Design mix calculations

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AGGREGATES

Specific Gravity Dry Rodded Unit Wt.

Size Absorption Fineness

37.5 mm 2.82 0.75 - 1748 kg/cu.m

19.0 mm 2.80 1.12 - 1621 kg/cu.m.
Fine Agg. 2.60 3.50 2.85 1586 kg/cu.m.
Design mix calculations

GRADATION OF COARSE AGGREGATES

Cumulative % Passing ASTM Item # 4 Cumulative % ASTM Item #

Sieve Size 40.0mm Max. Size Aggregate Specs Passing 25.0 mm 67 Specs
Number Max. Size C.A.

2” 100 100 - -
1 ½” 100 90-100 - -
1” 35 20-55 100 100
¾” 5 0-15 100 90-100
3/8” 0 0-5 40 20-55
#4 - - 5 0-10
#8 - - 1 0-5
Design mix calculations
 Design mix calculations
STEP 1 Slump = 8 – 10 cm.(4-5 inches)

STEP II Max. Size of C.A. = 40.0 MM (1 ½)

STEP III Non-air entrained; from Table 5.3.3

For 40mm max. size C.A. & Slump of 8-10

STEP IV From Tables 5.3.4 (1) and Tables 2 & Table A2

Assume : Standard of Concrete Control = Good or a

coefficient of Variation = 10 – 15% say 15%.

To attain a 15% Coefficient of Variation of Quality

Control,the equivalent over design factor is 1.24

 Design mix calculations
Table A1.5.3.3 APPROXIMATE MIXING WATER REQUIREMENTS FOR DIFFERENT SLUMPS AND
MAXIMUM SIZES OF AGGREGATES (METRIC)

Water,kg/m³ of concrete for indicated maximum

sizes of aggregates in mm
Slump
10 12.5 20 25 40 50 70 150
cm
NON AIR-ENTRAINED CONCRETE
3 to 5 205 200 185 180 155 160 145 125
8 to10 225 215 200 195 170 170 160 140
15 to 18 240 230 210 205 180 180 170 -

Approx. amount of
entrapped air in non-
3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0.3 0.2
air entrained conc.,
%
AIR-ENTRAINED CONCRETE
3 to 5 180 175 165 160 145 140 135 120
8 to 19 200 190 180 175 160 155 150 135
15to 18 215 215 190 185 170 165 160 -
Recommended
ave.total air 8 7 6 5 4.5 4 3.5 3
content,%
 Design mix calculations

TABLE A1.5.3.4 (a)

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER-CEMENT RATIO AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
OF CONCRETE (METRIC)

Water-Cement Ratio, by weight

Compressive Strength @
28 Days, kgf/cm² Non-air-entrained
Air-entrained concrete
concrete
550 0.28 -
500 0.35 -
450 0.38 -
400 0.43 -
350 0.48 0.40
300 0.55 0.46
250 0.62 0.53
200 0.70 0.61
150 0.80 0.71
Design mix calculations
TABLE A2 STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS
Strength Requirements for limiting failures to 10%

Required Required average strength for design

Coefficient of strength of:
overdesign
Variation
factor 3000 4000 5000
5 1.07 3210 4270 5340
10 1.15 3440 4590 5740
15 1.24 3720 4960 6200
20 1.34 4030 5380 6720
25 1.47 4420 5890 7360
Strength Requirements for limiting failures to 20%

Required Required average strength for design

Coefficient of strength of:
overdesign
Variation
factor 3000 4000 5000
5 1.04 3130 4180 5220
10 1.09 3280 4370 5460
15 1.14 3430 4580 5720
20 1.20 3610 4810 6010
25 1.27 3800 5070 6330
Design mix calculations
So, 250 kgf/cm² x 1.24 = 310 kgf/cm²

From the Tables 5.3.4 (1) by Interpolation Water Cement Ratio

40 350 – 0.48 x – 0.48

50 310 – x 0.07
300- 0.55

40 = X – 0.48
50 0.07

x = 0.536 – w/c Ratio

 Design mix calculations

STEP V Cement Content - 175 kg/m³ = 326.5 kgs/m³

0.536

or 8.16 bags/cu.m.
 Design mix calculations
 TABLE A1.5.3.6 VOLUME OF COARSE AGGREGATE PER UNIT OF VOLUME OF CONCRETE
(METRIC)

Max. Size of Volume Of dry-rodded coarse agg. Per unit vol. Of

Aggregates, concrete for different fineness moduli of sand
mm
2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00
10 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.44
12.5 0.59 0.57 0.55 0.53
20 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.60
25 0.71 0.69 0.67 0.65
40 0.76 0.74 0.72 0.70
50 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.72
70 0.81 0.79 0.77 0.75
150 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.81
 Design mix calculations

STEP VI For a Fine Aggregate having a fineness Modulus of 2.85 and by

Interpolation b/bo (Volume of Dry Rodded Coarse Aggregate

0.05 2.80- 0.72 0.72-x

0.2 0.02
2.85- x
3.00- 0.70

0.05 0.72 -x
=
0.2 0.02

x = 0.715

Required Dry Rodded Weight of C.A = [0.50 (1748) + (0.50) 1621] 0.715

= 1204 kgs/m³
 Design mix calculations

STEP VII a. Weight Method

Water = 175 Total = 1705.5kgs

Cement = 326.5

Coarse Agg.;40mm = 602

20mm = 602

Fine Aggregate = From Tables 5.3.7.1 = 2420

2420 – 1705.5 = 714.5 kgs.
Design mix calculations
TABLE A1.5.3.7.1
FIRST ESTIMATE OF WEIGHT OF FRESH CONCRETE (METRIC)

First Estimate of concrete

Max. Size of weight, kg/m³
Aggregates,
mm Non-air-
Air -Entrained
entrained

10 2285 2190
12.5 2315 2235
20 2355 2280
25 2375 2315
40 2420 2355
50 2445 2375
70 2465 2400
150 2505 2435
 Design mix calculations

b. Absolute Volume Method

Water – 175 = 0.175 m³
1000
=0.1037 m³
Cement _ 326.5
3.15 x 1000

C.A. 40.0 mm Max. Size = 1204

=0.4281m³
0.5(2.82) + 0.5 (2.81)]x 1000

Air (From Table 5.3.3) = 0.01 (1) = 0.01 m³

Total = 0.717 m³
Sand = 1.000 – 0.717 = 0.283 m³

Wt. Of Sand = 0.283 x 2.6 x 1000 = 736 kgs.

Design mix calculations

Materials Wt. Method Abs. Vol. Method

Water (Net Mixing) 175 175

Cement 326.5 326.5
Coarse Agg. 1204 1204
Sand 714.5 736
 Design mix calculations

STEP VIII Test indicate the following:

M.C. of F.A. = 6.0%

M.C. of C.A. = 40mm = 1.20%
20 mm = 1.50%
Coarse Aggregates= 602 x 1.012 = 609 kgs -40 mm
602 x 1.015 = 611 kgs -20 mm
Fine Aggregates = 736 x 1.060 = 780 kgs.

Free Moisture of Aggregates

F.A. 6 – 3.5 = 2.5%

C.A. 1.2 –0.75 = 0.45%
1.5 – 1.12 = 0.38%

Water = 175 –602 (0.0048) – 602 (0.0038) –736 (0.025)

= 151.6 kgs.
 Design mix calculations
 Estimated Batch Weights cu.m.

Water = 151.6 kgs.

Cement = 326.5 kgs.
C.A. 40 mm (wet) = 609 kgs.
20 mm (wet) = 611 kgs.
Sand (Wet) = 780 kgs.

Total = 2478.1 kgs.

Thank you