Presentation

on
An Introduction to Mass Transfer

Presented by
Animesh Borgohain
PG 2nd Sem
Roll No:- ME-PG 18/14
ASTU Roll No:- : 180620002002
Mechanical Engineering, Assam Engineering College
Presentation Flowchart

 Introduction
 Mass Transfer
 Mass Transfer Operations
 Mass Transfer Operations in Industrial Processes
 Conclusion
 References

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Introduction
 A number of processes requires separation of a substance into its constituents either physically or
chemically.
 Examples of physical separation are filtration of solid from a suspension of liquid, classification of
a solid into fractions of different particle size by screening, or separation of particles of a ground
solid according to their density.
 Examples of chemical separation includes extraction of metals from ores, burning of wax to
generate water and carbon dioxide.

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What is Mass Transfer?

 Net Movement of component from one location to another due to difference in concentration or
partial pressure.
 Mass transfer operations depend on molecules diffusing from one distinct phase to another and are
based upon differences in the physical-chemical properties of the molecules, such as vapour
pressure , solubility, diffusivity, concentration, activity etc.
 Some common examples of mass transfer includes:-
a) Lump of sugar added to a cup of tea.
b) Drying of clothes under the sun.
c) Fragrance of incense sticks.

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What are Mass Transfer Operations?

 The term ‘operation’ has two aspects:-

i. In engineering, operation may involve many individual processes or steps.
ii. Each step or process has a common general scientific principle.

 A group of operations for separating the components of mixtures is based on the transfer of
material from one homogeneous phase to another. These operations individually are called mass
transfer operations.

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Mass Transfer Operations in Industrial Processes

 Mass transfer operations plays an important role in many

industrial processes.
 These operations include techniques like gas absorption
and stripping, liquid-liquid extraction, leaching,
distillation, drying and evaporation and a number of
other separation techniques.
 Absorption is a process of transfer of material from gas
phase to liquid phase. Here the gas is absorbed by means
of a liquid. For eg:- Separation of CO2 from Flue Gases.
 Stripping is the separation of gas solute from the liquid
phase. For eg:- Separation of ammonia from an air-
ammonia mixture by means of water.
Fig 1:- Gas Absorption Process

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Fig 2:- Liquid-Liquid Extraction Process
Fig 3:- Distillation Process
 Liquid-Liquid Extraction is the separation of the
constituents of a liquid solution by contact with another
insoluble liquid. For eg:-the separation of aromatics from
kerosene based fuel oils, the production of fuels in the
nuclear industry and the separation of penicillin from
fermentation.
 Leaching is the treatment of finely divided solid with a
liquid. For eg:- oilseed extraction, extraction of sugar
beets with hot water and extraction of medicinal
compounds from plant roots, leaves and stems.
 Distillation is an operation by which a liquid mixture of
miscible and volatile substances is separated into
individual components or into group of components by
partial vaporization. For eg:- separation of a mixture of
methanol and water into its components, separation of
petroleum crude into gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil and
lubricating stock.
 Drying & Evaporation:- Drying refers to removal of
relatively small amount of water or other liquid from a
solid material whereas evaporation refers to the removal
of relatively large amount of water from solutions.
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Conclusion

 A brief idea of mass transfer and mass transfer operations have been presented in this presentation.
 The various applications of mass transfer operations in industrial processes have also been
discussed.

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References
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/103103035/1
 Mass Transfer Operations by Robert E Treybal

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THANK YOU

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