LULU’ATUL HAMIDATU ULYA, M.Sc.

“
What is ION?
A particle that carries
an overall positive or
negative charge

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 ION

CATION ANION

a positive ion: electrons < protons a negative ion; electrons > protons

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Bond formed by the electrostatic attraction
between two oppositely charged ions
o The force of electrostatic
attraction between positively
charged ions (cations) and
negatively charged ions (anions)
o Electron transfer from the less
electronegative atom to the
more electronegative
o Ionic bonds occur between
metals and nonmetals when
there is a large difference in
electronegativity 4
Formed Ionic Lattice Born Haber
Compound Energy Cycle

Madelung Born Lande Kaputinskii

Constant Constant Constant

Stability Ionic Covalent

Polarisation in
Character of Ionic
Compound Ionic Compound Compound
CATION

IONIC TOTAL TOTAL

COMPOUND POSITIVE NEGATIVE
(NEUTRAL CHARGE CHARGE
CHARGE)

ANION

CaCl2 NaCl

Ionic
Compound KF KI
Example

BaCl2 MgI2
 • Metal
Element
CATION • Polyatomic
Ion
• Nonmetal
Element
ANION • Polyatomic
Ion
SO42- PO42-

Polyatomic Ion
IF YOU WANT KNOW MORE ABOUT CO32- NO32-
POLYATOMIC ION, YOU CAN SEARCH groups of atoms that
AT THE TEXTBOOK OR INTERNET are covalently bonded
and collectively have
a charge
NH4+ H3O+
 Wikipedia provided the picture

Notice that even though the formula is NaCl, there are more than just 2 ions
involved. The formula unit only shows the lowest whole number ratio.
Sodium Chlorine
Sodium Chloride
 Soluble in
Conduct H2O.
electricity Insoluble in
Melt only at when melted nonpolar
very high or dissolved
Solid temperatures solvents
crystals at
room
temperature

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◎ All of the noble gases (except He) have 8 valence
electrons
- 8 valence electrons is considered to be a particularly
◎ favorable electronic arrangement for an atom
• Octet Rule- In forming compounds, atoms tent to
gain, lose or share electrons in such a way as to
be associated with 8 valence electrons (limited to
main group elements)
• Duet Rule- For H the nearest noble gas is helium
which has 2 electrons
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◎Representative Elements
- Group 1: 1+ Group 15*: 3-
- Group 2: 2+ Group 16*: 2-
Group 17: 1-
*Not easily formed
◎Transition metal ions
Cr2+/3+ , Mn2+/3+, Fe2+/3+, Co2+/3+, Ni2+, Cu+/2+, Zn2+,
Ag+, Pb2+/4+
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What the different of IONIC BOND
and COVALENT BOND?

The difference of
IONIC BOND electronegativity is
larger than 1,7

The difference of
COVALENT
BOND electronegativity is
smaller than 1,7

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TRY THIS

Make three of the

example ionic
compound and one of
them include
polyatomic ion!

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Energy released when a mole of ionic solid is
formed from its ions in the gas state.
Lattice energy of a solid – ΔE of ions in gas vs solid
High LE – strong interaction between ions, tightly bonded solid
Start with the CPE of 2 ions with charges z1 and z2:

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◎ Z1 = cation charge
◎ Z2 = anion charge
◎ e = electron charge = 1,60210 x 10-19 C
◎ π = 3,14159
◎ ε0 = 8,854185 x 10-12 C2 J-1 m-1
◎ r12 = ionic radii
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Thanks!
Any questions?

You can find me at:

Lulu’atul Hamidatu Ulya
08563600338
luluhamida@gmail.com

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