FOOD PROCESSING MACHINARY

Er P C Vengaiah
Assistant Professor of Food Science &Technology

Horticultural Research Station(DrYSRHU)

Pandirimamidi
East Godavari Dist. Andhra pradesh
 Extrusion Process

Raw Hammer Continuous

Pin Mill
Maerials Mixer
Mill

Cooling/ Twin Screw

Expanded
Drying/ Extruder
Extrudate
Toasting

Flavoring Packaging

Puffs Rods and Balls

LABORATORY EXTRUDER

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 SINGLE SCREW EXTRUDER

Courtesy: www.clextral.com 4
 TWIN SCREW EXTRUDER

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Courtesy: www.clextral.com
 TWIN SCREW EXTRUDER

Courtesy: www.clextral.com 6
EXTRUDER LINE

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EXTRUDER SYSTEMS

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Membrane processing
 Definition of a membrane

 An intervening structure separating two

phases and/or acting as an active or passive
barrier to the transport of matter between
the phases adjacent to it.
 MF---cold sterilization
BactocatchR from Tetra Alcross (Pully
Switzerland) www.tetrapak.com

Ceramic
membranes
 Applications of ultra-filtration

• concentration of milk

• recovery of whey proteins

• recovery of potato

starch and proteins

• concentration of egg Wine

clarification
• clarification of fruit juices Nearly 1000
wastewater
treatment systems
and alcoholic beverages installed
UF-Whey protein concentrate manufacture
 Main application of nano-filtration

• removal of micro-pollutants

• water softening

• waste water treatment.

 Reverse osmosis
Application

 Desalination
Production of ultra
purewater
Concentration of juice
and milk

Integrated or composite
membranes;
Pore size<2 nm
Pressure 30～60 bar
Solution-diffusion
mechanism
RO
Equipment
Advantages and limitations of
membrane technologies
Advantages
• No phase change;
• Energy efficient;
• A higher quality product;
• Environmentally friendly;
• Easy to scale-up
Limitations
Long-term reliability not proven;

 Excessive pretreatment;
 Concentration polarization and
membrane fouling;
 Replacement of membranes;
 Method of determining maturity of
mango in tree
• Eating quality and postharvest shelf life
of ripe mango depends on its maturity
at harvest
• Change of peel color and total soluble
solids (TSS) are indicative parameters
to measure maturity of mango.
• A maturity index was defined based on
TSS and colour values.
• The model was developed to predict
maturity using colourimeter
• Colour and maturity index chart were
also developed to determine maturity
• This technique can be employed to
sort the mangoes at export port, big
mandies and in processing plant.

Capacity
About 100 mangoes per hour
Modern Rice Milling

The major operations performed by modern rice mills

are: storage, cleaning, husking, separation, whitening
and grading. De-husking is done in rubber roll shellers
while polishing is done in cone polishers or horizontal
abrasive polishers. The rice mills can be of following
capacity.
(i) Composite rice milling machine-a single unit
(capacity 250 kg/hr).
(ii) Mini rice mills: Capacity of 250 kg/hr. However,
husking and polishing is done by separate machines.
(iii) Modern rice mills of capacity 2-4 t/hr.
Oil Milling

Common capacity of baby oil

expeller is 60 kg / hr of oil seed.
Improved expellers are equipped
with a special cooling system
consisting essentially of hollow
worm shafts or hollow barrel
frame through which cooling
water or oil is pumped.
A filtration system is coupled
with baby oil expeller becomes
an integral part of a model agro
industrial complex.
Dal Milling
Capacity 100-125 kg/h,
Power required 3 hp
Approx. Cost: Rs 60000
Efficiency-82-85%
Versatility of PKV dhal mill has
been enhanced
(i) for polishing mold-affected
sorghum and also
(ii) for cleaning wheat.
Spice Milling
It comprises of two functions: grinding and
grading such as in hammer mills or in pin mill
which gives cool grinding in one direct
operation. No dressing is needed to get fine
grinding. The degree of fineness required can
be achieved by changing screen. The hammer
and hammer pins are hard heat-treated steel,
interchangeable and reversible giving four
times the life of ordinary hammer