SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY-SOCIETY

BY: JUDY ANN G. SILVA

FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF
HISTORY
 Introduction
• As responsible citizens of the world, knowing a little bit more about the
nature of science as a human activity has become a necessity.

• Beyond the scientific research, we must see its consequence affecting

our way of life here and now and even our children's future.

• Through the centuries, the history of science can be viewed as a

countinuous expansion at the expense of religion, philosophy and the
humanities.
 Bertrand Russell
• According to him, science in its beginnings was due to men who were
in love with the world.

• But step by step, as science developed, the impulse of love which

gaveit birth has been increasingly thwarted, while the impulse of
power, which was at first a mere camp-follower, has gradually
usurped command by virtue in its unforeseen success...
The Dawn of the First
Civilization
Because written records of any kind date from only about 5000
years ago, the chronology of events was basically a matter of
deduction based mainly on archaelogical finds.

However, with the development and availability of new scientific

instruments and techniques, archaelogical excavations have
provided us with data/evidences from which a more or less
accurate account of man's evolution from primitive hunter-
gatherer-wanderers to sophisticated city-dwellers can be
described.
Stone Age: Paleolithic Age (3000-1000 B.C) and
Neolithic Age (9000-5000 B.C)

• discovered the fossil remains of

“Peking Man”

• It has been observed that some

animals particularly the primates
can “intelligently”use a stone or
some other objects.
Stone Age: Paleolithic Age (3000-1000 B.C) and
Neolithic Age (9000-5000 B.C)

Sometime in 1000 B.C, th

ey have discovered fire
through the percussion
method.
Many later industrial processes operation such as metallurgy, potery,
brewing and steaming are the applications of the accumulated practice
of prehistoric cooking.
• During this time, civilization was developing in modern areas of Turkey,
Iraq, and Iran.
• As varying groups of people discovered metals and metallurgy,
the science of forging metal, the Bronze Age occurred at different times.
• The development of bronze in this region first occurred in Mesopotamia.
• Sumerians, who inhabited southern Mesopotamia, discovered bronze
could be created by adding tin to copper.
Sumerian Civilization
The Big Idea
The Sumerians made many advances that helped
their society develop.
Main Ideas
• The Sumerians invented the world’s first writing
system.
• Advances and inventions changed Sumerian lives.
• Many types of art developed in Sumer.
 The cuneiform system involved the use of sharp tools called
styluses.
 The Sumerians first used cuneiform to keep business records.

 The Sumerians also used their writing skills to write books about
history, poems, and math.
“Gilgamesh”

An early Sumerian mythical hero

.
 Main Idea 2:
Advances and inventions changed Sumerian lives.
 Development of the wheel
 Used for carts and wagons
 Potter’s wheel
 The plow increased farm
production.
 Sewers under city streets
 Math and science
 Number system based on 60
 Names of animals, plants, and
minerals
 Used medicines for healing and
catalogued medical knowledge
 Main Idea 3:
Many types of art developed in Sumer.
Architecture
• Rulers lived in large palaces.
• Most Sumerians lived in
houses with many rooms
around a small courtyard.
• Mud bricks were the houses’
main building blocks.
• A ziggurat, or pyramid-shap
ed temple tower, rose above
each city.
The Arts
• Sculptors produced many
statues of the gods for
their temples.
• Jewelry was a popular
item made from imported
gold, silver, and gems.
• Engraved cylinder seals
are one of Sumer’s most
famous types of art.
Built by King Ur-Nammu, the greatest of the Sumerian ziggurats.
Life in the Babylonian Empire
• Hammurabi built roads and created a postal service.
(1792 -1750 B.C)
• Agriculture and trade flourished.
• The society was very fair for its time. Slaves
and women even had
some rights. Both could own property and ke
ep their own money.
• Slaves could even buy their own freedom.
 The Assyrian Empire
The Assyrians had a trained army that helped
them expand their territory.
Their greatest achievements were their new w
eapons and war strategies.
Used horses & iron weapons
Used battering rams & moveable towers
They were extremely good at siege warfare
Life in the Neo-Babylonian Empire
Nebuchadrezzar rebuilt the ziggurat.
He also decorated his palace with gardens. They became
the famous Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
NEBUCHADNEZZAR II
 Greatest ruler of the
Babylonians
 Famed builder
 Terribly cruel
 Neo-Babylonians
• Babylonians were also skilled in mathematics
& astronomy.
• The created the first sundial.
• They made discoveries that led us to the 60-
minute hour & the 7-day week.
• Was conquered by the Persian Empire in 539 BCE
The most famous form of Egyptian
technology are the pyramids.

Built Over 4000 years ago and still

stands today.
The pyramids of Giza are one of the
7 wonders of the world.
Consisted of over 2.6 million blocks.
The Tomb Of King Khufu.
Method of Egyptian on telling time
“water clock”
 The Calendar
Calendar Ancient Modern
Egyptians made Egypt Day
the first 365 day Days per 10 7
week
Calendar.
Weeks per 3 4 or 5
month
Months per 4 3
Slightly different season
from our calendar Seasons per 3 4
today. year
 Egyptian Innovations
• The Egyptians were very innovated with there creations.
• They created inventions that we still use today very frequently.
• Some inventions were fishing hooks, paper, ink (black), and sails.
• The innovations of the Egyptians were essential to their way of
life, for example since they lived on the Nile the sailboat was
essential to travel and trade.
• They also created to innovations that have changed our lives
totally.
• The Horus Eye Fraction System
• Hieroglyphics, an ancient writing
 Horus Eye Fraction System
• This is an ancient Egyptian way of
doing math.
• They took the Horus Eye divided it
into fractions and that is now they
did some math.
• They used this system to measure
fractions of Grain.
• Math was used to solve problems,
like how many bricks were used in a
house or the heights of pyramid
buildings.
 Hieroglyphics
• This is an Ancient form of
writing created by the
Egyptians
• They use symbols to
represent words
• The Rosetta Stone is an
ancient artifact that helps
us decode these meanings
and understand about the
Hieroglyphics
• Here are some examples
 Alchemy
The great king Hermes is thought to be the founder of alchemy, and his
famous “emerald tablet” is said to be the primary document of Alchemy
and was found buried with him
This is a scientific technology which questions reality mentally, physical
ly, and spiritually
It is said that encoded on the Emerald Tablet is a mysterious formula
with comprehensive steps to achieve personal transformation and
even accelerate the evolution of our species
Famous alchemists include Newton, pLato, and Thebes which have all
theorized about the Emerald Tablet
 Training
• Trained and skilled in arts of the
chase (both afoot and on horseba
ck), archery, throwing the spear an
d javelin, and of sustaining forced
marches in unfriendly climate
• At 20 their military careers began
• "Trained am I both with hands and
with feet. As a horseman I am a
good horseman. As a bowman I a
m a good bowman both afoot and
on horseback. As a spearman I
am a good spearman both afoot a
nd on horseback"
 Armor and tactics
• There were several symbols of Kingshi
p
• Battle axes and advanced armor
were common in a Persian army and N
orthern Iranians
Art and architecture :
Pottery
• Pottery is one of
the oldest Persia
n art forms
• The “Animal Styl
e,” which was bi
g in the Persian
culture first appe
ared in their pott
ery.
 METAL

• Persian’s found metal was a more admiring and appreci

ative way to enjoy art, as well as its use. Some example
s of metal-ware art were gilded silver cups and dishes
decorated with royal hunting scenes from the Sassanian
dynasty.
Science and Technology
• Some of the most sound roads
and ports
• A predecessor to the Suez Canal,
Darius the Great created a canal t
hat connected the
Red Sea to the Nile
• Saith King Darius: I am a Persian
. Setting out from Persia, I conqu
ered Egypt. I ordered this canal d
ug from the river called the Nile th
at flows in Egypt, to the sea that
begins in Persia. When the canal
had been dug as I ordered, ships
went from Egypt through this can
al to Persia, even as I intended.
—Darius I