Pengolahan Antigen Protein

dan Non Protein

Functions of different antigen-presenting cells
Properties and Functions of Antigen-Presenting Cells
• APCs display peptide-MHC complexes for
recognition and stimuli to the T
• The antigen-presenting function of APCs is
enhanced by exposure to microbial products
• APCs that present antigens to T cells also receive
signals from these lymphocytes that enhance
their antigen presenting function
The primary responses of naive CD4+ T cells
are initiated in the peripheral lymphoid
organs, to which protein antigens are
transported after being collected from their
portal of entry
 Microbes enter:

the skin the epithelia of the GI and respiratory systems

Microba enter the lymphatic capillaries

And into the regional lymph nodes

dendritic cells capture the antigen and enter lymphatic vessels

antigens become concentrated

in lymph nodes reaches the blood and spleen
Routes of
antigen entry
Role of
dendritic cells
in antigen
capture and
presentation
Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules
and Antigen Presentation to T Lymphocytes

A model for T cell recognition of a peptide MHC complex

Class I and Class II MHC Molecules
Pathways of antigen processing and presentation
Comparative Features of Class I and Class II MHC
demonstration of presentation of cytosolic and
extracellular antigens
The class I MHC pathway of antigen presentation
The class I MHC pathway of antigen presentation
The Class II MHC Pathway for Processing and
Presentation of Vesicular Proteins

• Most class II–associated peptides are derived

from protein antigens that are captured from
the extracellular environment
• and internalized into endosomes by
specialized APCs
The class II MHC pathway of antigen presentation
The class II MHC pathway of antigen presentation
Biosynthesis and Transport of Class II
MHC Molecules to Endosomes
• Class II MHC molecules are synthesized in the
ER
• transported to endosomes
• with an associated protein
• the invariant chain (Ii), which occupies the
peptide-binding clefts of the newly
synthesized class II molecules
 Association of Processed Peptides with
Class II MHC Molecules in Vesicles
• Within the endosomal vesicles, the Ii
dissociates from class II MHC molecules
• by the combined action of proteolytic
enzymes and the HLA-DM molecule,
• and antigenic peptides are then able to bind
to the available peptide binding clefts of the
class II molecules
 Expression of Peptide–Class II MHC
Complexes on the Cell Surface
• Class II MHC molecules are stabilized by the
bound peptides
• and the stable peptide–class II complexes are
delivered to the surface of the APC,
• where they are displayed for recognition by
CD4+ T cells
Enhancement of
class II MHC
expression by IFN-γ
 Cross-Presentation
• Some dendritic cells have the ability to capture
and to ingest virus-infected cells or tumor cells
and present to naive CD8+ T lymphocytes
 PRESENTATION OF NONPROTEIN
ANTIGENS TO SUBSETS OF T CELLS
• small populations of T cells are able to
recognize nonprotein antigens
• without class I or class II MHC molecules
• these populations are NKT cells
 Sifat NKT sel
• Merupakan monositik
• Termasuk adaptive imunity
• Cell-mediated immunity (glycolipids)
• NKT cell bukan NK cell
 NKT Cell
• Are a heterogeneous group of T cells
• Have properties of both T cells and natural killer
(NK) cells
• Developed in thymus
• Secrete large amount of cytokines specially IL-4
• Express markers that are characteristic of both
natural killer (NK) cells and T lymphocytes
• And express αβ T cell receptors
 NKT cells
• recognize an antigen-presenting molecule is
CD1
• CD1 molecules are non-MHC
• CD1 molecules pick up cellular lipids
(glicolipid)
• And carry these to the cell surface.
 CD1

• the CD1-lipid complexes are endocytosed into

endosomes or lysosomes
• lipids have been ingested from the external
environment are captured
• and the new CD1-lipid complexes are returned
to the cell surface.
 CD1 group 1
The NKT cells that
recognize especially:

Lipopeptide
microbial Phospho
glycolipids lipids
antigens
such as:

the myco
bacterial glucose Phospho Lipo
membrane mono inositol arabino
components mycolate mannosides mannan
mycolic acid
CD1 group 2

lipid antigens such as :

sphingolipids diacylglycerols
Nonclassical
lipid antigen
presentation by
CD1 molecules