Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
CHAPTER 5
Chapter 5 2
5.1 BASIC CONCEPTS
2. Characteristics of SIS
- Internal forces and displacement
smaller compared to the
corresponding SDS.
- Internal forces resulted from to,, ql 4
…. 384 EI
Chapter 5 3
5.1 BASIC CONCEPTS
Chapter 5 4
5.1 BASIC CONCEPTS
Chapter 5 5
5.1 BASIC CONCEPTS
SIS RSs
P P P
P P
Chapter 5 6
5.1 BASIC CONCEPTS
X1 X1 X3
X3
X5 X5
X2 X2
SIS X4 RS X4
Chapter 5 7
5.1 BASIC CONCEPTS
Chapter 5 8
5.2 FORMULATION FOR THE CASE OF LOADING
1. Normal Equations
The equivalent conditions X K ( X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n , P ) 0 can be
extended using the superposition principle:
X (X1 ,X2 ,...,Xn ,P) k 1 k 2 ... kn kP 0
K
or k 1 X 1 k 2 X 2 ... kn X n kP 0
Given k= 1,2, …, n: Main coeffs. Auxiliary Coeffs
11 X 1 12 X 2 ... 1n X n 1 P 0 11 12 ... 1n X 1 1 P 0
21 X 1 22 X 2 ... 2 n X n 2 P 0
21 22 ... 2n X 2P 0
1
......................... ... ... ...
or
.........................................................
n1 X 1 n 2 X 2 ... nn X n nP 0
n1 n 2 ... X n nP 0
nn
Chapter 5 9
5.2 FORMULATION FOR THE CASE OF LOADING
km M k M m Nk Nm Qk Qm mk (Maxwell)
kk M k M k Nk Nk Qk Qk > 0
Because km = mk only 1/2 auxiliary coefficients need
calculated.
Chapter 5 10
5.2 FORMULATION FOR THE CASE OF LOADING
M Po N Po QPo
kP M k ds Nk ds Qk ds
EJ EF GF
or kP M k M P Nk N P Qk QP
o o o
Chapter 5 11
5.3 DETERMINATION OF INTERNAL FORCES DIAGRAMS IN SIS
Chapter 5 12
5.3 DETERMINATION OF INTERNAL FORCES DIAGRAMS IN SIS
Y q 0 Q B
MA MB
NA NB
QA QB
3. Example:
Plot diagrams MP, QP, NP.
q
a EJ = const
Chapter 5 14
5.3 DETERMINATION OF INTERNAL FORCES DIAGRAMS IN SIS
3. Example (cont.):
- Degree of indeterminacy: DI=2
- Select RS:
RS
q
a EJ = const
X1
X2
a
Chapter 5 15
5.3 DETERMINATION OF INTERNAL FORCES DIAGRAMS IN SIS
3. Example (cont.):
- Normal equations: qa 2
a
2
a
M1 M2 M Po
X1 =1
X2 = 1
11 X 1 12 X 2 1P 0
21 X 1 22 X 2 2 P 0
3 3 3
4 a a a
11 M12 , 22 M 22 , 12 21 M1 M 2
3 EJ 3EJ 2EJ
5qa 4 qa 4
1P M1M o
P , 2 P M 2M
o
P
8EJ 4EJ
Chapter 5 16
5.3 DETERMINATION OF INTERNAL FORCES DIAGRAMS IN SIS
3. Example (cont.):
Simplified :
4 1 5
X 1 X 2 qa 0
3 2 8
1 1 1
X 1 X 2 qa 0
2 3 4
- Solution:
3 3
X 1 qa, X 2 qa
7 28
Chapter 5 17
5.3 DETERMINATION OF INTERNAL FORCES DIAGRAMS IN SIS
3. Example (cont.):
- Plot M P M1 X1 M 2 X 2 M P
o
- Plot QP : From MP
- Plot NP : From QP (Equilibrium of nodes) 4qa
3qa 7
2
qa 28
14
qa 2 4qa
qa 2 28 7
8
MP QP NP
3qa 3qa
7 28
Chapter 5 18
5.4. ANALYSIS OF SIS SUBJECTED TO TEMPERATURE CHANGE
1. Normal Equations
the k-th equation is obtained using the superposition principle:
k1 X1 ... kn X n kt 0
kt tc N t M (if t, h … = const)
k
h k
2. Diagrams
M to = 0 in statically indeterminate structures, so
M t M 1 X 1 .... M n X n
Qt : inferred from Mt
Nt : inferred from Qt (equilibrium of nodes)
Chapter 5 19
5.4. ANALYSIS OF SIS SUBJECTED TO TEMPERATURE CHANGE
3. Example:
Plot the bending moment diagram M.
+t
+t +2t +t a
Chapter 5 20
5.4. ANALYSIS OF SIS SUBJECTED TO TEMPERATURE CHANGE
3. Example (cont.):
- Released structure and normal equation: 11 X 1 1t 0
- Plot M 1 & N1 1
a a
+t
a M1 N1
+t +2t +t
X1 =1 X1 =1
Chapter 5 21
5.4. ANALYSIS OF SIS SUBJECTED TO TEMPERATURE CHANGE
1
3. Example (cont.): a
a
+t
a M1 N1
+t +2t +t
X1 =1 X1 =1
a
3
5 a
- Coefficients : 11 M1
2
3 EJ
1t tc N t M
1
h 1
3t 3 2a
.(1.a) .t. 2a 2 .t.a.
2 h 2 h
Chapter 5 22
5.4. ANALYSIS OF SIS SUBJECTED TO TEMPERATURE CHANGE
3. Example (cont.): 3 2a
.t.a
- Solution: X 1
1t
2 h 3EJ . .t 3 2a
11 5a 3 5a 2 2 h
3EJ
- Plot: M t M1 X1
3EJ t 3 2a
5a 2 h
Mt
Chapter 5 23
5.5 ANALYSIS OF SIS SUBJECTED TO SUPPORT SUBSIDENCE
1. Released Structures
In order to the equivalent condition always has the form
X ( X1 ,..., X n , ) 0 it is necessary that:
k
X1
X1
X1 = 0 X1 X1 0 (= -)
Chapter 5 24
5.5 ANALYSIS OF SIS SUBJECTED TO SUPPORT SUBSIDENCE
2. Normal Equations
k1 X1 ... kn X n k 0 k = 1 , n.
k Rki im 0 in Statically Determinate
i Structures
Diagram: M M1 X1 .... M n X n M
o
Q & N as above
Example:
1 (1.) X1 = 1
Chapter 5 25
5.6 CALCULATION OF DISPLACEMENT IN SIS
MP MP M Ko
X1
(a) X3 (b) (c)
X2
Chapter 5 26
5.6 CALCULATION OF DISPLACEMENT IN SIS
Example:
qa 2 qa 2
q L “K” PK = 1
8 8
a
MP M Ko
kP 0
Chapter 5 27
5.6 CALCULATION OF DISPLACEMENT IN SIS
2. Displacement due to Temperature Change and
Support Subsidence
t1 t1
K K “K” PK = 1
t2 t2
t1 t1 t1 t1
Mt Mt M Ko
X1
(a)
X3 (b) (c)
X2
For the equivalence: (a)=(b), where (b) is the Released Structure = Statically
Determinate Structure. The displacement on (b) can be calculated instead of (a).
Apply the superposition on (b) :
Chapter 5 28
5.6 CALCULATION OF DISPLACEMENT IN SIS
Example:
Caculate the vertical displacement.
PK = 1 PK = 1
a 1 1
4 2 2
M Ko N Ko
a a
kt M t M ko tc N t M
o o
k
h k
.t.a a
129 2
80 h
Chapter 5 29
5.7 SYMPLIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
- Calculate coefficients: km , kP
- Solve the normal equations
A good Released Structure:
o
- Determine easily M p , M k , the shape of M diagrams
simple easy multiplication of diagrams
- Provide as much as possible km 0 Easy solving
normal equations
With complicated structures or multi-span structures such as
continuous beams, the Released Structures are normally selected
by “cutting” them into independent parts.
Chapter 5 30
5.7 SYMPLIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
MK
Not good:
XK= 1
MK = 1
Good:
MK
Chapter 5 31
5.7 SYMPLIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
qa qa2 q
K
a a a
Chapter 5 32
5.7 SYMPLIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
- Normal equaions:
11 X 1 12 X 2 1P 0
21 X 1 22 X 2 2 P 0
Chapter 5 33
5.7 SYMPLIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
M1
X2 = 1
M2
qa 2
2 M Po
qa
qa 2
8
4
2 a 2 a 1 a
11 M 12 , 22 M 22 , 21 12 M 1 M 2
3 EJ 3 EJ 6 EJ
3 3
11 qa 1 qa
1P M1M Po , 2 P M 2 M Po
48 EJ 8 EJ
Chapter 5 34
5.7 SYMPLIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Chapter 5 35
5.7 SYMPLIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Chapter 5 36
5.7 SYMPLIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Mk
a
4
13 qa 4
yk M k M P
320 EJ
Chapter 5 37
5.7 SYMPLIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
2. Symmetric Structures
The Released Structures should be selected symmetrical :
The unknowns become 2 groups :
- Symmetrical : X1, X2 => M1, M2 symmetrical.
- Anti-symmetrical : X3 => M3 anti-symmetrical.
X1 X2 X1 X3
= +
Chapter 5 38
5.7 SYMPLIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
X1 X2 X1 X3
= +
Chapter 5 39
5.7 SYMPLIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Chapter 5 40
5.7 SYMPLIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
so 1P 2 P 3P 0
X1 X2 X3 0 X2 X3
MP M1X 1 M2 X 2 M3 X 3 MPo 0
Chapter 5 41
5.7 SYMPLIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
X1, X3 : Symm.
X2 : Anti-symm.
Chapter 5 42
5.7 SYMPLIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
X3 = 1
M1 M2
M3
Chapter 5 43
5.7 SYMPLIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
X3 = 1
M1 M2
M3
Leading to 3 independent equations :
11 X1 1P 0
22 X1 2 P 0
33 X1 3 P 0
Chapter 5 44