5G

CONTENTS
Overview of 5G
Differences Between 5G and 4G Network Planning
NR Bands and deployment
Overview of 5G
Differences Between 5G and 4G Network Planning
NR Bands and deployment
Key 5G elements
Triangle Scenario-5G(5G used cases)

eMBB(Enhanced Mobile Broadband)

• Low Latency
• Higher Spectral Efficiency/Throughput

eMBB

mMTC URLLC

mMTC(massive Machine Type Communications) URLLC(Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications)

• Improved link budget • High Reliability(Low Packet Error Rate)
• Low Device Complexity • Low Latency
• Long Device Battery Life
• High Density Device Deployment
Can 1 ms Latency be achieved

Content served from a physical position very

close to the user’s device.
Require a substantial uplift in CAPEXspent
on infrastructure for content distribution
and servers
Spectrum challenges
5G wireless networks expected to use unused, high frequency mm-wave band, ranging
from 3-300 Ghz.
“Beachfront Spectrum” Current Wireless Mobile
Communication
Oxygen Absorption Band Water Vapor Absorption Band

54Ghz

Available 252 Ghz of Potential Bandwidth In HugeChunks

5G Ecosystem are Getting Mature from 2018~2019
2017 2018 2019 2020

R15 R15
R15 NSA R16 …
SA Late Drop

Standard

1st NSA Version

Network E2E

Device
Smartphone
3GPP Standard Milestones and 5G RAN Roadmap
2017 2018 2019 2020
17-12 18-03 18-06 18-09 18-12

R15 Phase1.1 frozen R15 Phase1.2 frozen

Rel.15 Rel.16
(5G Phase 1, focus on eMBB） (5G Phase 2, focus on mMTC & uRLLC)

Trial only in limited countries

5G RAN1.0 (NSA) GA (2018.Q2)

Global
Launch
Small scale commercialization
5G RAN2.0 (NSA) GA(2018.Q4)

Massive commercialization
5G RAN2.1 (SA)
GA(TBD)
From Single Band to Multi-Band Optimization Required in 5G Era
Dense Urban Urban Suburban Rural

 5G supports full spectrum

access. The new spectrum of
mmWave
C-band and millimeter wave,
High and the legacy spectrum
(TDD)
Capacity Sub3GHz can be used for 5G.
Limited  Multi-band optimization is
C-Band (TDD) Coverage required in the 5G era: C-band
and millimeter wave can
greatly improve capacity, but
2.6GHz (T+F)
the coverage is limited, and
Sub3GHz can provide good
1.8GHz / 2.1GHz (FDD) Good
coverage, how can we achieve
1400MHz (SDL)
Coverage mutually reinforcing through
multi-band optimization.
700MHz/800MHz/900MHz (FDD)
5G NR Based Tele-operated Driving(ToD) Trial

10ms 5G NR

E2E Latency
0.12m Break Distance

Transmission
50Mbps UL Live Video
For HD FoV Uploading DL Remote Control

Application Scenario

Load truck Shuttle bus Mine truck 52.3 km

Car & Cameras Remote Control

Exploring 5G New Business Opportunities

Research directions On-going projects

Connected Vehicles Wireless Robotics Cloud VR/AR

Connected Drones Wireless eHealth

5G Key Solutions

Architecture
• NSA & SA
 Architecture

Option3x Preferred in NSA，Option 2 Preferred in SA

Option 3x/7x in NSA Option 4/2 in SA
Option 3 Option 3a Option 3x Option 4 Option 4a
EPC EPC EPC 5GC 5GC

S1-C S1-U S1-C S1-U S1-U S1-C S1-U S1-U NG-C NG-U NG-U NG-C NG-U

LTE NR LTE NR LTE NR eLTE NR eLTE NR

Option 7 Option 7a Option 7x Option 2

5GC 5GC 5GC 5GC

NG-C NG-U NG-C NG-U NG-U NG-C NG-U NG-U NG-C NG-U

eLTE NR eLTE NR eLTE NR NR

CP Anchor UP Split

5G architecture:
5G architecture includes NSA and SA, both Share the Same Ecosystem.
As the early deployment architecture of 5G, NSA focuses on the eMBB scenario, reusing the current EPC and LTE as the
anchor, which enables the quick introduction of 5G NR. Most operators choose NSA as the early deployment of 5G. SA is
the 5G target architecture, which support 5G full scenarios, 5G New Core is required to support network slicing
 New Radio (NR) release 15&16
NR Release 15 (Dec 2017) select features
Standards based Cloud architecture
5 Gbps peak DL throughput, increasing to 50 Gpbslater
Massive MIMO and Beamforming
Dual connectivity (LTE and NR)
Error correction with low-density parity code (LDPC)
Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC)
Numerology support
Non stand-alone (NSA) and Stand alone (SA)
Any band; low, mid, high
Carrier aggregation for multiple NRcarrier
FDD and TDD in NR
Dynamic co-existence with LTEin the samechannels
NR Release 16 (Dec 2017) select features
Shared spectrum operation
5 GHz unlicensed spectrum operation based on
current LTEapproaches such as
 Licensed Assisted Access (LAA)
 LTE-WLAN link Aggregation (LWA)
 LTE-WLAN Radio Level Integration with IPSec
Tunnel (LWIP) and
 RAN Controlled LTEWireless LAN Interworking
(RCLWI)
Other features still to be defined
Flexible Numerology
Subcarrier spacing 15 30 6 120
(KHz)
Spectrum < 6 GHz < 6 GHz < 6….> 20 GHz >20 GHz
Max Bandwidth (MHz) 50 100 200 400
Symbol Duration (μs) 66.7 33.3 16.7 8.33
Nominal cyclic prefix (μs) 4.7 2.3 1.2 0.59
Scheduling interval (ms) 0.5 0.25 0.125 0.625

Several subcarrier spacing and scheduling intervals

supported
Rel 15 supports 15-120 KHz
Narrow spacing are better for narrow bandwidth and
extreme coverage
Typical 3.5 GHz with 40-100 MHz BW uses 30-60 spacing
and 0.125 ms scheduling period
5G New Radionumerology
Parameters 15
Radio Frame Length 10ms
Min./Max component carrier (CC) Sub-6 GHz: min 5 MHz (RAN4), Max 100 MHz per CC(RAN1)
BW > 6GHz: Min 50 MHz (RAN4), Max. 400 MHz (RAN1)
Max no. of subcarrier 3300 or 6600 (FFT 4096 mandatory, FFT 8192 consider)
Carrier aggregation , dual Max. 16 carrier as per RAN1, max. 32 carrier (per RAN2)
connectivity
Modulation QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM, 256 QAM; Uplink also support π/2-BPSK
 Numerology - SubcarrierSpacing
In LTEthere is only one type of subcarrier spacing (15KHz), where asin NRmultiple type of subcarrier spacing are
available

n Δf=2nx15 Cyclic Prefix

K Hz
12 Sub carrier = (15*12)=180KHz
0 15 Normal
1 30 Normal
2 60 Normal, Extended

12 Sub carrier = (30*12)=360KHz

12 Sub carrier = (60*12)=720KHz

Numerology - SubcarrierSpacing

12 Sub carrier = (120*12)=1440KHz

n Δf=2nx15 Cyclic Prefix

K Hz
3 120 Normal
4 240 Normal

12 Sub carrier = (240*12)= 2880KHz

Characteristics of this framestructure
Parameters 5G LTE LTE-A (5 CCs) 802.11ac
Carrier BW (MHz) 200 20 100 20 160

Subcarrier spacing (KHz) 60 15 15 312.5 312.5

Symbol Length 16.67 66.67 66.67 4 4

FFT Size 4096 2048 5x2048 64 512

Effective subcarrier 3300 1200 6000 56 484
TTI Duration (ms) 0.25 1 1 Variable Variable
Number of GPs 3 2 2 none None
No. of symbol per frame 14 14 14 n.a n.A
CPduration (μs) 1 4.7(short) 4.7 (short) 0.4 (short) 0.4 (short)

GAP Duration 0.89 66.67(min) 66.67(min) none None

Overhead (CP+GAP) [%] 6.67 7.25 117.25 11 11

HARQ Process 4 Up to 15 Up to 15 none None

Comparison of LTEv/s 5G
Radio frame\ Technology LTE 5G TF
Subcarrier Spacing (KHz) 15 75

Basic Time Unit Ts 1/(15000 * 2048) Seconds 1/(75000 * 2048) Seconds

SLOTTslot 15360 x Ts= 0.5 ms 15360 x Ts= 0.1 ms

TTI 1 ms 0.2 ms

Maximum serving cells (CA) 5 8

Maximum aggregated bandwidth 5 x 20 = 100 MHz 8 x 100 = 800 MHz

NDLsymb . NRB DL
. N RB. slots/frame . frames/sec . nb carriers
Formula Maximum symbols / second sc

Maximum symbols / second 7 x 12 x 100 x 20 x 100 x 5 = 84M 7 x 12 x 100 x 20 x 100 x 5 = 84M

Maximum theorical throughput 84M x 2 x 6 672M x 2 x 6

MIMO 2 layers, 64 QAM (6 bits/symbol) 1.01 Gbits/s 8.06 Gbits/s
Reserved symbols / second First SFsymbol : 1/14 =7.1% SF0 & 25 : 2/50 = 4%
Cell RS(2 antennas) : 12/(13*12) = PDCCH symbol : 1/14*(48/50)*(96/100) = 6.6%
7.7% PDSCH DM-RS : 1/14*(48/50) = 6.9%
5G Massive MIMO Narrow Beam Design for 3D-Shaping

All Channels Beamforming for 5G NR 3D-Shaping Improves H+V Coverage

64T64R/32T32R
Horizontal Beamforming Vertical Beamforming
××××××××
××××××××
××××××××
××××××××
×××××××× 5G
×××××××× LTE Narrow
××××××××
××××××××
Wide Beam-forming
×××××××× Beam
××××××××
××××××××
××××××××

• Narrow beam by massive dipoles • More precise beam & scanned area
• Beamforming for BCH, SCH, CSI-RS to improve • Higher user SINR and Better interference control
common channel coverage
3D-Shaping is the Most Important Tech to Improve Vertical Coverage

High Building Indoor Coverage Test 3D-Shaping Significantly Improve Coverage

RSRP
8~20dB
BS [dB] RSRP Gain
3.5GHz -90
Floor 9
& 2.6GHz -95

Floor 7 -100

-105
Floor 5
-110

-115
Floor 3
-120

Floor 1 -125

-130

-135 Point
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
CPE in Floor 1, 3, 5, 7, 9
RSRP 3.5GHz RSRP 2.6GHz

256m Indoor test from floor 9 to 1

Massive MIMO deployement
The primary use cases for Massive MIMO in sub-6 GHz bands are to improve coverage and spectral
efficiency
In mmWave bands, the panel agreed that Massive MIMO is mainly for extending coverage
Differences Between 5G and 4G Network Planning
 Major Items of 5G Network Planning
nformation collection Dimension estimation Simulated planning Parameter Planning
Items: Items: Items: Items:
Output: Output: Output:
• Construction • Estimation • Simulation of  Neighboring cell
Radio network Single-site Coverage
strategies parameter existing sites on planning
planning coverage radius simulation results
• Network KPI confirmation the live network  PCI planning
information table Capacity
• Geographic • Propagation • Initial site  PRACH planning
Quantity of sites simulation results
environment model selection selection  RF planning
to be added to the Site engineering
• Service model • Coverage according to the  Beam planning
live network estimation parameters
estimation
• Regional division  TAC planning
Planning
• Capacity results and initial
• Live network simulation  Timeslot
estimation configuration report
engineering results
parameters • Live network planning
ISD(inter-site • Simulation after
• Alternative site site addition
distance)
location
confirmation • Field survey and
• Special site selection
requirements • Final simulation
result output

• The 5G network is constructed through the upgrade on the live network. Therefore, fully consider existing sites when
planning 5G networks.
 Key Procedures of 5G Network Planning

Network Dimensioning Network Planning Simulation Network Parameter Planning

Objective: To provide the preliminary network Objective: To determine the multiple-site Objective: To generate the engineering parameters
configuration information such as the coverage networking coverage (RSRP, SINR, and (longitude, latitude, antenna height, azimuth,
radius, single-site capacity, required number of TxPower) and cell capacity (average downtilt, and scenario-beam) and cell parameters
sites, and base station configuration throughput and edge throughput) (cell ID, TAC, PCI, PRACH, and neighboring cell)

5G network planning inherits the excellent experience of 4G/3G network planning. The 5G network planning
process is similar to that of 4G/3G.
 Differences Between 4G and 5G Network Planning and Challenges
of 5G Network Planning
New bands
The requirements of higher
frequency bands and higher
planning simulation accuracy.
 C-band/mmWave(millimeter-
Wave) propagation model
 3GPP model
 Rayce (Huawei Self-
developed ray-tracing model)
 Penetration loss, Foliage loss,
rain attenuation, and oxygen
attenuation
 High-precision 3D modeling
 High-precision ray-tracing
model
 5G spectrum policy, dynamic
spectrum planning, and uplink
and downlink decoupling(Trial)
New air interface
The traditional network planning
method needs to be changed to
meet requirements of Massive
MIMO and Flexible Duplex.
 Massive MIMO(MM)
 MM coverage/capacity
simulation modeling
 Scenario-based MM beam
design
 Azimuth and downtilt
planning in the MM
architecture
 Dynamic TDD/uplink and
downlink bandwidth asymmetry:
 TDD timeslot allocation
 Avoiding uplink and
downlink interference
New services New architecture
eMBB -> Connectivity of 5G network planning has shifted
Everything from "network-centric coverage
and capacity planning" to "cloud-
 eMBB: AR/VR based and user-centric
 WTTx: B2H map experience planning.“
 Backhaul: inner-band and
outer-band  NSA/SA
 mMTC: power  NFV: network slicing planning
consumption/standby time  UDN: site/topology planning
 uRLLC: delay and reliability  D2D: resources and
interference
 UCNC: dynamic topology
New scenarios
The application scenarios of 5G
are far beyond the traditional
communication scenarios:
 IoT (Internet of Things )
 Low-altitude coverage
 IoV(Internet of Vehicles )
 …
NR Bands and deployment
5G NR Frequency Definition (3GPP TS 38.104 )
3GPP R15 New define 5G NR Frequency: 5G NR Reuse exists Frequency:
NR Band Frequency Range Duplex Mode NR Band Frequency Range-UL Frequency Range-DL Duplex Mode

n75 1432-1517MHz SDL n1 1920-1980MHz 2110-2170MHz FDD

n2 1850-1910MHz 1930-1990MHz FDD
n76 1427-1432MHz SDL
n3 1710-1785MHz 1805-1880MHz FDD
n77 3.3-4.2GHz TDD n5 824-849MHz 869-894MHz FDD
n78 3.3-3.8GHz TDD n7 2500-2570MHz 2620-2690MHz FDD
n79 4.4-5.0GHz TDD n8 880-915MHz 925-960MHz FDD
n20 832-862MHz 791-821MHz FDD
n80 1710-1785MHz SUL
n28 703-748MHz 758-803MHz FDD
n81 880-915MHz SUL
n38 2570-2620MHz 2570-2620MHz TDD
n82 832-862MHz SUL n41 2496-2690MHz 2496-2690MHz TDD
n83 703-748MHz SUL n50 1432-1517MHz 1432-1517MHz TDD
n84 1920-1980MHz SUL n51 1427-1432MHz 1427-1432MHz TDD
n66 1710-1780MHz 2110-2200MHz FDD
n257 26.5-29.5GHz TDD
n70 1695-1710MHz 1995-2020MHz FDD
n258 24.25-27.5GHz TDD n71 663-698MHz 617-652MHz FDD
n260 37-40GHz TDD n74 1427-1470MHz 1475-1518MHz FDD

Sub6GHz single carrier bandwidth: 5MHz, 10MHz,15MHz, …100MHz

mmWare bandwidth: 50MHz, 100MHz, 200MHz, 400MHz SUL：Supplementary Uplink
SDL： Supplementary Downink
Frequency Application
Global Auction Status and Plan
Sub 1GHz 2.6GHz 3.5GHz 4.8GHz 26Ghz 28GHz 37GHz 40GHz
USA
Europe
China TBD
Japan
Korea
3GPP R15 Band n78 n79 n258 n257 n260 Primary wave
Second wave or TBD

C-BAND as Primary Band

2600Mhz as Candidate
 Global Harmonization
100MHz / Operator  Better coverage than C-band

mmWave as Supplement Narrow bandwidth (<40Mhz
600/700Mhz for wide
 First priority 3.5Ghz 

80% operator) coverage

SUL or DC to extend
C-band UL Coverage
 700/800/900/1800/2100
 SUL or DC
 Wide bandwidth available
 800MHz/Operator
 Large path loss
 FWA (Outdoor CPE) / Hotspot
 2.6G+3.5G to improve user
experience
 Deep and wide coverage
 Narrow bandwidth (<20Mhz
80% operators)
 URLLC / mMTC
Measurement Attributes/KPI
Accessibility In NSA architecture, it is recommended that
accessibility KPIs, retainability KPIs, and mobility
KPIs be obtained from the LTE side. SA only
Retainability In SA architecture, 5G-dedicated accessibility
KPIS, retainability KPIs, and mobility KPIs will be (will support
Mobility designed. in 5G
RAN2.1)
KPI
architecture
Service • User Uplink/Downlink Average Throughput
Integrity • Cell Uplink/Downlink Average Throughput
(counter-based)
• Uplink/Downlink Resource Block Utilizing Rate
Utilization • Average CPU load
SA & NSA
Availability • Radio Network Unavailability Rate

• Uplink/Downlink Traffic Volume

Traffic • Average/Maximum User Number
Thank you