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• F = correction factor
• Tlm = Tlm actual for multipass or cross flow
• Tlm,CF= Tlm for single pass
15
DATA: • A Q=UAFLMTD
• Crossed flow, one mixed-one unmixed
• Q Qs
• Oil tube • LMTD
To in=15C To out=85C • F graph 10.11 P, R
co= 1.9 KJ/kgC
• Steam shell
Tsin =130 C Tsout=110 C
ms= 5.2 kg/sec
cs= 1.86 kJ/kgC
• U= 275 W/m2C
PROBLEM: A?
Example-Condensation of Steam in a
Condenser
Steam in the condenser of a steam power plant is
to be condensed at a temperature of 50°C (hfg =
2383 kJ/kg) with cooling water (cp = 4180 J/kg°C)
from a nearby lake, which enters the tubes of the
condenser at 18°C and leaves at 27°C. The
surface area of the tubes is 42 m2, and the
overall heat transfer coefficient is 2400 W/m2°C.
Determine the mass flow rate of the cooling
water needed and the rate of condensation of
the steam in the condenser.
• Since the temperature of the steam does not change we can write our
log-mean temperature difference equation as follows
Tln
T h Tc ,in Th Tc ,out
50 C 18 C 50 C 27 C 27.3 C
o o o o
o
Th Tc ,in 50 o C 18o C
ln
ln o
Th Tc ,out 50 C 27 C
o
2400 W
Q UATlm 2 o
m C
42 m 2 27.3o C 3.752 x10 6 W
Q
3.752 x10 W W1 J S
6
Q m steamh fg m steam
Q
3.752 x10 6 W
= 1.15 kg/s
h fg 2383 kJ 1000 W s
kg kJ
Example-Design of Shell-and-Tube HE
SHELL-TUBE HE
• Water (cooling fluid): Water (heatiing fluid):
mc= 30,000 lb/h=3.783 kg/s mh= 15,000 ln/h = 1.892 kg/s
Tcin=100 F (37.78 C) Thin= 200 F= 93.33 C
Tcout=130 F (54.44 C)
• U= 250 Btu/h.ft.F= 1419 W/m2C max tube length= 8 ft= 2.438 m
• Diameter tube=3/4 in= 1.905 cm COUNTER FLOW
• Water velocity= 1.2 ft/s= 0.366 m/s
Assume 1 pass • L > 2.438 increase the pas
• Thout Qh=Qc Qc • A new F
• Counterflow LMTD
• A (total surface per tube) Qc &
LMTD
• A tube number, L