MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

Influence of informatics in
Construction Industry
- Big Data, Cloud Collaboration, Information Management,
Modelling, Simulation, 3D Printing

INTRODUCTION
GROUP NAME: Abhilash, INFLUENCE OF INFORMATICS IN
Assignment -2
Sneha, Banupriya, Kavya CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Sem 8 A, B.Arch,15ARC 8.2
 Big Data

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

Introduction
• In the construction industry big data refers to the huge quantities of information
that have been stored in the past and that continue to be acquired today.
• Big data can come from people, computers, machines, sensors, and any other
data-generating device or agent.
• Construction and building big data already exists in all the plans and records of
anything that was ever built.
The Value of Data
• Traditional information systems are good at recording basic information about
project schedules, CAD designs, costs, invoices, and employee details.
• The main reason for gathering big data is to gain more insights and make
better decisions in construction management by not only accessing
significantly more data but by properly analyzing it to draw practical building
project conclusions.

INTRODUCTION
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Assignment -2
Sneha, Banupriya, Kavya CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
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 MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII
INTRODUCTION
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Sneha, Banupriya, Kavya CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Sem 8 A, B.Arch,15ARC 8.2
Usage of Big Data in construction industry

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

Design:
• Big data, including building design and modeling itself, environmental data,
stakeholder input, and social media discussions, can be used to determine not only
what to build, but also where to build it.
• Historical big data can be analyzed to pick out patterns and probabilities of
construction risks to take new3 projects towards success and away from failures.
Build:
• Big data from weather, traffic, and community and business activity can be
analyzed to determine optimal phasing of construction activities.
Operate:
• Big data from sensors built into buildings, bridges and any other construction
makes it possible to monitor each one at many levels of performance.
• Energy conservation in malls, office blocks and other buildings can be tracked
to ensure it conforms to design goals.

INTRODUCTION
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 Cloud Collaboration

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

INTRODUCTION
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 Cloud Collaboration

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

• Access to cloud information also means employees can work from anywhere, from
nearly any device.
• In construction industry, where teams are always visiting new job sites far from an
office, the cloud is a huge convenience.
• Contractors are generally working with other teams to complete a project or job,
which means the accurate and real-time sharing of documentation and processes
is necessary.
• Cloud computing makes this a possibility, eliminating the need to email or upload
various document versions between groups.
• In 2017, over 87 percent of the construction industry revealed they felt open to
deploying cloud-hosted software for future projects.

INTRODUCTION
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Merits of Cloud Collaboration

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

• Powerful Data Processing - Processing data in the cloud is the only practical way to
get the most powerful insights available to construction.
• Data Storage - With physical storage, your data is easily subject to loss, damage, or
theft. It's also inaccessible without the hardware. With cloud storage, your data is
secure, unlimited, and accessible from anywhere.
• Easy Sharing - Every construction project has a large amount of stakeholders and
sharing data across all these parties is often exceedingly time consuming. Cloud
collaboration makes sharing simple by providing Realtime communication and
collaboration capabilities.

Demerits of Cloud Collaboration

• Security - High-profile data breaches that have happened from the hackers cause
huge data loss.
• Downtime - It's rare, but even the best servers go down. Fortunately, it’s
temporary, and the outages typically do not last very long.

INTRODUCTION
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 MODELING TYPES:
DESCRIPTIVE:HISTORY

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

2D SOLUTIONS-1960'S
(ELECTRONIC DRAFTING BOARD.THE
FIRST CAD SOFTWARE WAS
DEVELOPED BY IVAN SUTHERLAND
'SKETCHPAD
1990'S
3D SOLUTIONS- 1970'S (MODELS
1980'S
FOR PURELY VISUALIZATION
PURPOSES. NURBS,PADL, AUTOCAD)

1970'S
BIM SOLUTIONS- 1980'S (
INVENTOR PROF. CHUCK EASTMAN ,
PROGRAMS SUCH AS ARCHICAD
AND ARCHITRION)
1960-70'S

CONSTRUCTION
COORDINATION(5D)-2011
(TIMING / SCHEDULING AND COST
ESTIMATION.

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 1. EVALUATION - 2D CAD

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

→
BENEFITS:
 COMPARED TO HAND DRAFTING-
 FASTER MODIFICATIONS
 ACCURACY
 SMART DRAFTING TOOLS(FILLS, DIMENSIONS)
 REPETITIVE ELEMETS( BLOCKS)
 COMPARED TO OTHER CAD METHODS-
 EASY TO UNDERSTAND CONCEPT( ELECTRONIC DRAFTING)
 RELATIVELY SMALL FILES DUE TO REDUCED DATA
 QUICK (BUT LESS INTELLIGENT)
DRAWBACKS :
 CHANGES ON ONE DRAWING DOESN'T
INFLUENCE OTHER DRAWINGS
 DRAWING COORDINATON IS ESSTENTIAL
 NO MORE CONTENT COMPARED TO HAND
DRAFTING
 COLLISIONS AND OTHER DESIGN PROBLEMS
ARE DIFFICULT TO IDENTIFY

SOFTWARE: AUTOCAD LT,

SKETCHBOOK, LIBRECAD ETC.

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 2. EVALUATION - 3D CAD PROJECT FILE

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

BENEFITS:
 COMPARED TO 2D CAD-
 EASIER CHECKING OF PLANNING ERRORS DRAWINGS
 MANAGING CHANGES IS EASIER



VISUALIZATION AND CALCULATION
COMPARED TO BIM-
USERS MAY WORK PURELY IN 2D IF THEY WISH
↓ MANUAL OR
AUTOMATIC UPDATE

 SMALLER FILE SIZE

 EASIER TO MODEL COMPLEX GEOMETRIES

DRAWBACKS ( COMPARED TO BIM)-

 CONCEPT DOESN'T FOLLOW THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PROCESS
 DOCUMENTATION IS NOT FULLY AUTOMATIC
 NE-ARCHITECTURAL CONTENT LIKE BIM IN BIM APPLICATIONS

3D MODEL
SOFTWARE TOOL: TINKERCAD, AUTOCAD, FREECAD ETC.
INTRODUCTION
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3. THE BIM CONCEPT

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

 BIM- BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING
 ALSO KNOWN AS “VIRTUAL BUILDING OR
BUILDING SIMULATION.”
 DRAWINGS, BUILDING VIEWS, VISUALIZATIONS,
CALCULATIONS AND QUANTITY TAKE-OFFS ARE
AUTOMATICALLY DERIVED FROM THE 3D
MODEL.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CAD AND BIM COMMUNICATION AND KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE

INTRODUCTION
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BENEFITS: DRAWBACKS:
 COMPARED TO 2D AND 3D CAD  HIGHER TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

 ELEMENTS HAVE ARCHITECTURAL MEANING
 CHANGES ON ONE DRAWING HAVE INFLUENCE ON ALL
OTHERS
 RICH VISUALIZATION CONTENT
( ANIMATION, SUN STUDIES, RENDERINGS)
 CONNECTION TO STRUCTURAL, ENERGY
CALCULATION, COLLISION DETECTION ETC.
 MIGHT BE DIFFICULT TO LEARN THE BIM(FOR
PEOPLE WHO WERE PREVIOUSLY 2D USERS)
 MIGHT BE MORE PROBLEM TO HANDLE COMPLEX
GEOMETRY ( EG FREEFORM STRUCTURES) THEN
IN 3D AND 2D CAD.

APPLICATION:

BIM WORKFLOW

SUN SHADOW

INTRODUCTION
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BIM TOOL:

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

 AUTODESK  BENTLY  GRAPHISOFT  GOOGLE
 REVIT  BENTLY ARCHITECTURE  ARCHICAD  SKETCHUP
 AUTOCAD  RAM STEEL
 NAVISWORKS

INTRODUCTION
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CASE STUDY: CHENNAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT EXPANSION PROJECT

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

DESIGNER:
FREDERIC SCHWARTZ ARCHITECTS (USA)
HARGREAVES ASSOCIATES (USA)
GENSLERN (USA)
CREATIVE GROUP (INDIA)
YUGASOFT (INDIA)

 MODERNIZATION PROJECT IN TIRUSULAM, 7KM SOUTH OF CHENNAI, INDIA.

 DESIGN - TO - FABRICATION STEEL PROJECT
 TEKLA BIM SOFTWARE
 DRAMATIC, HOVERING FREE - SPAN AND WINGLIKE ROOF STRUCTURES, WHICH ARE OVER 300 METERS
LONG, FOLD DOWNWARD TO FORM GARDEN WALLS.
 TEKLA BIM AWARDS STEEL WINNER-2010 FOR THE BEST STEEL PROJECT
 USE OF BIM REDUCED THE MATERIAL WASTAGE BY 3.5 TO 4% AND INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY BY MORE
THAN 30%

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CONCLUSION:

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

 INDUSTRY NEEDS TO ESTABLISH A CLEAR BEST PRACTICE WITH BIM.
 THE INTRODUCTION OF BIM IS NOT ABOUT THE ADOPTION OF ANY SOFTWARE; IT IS PROBABLY THE
MOST SIGNIFICANT OPERATIONAL CHANGE PROCESS WILL EVER MAKE

REFERENCE:

https://vulcanSmartServices/building-information-modeling-bim-48320625
https://adilahmadkhan/bim-comp-68394805
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/alikatkhada/introduction-to-building-information-modeling
case study: https://www.tekla.com/in/references/chennai-airport-expansion

INTRODUCTION
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 Simulation

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

Discription:
• A simulation is the imitation(duplication) of the operation of real-world process or
system over time.
• A simulation is an approximate imitation of the operation of a process or system
• the act of simulating first requires a model is developed. This model is a well-
defined description of the simulated subject, and represents its key characteristics,
such as its behaviour, functions and abstract or physical properties.
• The model represents the system itself, whereas the simulation represents its
operation over time.
• The behaviour of a system that evolves over time is studied by developing a
simulation model.
• History: simulations used in different fields developed largely independently, but
20th-century studies of systems theory and cybernetics combined with spreading
use of computers across all those fields have led to some unification and a more
systematic view of the concept.

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Classification of simulation:
• Physical simulation : refers to simulation in which physical objects are substituted for the real

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

thing (some circles use the term for computer simulations modelling selected laws of physics, but
this article does not). These physical objects are often chosen because they are smaller or cheaper
than the actual object or system.
• Interactive simulation: is a special kind of physical simulation, often referred to as a human in the
loop simulation, in which physical simulations include human operators, such as in a flight
simulator, sailing simulator, or a driving simulator.
• Continuous simulation: is a simulation where time evolves continuously based on numerical
integration of Differential Equations.
• Discrete Event Simulation is a simulation where time evolves along events that represent critical
moments, while the values of the variables are not relevant between two of them or result trivial to
be computed in case of necessity.
• Stochastic Simulation is a simulation where some variable or process is regulated by stochastic
factors and estimated based on Monte Carlo techniques using pseudo-random numbers, so
replicated runs from same boundary conditions are expected to produce different results within a
specific confidence band.
• Deterministic Simulation is a simulation where the variable is regulated by deterministic
algorithms, so replicated runs from same boundary conditions produce always identical results.
• Hybrid Simulation corresponds to a mix between Continuous and Discrete Event Simulation and
results in integrating numerically the differential equations between two sequential events to
reduce the number of discontinuities

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 MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII
• Stand Alone Simulation is a Simulation running on a single workstation by itself.
• Distributed Simulation is operating over distributed computers in order to guarantee access
from/to different resources (e.g. multi-users operating different systems, or distributed data sets); a
classical example is Distributed Interactive Simulation(DIS)
• Parallel Simulation is executed over multiple processors usually to distribute the computational
workload as it is happening in High-Performance Computing.
• Interoperable Simulation where multiple models, simulators (often defined as Federates)
interoperate locally on distributed over a network; a classical example is High-Level Architecture.

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Types of simulation

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

SIMULATION

AUDIO VISUAL LIVE STIMULATED

WRITTEN SIMULATION
SIMULATION SIMULATION
• Written simulation- Individual uses either paper and pencil latent image format.
• Audio-visual simulations:- An entire simulation can be placed on videotape
management vignette can be dramatized and filmed.
• LIVE Simulated simulation:- Lincon, Layton and Holdmen (1978) described their
experiences with simulated patient. The patient were healthy people, usually
students, who were trained in the role play.

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Applications:
• Simulation can be used as analysis tool for predicating the effect of changes and as a design

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

tool to predicate the performance of new system.
• Simulation enable the study of internal interaction of a subsystem with complex system.
• Areas of applications
• Manufacturing applications
• Semiconductor manufacturing
• Construction engineering and project management
• Military application
• Logistics, supply chain and distribution application
• Transportation modes and traffic
• Business Process Simulation
• Health Care
• Automated Material Handling System (AMHS)(Test beds for functional testing of control-
system software)
• Risk analysis(Insurance, portfolio,...)
• Computer Simulation(CPU, Memory,…)
• Network simulation(Internet backbone, LAN (Switch/Router), Wireless, PSTN (call center)

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Advantages of simulation
• New policies, operating procedures, information flows and son on can be explored without

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

disrupting on going operation of the real system.
• New hardware designs, physical layouts, transportation systems and … can be tested without
committing resources for their acquisition.
• Time can be compressed or expanded to allow for a speed- up or slow-down of the
phenomenon( clock is self-control).
• Insight can be obtained about interaction of variables and important variables to the
performance.
• Bottleneck analysis can be performed to discover where work in process, the system is
delayed.
• A simulation study can help in understanding how the system operates.
• “What if” questions can be answered.
Disadvantages of simulation
• Model building requires special training. - Vendors of simulation software have been actively
developing packages that contain models that only need input (templates).
• Simulation results can be difficult to interpret.
• Simulation modelling and analysis can be time consuming and expensive. - Many simulation
software have output-analysis.

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 3D PRINTING

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

INTRODUCTION
>> what is 3d printing?
• 3D printing (sometimes referred to as
Additive Manufacturing (AM))
is the computer-controlled sequential layering of materials to create three-
dimensional shapes.
• 3d printing is a form of additive manufacturing in which components are
fabricated in an additive fashion by adding successive layers of material
together.
>> it is also known as
(a) Rapid prototyping
(b) additive manufacturing

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 3D PRINTING

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

>> HISTORY
• THE TECHNOLOGY FOR PRINTING PHYSICAL
3D OBJECTS FROM DIGITAL DATA WAS FIRST
DEVELPED BY CHUCK HULL IN 1984 .
• HE NAMED THE TECHNIQUE AS STEREO LITHOGRAPHY AND OBTAINED
THE PATENT FOR THE TECHNIQUE IN 1986

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 MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII
INTRODUCTION
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 3D PRINTING
>> HOW 3D PRINT WORKS

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

• 3D printing, or additive manufacturing,
is a process where a material is melted in
a way that it can be deposited in a
controlled manner.
• then the material is quickly placed
layer by layer into the shape we want.
• the most commonly used material is
PLA plastic, but there is ABS plastic as
well as multitude use of other materials.
• CAD, or computer aided design is
mandatory for 3D printing
• there is an X.Y,Z axis to give the three
dimensions that needed
• put your flash drive on your printer then
start the print.
• for a 3d printer to work correctly,it must
have a filament.

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 3D PRINTING

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

• Put your flash drive on your printer and
Then start the print ( differs from printer
printer )
• For a 3d printer to work correctly ,
it must have a filament.
• Filament is usually on a spool or made
of plastic.
• The filament travels through the printer into the extruder,which moves
around the build platform .
• The extruder consists of fan, which blows on the filament that has just
been laid down, a motor, which pulls the filament from the spool ,and a
hot end ,which heats up the filament to its melting point so that it can be
placed down.
• once completing the print take off the built platform and now the item or
model is ready as designed in cad file

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 3D PRINTING

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

>>MATERIALS USED FOR 3D PRINTING
• NYLON
• HDPE
• WOOD FILAMENT
• METAL FILAMENT
• PLASTIC
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 3D PRINTING

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

>>BENEFITS OF 3D PRINTING IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
• Complex designs – 3D Printing allows complicated, complex models to be
developed and used in our manufacturing process; whereas wood and
plastic would have been used in the past and limited the possibilities of
designs. 3D printing can build curvilinear structures (rather than
rectilinear forms).
• Durability – the amount of scrap from wood and plastic would be
significantly reduced as a typical mold can be used over and over whereas
wood and plastic have to be replaced and repaired every few us
• Improved Project Planning – an important part of every project plan is
the design. With 3D printing, companies will be able to quickly create
models to have a visual representation of the project as well as help
pinpoint problem areas and avoid delays.
• Economical – as the technology continues to improve, 3D printing
costs will continue to decrease allowing for wide spread use of this
technology
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 3D PRINTING

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

>> 3D PRINTING IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
• In the construction industry,3d printing can be used to create
construction components or to “print” entire buildings.
• The recent emergence of building information modelling (BIM) in
particular may facilitate greater use of 3D printing.
• Using these technologies potentially reduces a 2 week job to just 3-4
days.
*construction 3d printing may allow,faster
and more accurate construction of complex
as well as lowering costs and producing less
waste.
*In terms of materials usage, 3D printing is
economical

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 ADVANTAGES OF DISADVANTAGES OF 3D

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

3D PRINTING: PRINTING:
• Reduce costs • High Energy Consumption
• Reduce time • 3D Printing Technology is
Expensive
• Stay ahead of competition
• Limited Materials
• Reduce errors
• 3D Printers Aren’t that User-
• Confidentiality friendly
• Production on demand • Harmful Emissions
• Too Much Reliance on Plastic
• 3D Printers are Slow

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 3D PRINTING
>> APPLICATIONS :

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

• EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
• ELECTRIC MOTORS
• GENERATORS
• AUTOMOBILES
• SPACE FLIGHT
• DOMESTIC USE
• MEDICAL
• RAPID MANUFACTURING

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 3D PRINTING

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

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 3D PRINTING

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

>> CASE STUDIES : Mexican Museum Case Study Looks at the
Use of 3D Printing in the Construction Industry
• Benjamin Jodis, a researchers at California Polytechnic State University,
recently wrote a case study, titled “Analyzing the benefits of using 3D
printing on the Mexican Museum renovation project in San Francisco,
California,” about a specific use case of 3D printing in the construction
industry .
• 3D printing is a good fit for construction,
as it can take a detailed virtual rendering
of a structure and produce an accurate
physical model of it.
• “The aim of this case study was to analyze
how the utilization of a 3D printed model
benefitted the overall cost and schedule of
the Mexican Museum project,

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• Jodis looked at how 3D printing was used during the project to help with
the design process, how beneficial the 3D printed model was, and possible

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

expansion on the use of technology.
•

• Jodis also conducted interviews with other industry professionals not

connected to the museum project to determine what potential 3D printing
has in construction, how it could adapt to be used more in the industry,
and the biggest drawback of using the technology.
• “However, the implementation of the 3D model proved to be beneficial on
multiple fronts and opened the door to more innovation surrounding 3D
printing within the construction industry.”

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• “Originally constructed in 1975, the main
building of the museum will undergo a

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

massive transformation, including seismic
retrofitting, improved safety measures, and
an aesthetic
• Additionally, a forty-five-story mixed-use
residential tower will be erected adjacent the
existing museum.
• When designing the foundation for the new tower, it was discovered that a pair of
nine-foot vertical walls would be needed around the base of the elevator shaft.”
• These two walls would be a major issue,
because of their geometry, the condition of the
soil, waterproofing around the sharp corners of
the walls, and the depth of excavation required.
• After multiple meetings, in which the design
teams used 3D BIM models to help with
visualization, Webcor Builders and the other
contractors decided to have Shapeways
• Using the 3D printed model, the Mexican Museum
team found a way to work around the two walls.

INTRODUCTION
GROUP NAME: Abhilash, INFLUENCE OF INFORMATICS IN
Assignment -2
Sneha, Banupriya, Kavya CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Sem 8 A, B.Arch,15ARC 8.2
>> CONCLUSION

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

• INDUSTRY –WIDE USE IN 5-8 YEARS TIME
• SHIFT FROM LABOR –INTENSIVE TOWARDS A MORE KNOWLEDGE –
INTENSIVE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
• A SAFER, CHEAPER, AND FASTER CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
• REVOLUTIONARY ADVANCEMENT IN THE CURRENT CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY IN OUR TARGET MARKET
• THOUGH STILL HINDERED WITH LIMITATION IT HAS HUGE POTENTIAL
• * ALLOW FASTER AND MORE
• ACCURATE CONSTRUCTION OF
• COMPLEX STRUCTURES
•

INTRODUCTION
GROUP NAME: Abhilash, INFLUENCE OF INFORMATICS IN
Assignment -2
Sneha, Banupriya, Kavya CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Sem 8 A, B.Arch,15ARC 8.2
 >> REFERENCES

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-VIII

• https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/3D_printing_in_construction#Introduction
• https://3dprinting.com/what-is-3d-printing/
• https://www.wellsconcrete.com/blog/benefits-of-3d-printing-in-the-construction-
industry/
• http://www.mbadmb.com/2018/04/04/how-3d-printing-transforms-the-construction-
industry/
• https://www.instructables.com/id/How-3D-Printing-Works-and-How-to-3D-Print/
• https://www.tomsguide.com/us/3d-printing-materials,news-24392.html
• https://www.3dprintpulse.com/case-study/construction/
•

INTRODUCTION
GROUP NAME: Abhilash, INFLUENCE OF INFORMATICS IN
Assignment -2
Sneha, Banupriya, Kavya CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Sem 8 A, B.Arch,15ARC 8.2