MALOCCLUSION

VELLIA ANITA RIZKA (1710070110024)

GITA YULIA SUCI
(1710070110028)
DHIA RATU HAFIZA (1710070110032)
SYAFITRI INDRALIM (1710070110036)
SRI INTAN MILLENIA (1710070110040)
MUHAMMAD JUMHARI
(1710070110044)
RAHMA NADILA SYARI
(1710070110048)
1. DEFINITION OF MALOCCLUSION

 Malocclusion is an appreciable deviation from the ideal

occlusion that may be considered aesthetically
unsatisfactory (Houston, et al., 1992) thus implying a
condition of imbalance in the relative sizes and position
of teeth, facial bones and soft tissues (lips, cheek, and
tongue). It is important not to equate the possession of
malocclusion with the need for a treatment instead it
should be judged according to dental health, aesthetic
or functional criteria namely: chewing, speech,
breathing and swallowing (Sampson & Sims, 1992).
2. ETIOLOGI OF MALOCCLUSION

Graber (1962) divided the etiological factors of

malocclusion into 2, namely extrinsic and intrinsic.
 Extrinsic : malnutrition, bad habits, and malfunctions,
posture, and trauma
 Intrinsik : abnormalities in tooth size, shape and size,
premature loss, prolonged retention and deciduous
dental caries.
Lesmana (2003) states that these factors can lead
to malocclusion and even cause facial abnormalities,
when exposing facial bones, teeth, neuromuscular
system, or soft tissue of the mouth, for a long time.
 3. CLASSIFICATION OF MALOCCLUSION

Edward Angle introduced this malocclusion classification

system in 1899. Angle classification is still used due to
its ease of use.
According to Angle, the key to occlusion is in the first
maxillary permanent molar. Based on the relationship
between the maxillary and mandibular first permanent
molar, Angle classifies malocclusion into three classes,
namely:
1) Class I
Class I malocclusion according to Angle is characterized by
the normal relationship between the jaw arches. The mesio-
buccal cusp of the first maxillary permanent molar occludes on
the buccal groove of the first mandibular permanent molar.
Patients can show irregularities in their teeth, such as
crowding, spacing, rotation, and so on. Other malocclusions
that are often categorized into Class I are bimaxilary protusion
where patients show normal Class I molar relationships but the
teeth in both the maxilla and lower jaw are located more
forward towards the facial profile.
2) Class II
According to Angle is characterized by molar
relationship where the disto-buccal cusp of the first
maxillary permanent molar occludes in the buccal
groove of the mandibular first permanent molar.
 Class II, division 1.
Class II division 1 was characterrized by procline of the
maxillary incisors with the result of increased overjet. Deep
overbite can occur in the anterior region. The characteristic
appearance of this malocclusion is abnormal muscle activity.
Class II, Division 2.
As in division 1 malocclusion, division 2 also shows Class II
molar relationships. The classic appearance of this
malocclusion is the presence of maxillary central incisions that
inclinate to the lingual so that the lateral incisions are more
labial than the central incisors. The patient shows deep
overbite anteriorly.
3) Class III
This malocclusion shows a Class III molar relationship with the
mesio-buccal cusp of the first maxillary permanent molar
occluding interdental between the first molar and the
mandibular second molar.
 4.TREATMENT OF MALOCCLUSION
The most common treatment method for malocclusion
is an occlusal splint. When the occlusion is changed
permanently, the treatments are honing of the teeth,
orthodontics and prosthodontics. If necessary, muscle
relaxants are included in the treatment in the acute phase.
Occlusal muscle exercises and physical therapy also often
alleviate the symptoms.
 5. COMPLICATION OF MALOCCLUSION

1. Gingival recession
Gingival recession is the appearance of the root at
teeth caused by loss of gingiva or retraction of the
gingival margin from the crown of the tooth. Recession
gingiva has been known to occur as a side effect during
orthodontic treatment or after treatment orthodontics or
after treatment and often occurs during buccal
movement.
2. Periodontal tissue damage
As a result of reduced access cleansing, increased
general gingival inflammation seen after installation of fixed
tools. This is normal decreases or subsides after release tools,
but some apical migration of attachments periodontal and
alveolar bone support usually for 2 years of orthodontic
treatment. On most patients this is minimal, but if bad oral
hygiene, especially in individuals sensitive to periodontal
disease, loss of onesmore can happen (Marini MG, Greghi
SLA,et al 2004: 250255).
3. Caries
Increased risk of caries during treatment occurs due to
several factors, namely the initial lesion difficult to reach,
decrease in pH level, increase in dental plaque volume, and
increase number of bacteria that cause caries.

4. Recurrent Apthous Stomatitis (SAR)

The use of fixed orthodontic devices is one of the
factors that can trigger SAR. Strict orthodontic treatment uses
a lot components that can cause trauma or irritation to the
mouth tissue. This can be occurs due to the installation of
orthodontic components defective less good, as in use wire
that is too long or another component causes trauma, such as
archwire, ligature wire.
5. Root resorption
It is currently accepted that some root resorption
inevitable as a result of movement tooth. Generally, during
maintenance of fixed tools conventional which lasts 2 years
around 1 mm root length is lost (this number is clinically not
significant)
6. Gingival inflammation
A fixed orthodontic device will result plaque
accumulation that can increase the amount of microbes and
changes in composition of microbes. This plaque retention will
be at risk for lesions white spot increases vulnerability to caries
and periodontal infections.
Thank You...