EFFECTS OF TOBACCO

SMOKING AND ALCOHOL

Rubiya Tufail
Roll No. 184
 EFFECTS OF TOBACCO

 Most common source of human cancers (90% lung cancers)

 Worldwide 4 million deaths annually
 Important cause of preventable human death
SOURCES OF INTAKE
 Smoking
 Chewing, snuffing (oral cancer)
 Passive smoking/ second hand smoking
 AGENTS IN TOBACCO

 Nicotine
 Tar
 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
 Phenol
 Benzpyrene
 CO
 Formaldehyde
 Oxides of nitrogen
 nitrosamine
 ADDICTIVE EFFECT

 Due to nicotine:
Causes direct action on receptors by increasing
catecholamines release that causes:
 Tachycardia
 Hypertension
 Increased cardiac output
 Increased contracility
Diseases related to Tobacco Smoking

1. Effect on tracheobronchial mucosa

 Increased mucus production

 Irritation

 Leukocyte recruitment

 Emphysema
2. Carcinogenesis
 Usually by nitrosamines and polycylic hydrocarbons

 Lung, esophageal,oral cancers

3. Atherosclerosis
 Increased platelet aggregation
 myocardial hypoxia
 Enhanced ventricular fibrillation

4. Spontaneous Abortions and preterm birth

 PASSIVE SMOKING

 Effects of smoking seen in non-smokers in vicinity of

smokers

 Major death cause due to lung cancer

 Asthma and respiratory diseases

 Serious health concern

 EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL

 Ethanol consumption

 Mood altering effects

 Physical and Psychological damage

 Most widespread hazardous drug of abuse (50% of

population in western world)
 Diagnosis

Alcohol breath test

 less than 10% exchanged in breath after being completely
distributed in blood

 exhaled amount is proportional to the blood level

 usually drunk state after 3 bottles

 EFFECTS

 At 200mg/dl causes drowsiness

 At 300mg/dl causes stupor and coma

 At higher levels causes respiratory arrest

 Chronic intoxication leads to intolerance

 TYPES

ACUTE ALCOHOLISM
Effects

 Mainly on CNS (depression, distorted cortical and motor behavior)

 Hepatic steatosis

 Acute gastritis

 Ulceration

 Repiratory arrest at higher levels

 CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM

Effects

 Alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis

 gastritis., ulceration, esophageal varices and bleeding

 Thiamine deficiency causing Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome

 Cerebral neuropathy
 Carcinogenesis (oral cavity, liver, breast)

 Malnutrition (vit. B deficiencies)

 Microcephaly, growth retardation and facial abnormalities in fetus

 Cerebellar degeneration

 Optic neuropathy

 Pancreatitis

 Reduction of mental function in older children