STRUCTURAL MECHANICS LECTURES

ASSOC. PROF. DR. DO KIEN QUOC

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
 1. CONCEPTS OF STRUCTURAL MECHANICS

 Definition :
Structural Mechanics (SM) is a theory –
experiment subject, representing methods of
structural analysis concerning to strength,
stiffness and stability due to various causes as
load, change of temperature, subsidence of
supports, incorrect manufacture…

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 1. CONCEPTS OF STRUCTURAL MECHANICS

 Research Method:
THR Check
Theory – Experiment:
Theory
 Theory (THR): Predict
service ability of structures THR

 Experiment (EXP): Test the

behavior of materials and THR
members to suggest
assumptions; Check advanced Assumptions
theory. EXP

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 1. CONCEPTS OF STRUCTURAL MECHANICS

 Main Task of Subject:

Establish analysis methods for internal forces
and displacement… in structures to evaluate
the strength, stiffness, stability of structures
(Now: life, reliability of structures).

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 1. CONCEPTS OF STRUCTURAL MECHANICS

 Role of Subject:
The process to design a structure:

SM & Other Subjects SM Steel, Concrete SM & Other Subjects

Struct. Model Internal Forces Section Design Check of Strength, Stiffness…

Complicated & Important

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2. MODELING OF STRUCTURES

 Structure Model = Real Structure + Assumptions

for Simplification

E, A, I

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2. MODELING OF STRUCTURES
 Assumptions:
- Bar members replaced by their center lines; Plates &
Shells – middle surfaces.
- Section  E, F, J (Section Properties).
- Connections, Supports  Idealization (Rigid, Non-
Friction or Elastic…).
- Loads transfered to member axes (center lines).
- Further simplifications if necessary (such as hinged
joints, brick wall, floors…)

E, A, I

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2. MODELING OF STRUCTURES

E, A, I

Fig 1
 Notes: A structural model should be chosen
suitable with the real structure and the analysis
ability of the designer.

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3. CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES
 Based on Model:

a) Beam b) Truss

d) Arch
c) Frame

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3. CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES
Based on Model (cont):
Plane Structures: Both members and loads
belong to 1 plane.
Space Structures: Not plane
Main space structures in reality: Orthogonal
beams, space trusses, plates and shells.
Exp: Buildings, bridges, water towers, offshore
structures…
In many cases, a space structure may be
analyzed as an assemblage of plane structures
for simplicity.

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3. CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES
Based on Methods of Structural Analysis
The Force Method:
Statically Determinate Structures: Equilibrium
conditions only are sufficient to determine
reactions and internal forces.
Statically Indeterminate Structures: Equilibrium
conditions + Displacement conditions to
determine reactions and internal forces.

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3. CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES
Based on Methods of Structural Analysis (cont)
The Displacement Method:
 Kinetically Determinate Structures: Deformation of
structural members can be determined from kinetic
conditions.
 Kinetically Indeterminate Structures: Kinetic conditions
not sufficient.

∆
∆

a) Kinetically Determinate b) Kinetically Indeterminate

Structures Structures

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4. CAUSES RESULTING IN INTERNAL
FORCES AND DISPLACEMENT
Load: Causing internal forces & displacement in all
structures (statically determinate of indeterminate).
Classification of load:
 By position : Fixed load (as weight of structures - dead load)
Moving load (as vehicles on bridges, human load)
 By manner of action Static load: causing small acceleration.
Inertia forces are negligible in equilibrium
equations
Dynamic load: causing large acceleration.
Inertia forces must be considered in
equilibrium equations

 By manner of variation: Deterministic load: function of time P =

P(t) known
Random load: Known as probability
distributions
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4. CAUSES RESULTING IN INTERNAL
FORCES AND DISPLACEMENT

Change of Temperature
Subsidence of Foundations or Supports
These 2 causes don’t result in support reactions and
internal forces in Statically Determinate Structures.

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 ASSUMPTIONS AND PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION

• The following assumptions are used:

1- Materials are continuous, isotropic and linear
elastic (obeying Hooke’s Law).


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 ASSUMPTIONS AND PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION

The following assumptions are used (cont):

2- Strain and displacement are small (used as
infinitesimal quantities in mathematics; for small angle:
sin  tan  , cos = 1 …)
These assumptions allow the use of undeformed
structure when considering the equilibrium of forces.
If the above assumptions hold then the principle of
superposition could be applied as illustrated bellow:
P1 P2 P1 P2

= +
∆ ∆1 ∆2
Fig.5
∆(P1, P2) = ∆(P1) + ∆(P2)
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3. CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES

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3. CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES

MỞ ĐẦU 18
3. CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES

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3. CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES

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3. CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES

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3. PHÂN LOẠI CÔNG TRÌNH

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3. CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES

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3. CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES

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