Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1. Camera
2. Light and Infrared Sensors
Sound Sensors
The Common Sound Sensors are
1. Microphone
Temperature and Humidity
Heartbeat Sensor
LDR
LED
Why Light Sensors are
Used
A Very common
objective in the
modern competition
robots is to follow a
white line on a black
background
Making the Potential
Divider
LDR
Now, if the resistance of the LDR varies,
the output voltage of the potential divider
FIXED RESISTANCE
also changes
+
What to do next
It is clear that the output of the potential divider is
an analog voltage. But Microcontroller does not
accept the analog voltage. So we need to convert
the analog voltage to digital before we feed it to
the microcontroller.
2. ADCs
Comparators
COMPARATOR LM339
+
V+ V0 V0 = High when V+ > V-
V0 = Low when V+ < V-
-
V-
Comparators
COMPARATOR LM339
+
V(LDR) V0
-
V( REF)
V(LDR)= LDR output Voltage
V( REF) = To be set by a potentiometer
Setting the V(Ref)
Rotating the
potentiometer 22
times give the full
swipe of the
resistance range.
Connection of LDRs
POTENTIOMETER
+ 5V
Ω
RESISTIVE DIVIDER
LDR
COMPARATOR
+ LM339
OUTPUT
-
FIXED RESISTANCE
5V +
Checking the Resistance
V+ + HIGH
V+ > V-
V- - 0V
Function of Comparator
V+ + LOW
V+ < V-
V- - 0V
Function of Comparator
+ 5V
V+ + HIGH
V+ > V-
V- - 5V
Drawbacks of LDR
Ambient interference is
negligible
How to position IR sensor
EMITTER DETECTOR
0.5cm
IR connections
+ +
10 K OHMS
100
OHM
S
+
IR SENSOR ARRAY