DR. B.C.

ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

REVERSE POWER PROTECTION OF AN ALTERNATOR

PRESENTED BY:
AJAY KUMAR SHARMA (12001615002)
ALOK RANJAN (12001615004)
BIKASH KUMAR (12001615017)
BIPIN KUMAR MISHRA (12001615020)
DEEPAK KUMAR BHAR (12001615025)
MUKUND KUMAR (12001615050)
 CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION.
2. COMPONENTS
3. REVERSE POWER
4. CONDITIONS FOR REVERSE POWER.
5. EFFECT OF REVERSE POWER.
6. WORKING.
7. STATIC RELAYS.
8. ADVANTAGES OF STATIC RELAYS.
9. DUAL POWER SUPPLY.
10. CONCLUSION.
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 INTRODUCTION
 Today’s complex power scenario demands
uninterrupted supply for consumer. Therefore
generator is the ultimate source of today’s life and its
function is of heart of power system. Hence it needs
the maximum protection from the occurring faults.
 The generator used is a synchronous machine which
can either run as generator or motor depending upon
the form of input energy. These generator are
synchronized with the bus-bar that is the grid.

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 COMPONENTS
1. TRANSFORMER
2. BRIDGE RECTIFIER
3. CAPACITORS
4. VOLTAGE REGULATOR

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 REVERSE POWER
 When prime mover fails machine starts motoring and
draws electrical power from the system and this is known
as inverted operation.

 The alternator can be protected from inverted operation by

using single-element directoinal power relay(reverse
power relay) which senses the direction of power flow.

 Failure of the prime mover of an alternator set, will keep

the set running as asynchronous compensator.
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CONDITIONS FOR REVERSE
POWER
Following are the possible circumstances in which
reverse power condition may arise.
1. When number of units are operating in parallel and
failure of one unit may result in feeding power to the
suffered unit from healthy units.
2. When one of the unit from all connected parallel
units is overloaded and its consequence would be
reduced speed.
3. When load is suddenly thrown off, terminal voltage
of bus-bar increases instantly.
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EFFECTS OF REVERSE POWER
 During reverse power condition alternator runs as
synchronous motor and the turbine acts as a load.
 Motoring protection is mainly for the benefit of the
prime mover and load coming on the generator bus-
bar while motoring reverse power protection measures
the power flow from bus-bars to the generator running
as a motor.
 A single element directional power rely, sensing the
direction of power flow in any one direction, phase is
sufficient. The setting depend on the type of prime
mover.

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 WORKING
 A reverse power relay helps in monitoring the power in
the generator, it detects a reverse power condition, and
the relay immediately removes the connection to the
parallel utility or other power source, hence protecting
the generator from damage.

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STATIC RELAYS
 Static relays (Solid
State Relay) is an
electrical relay in
which the response is
developed by
electronic/magnetic/o
ptical or other
components without
mechanical motion of
component.
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ADVANTAGES OF STATIC
RELAYS
The static relays compared to the corresponding
electromagnetic relay have many advantages.
1. Low Power Consumption.
2. No Moving Contact.
3. Representing times and overshoots.
4. Static Relays can “think”.
5. Effects of Vibration and shocks.

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DUAL POWER SUPPLY
 Dual power supply units are common equipment in
electrical engineering and electronics. They supply
positive polarity (+Vcc) as well as negative polarity (-
Vcc, not connected to ground!) and ground potential.

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CONCLUSION
When power flows into the generator, it starts operating like
a synchronous motor and the turbines or prime mover
becomes the active load. This can damage the prime mover
and is therefore undesirable.
 It is important to detect a reverse power condition and
disconnect power as quickly as possible, there is always a risk
of explosion or fire from the unburned fuel.
A reverse power relay helps in monitoring the power in the
generator, it detects a reverse power condition, and the relay
immediately removes the connection to the parallel utility or
other power source, hence protecting the generator from
damage.

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.