LTE Interoperability in Connection Mode LTE GU

LTE Interoperability
in Connection Mode
(LTE->G/U)
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contents
1. LTE Interoperability in Connection Mode
2. CS Interoperability
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Contents
1.1 Technical Overview and Basic Concepts
1.2 Measurement Configuration
1.3 Measurement Triggering/Stopping Phase of an IRAT Handover
1.4 Redirection
1.5 Blind Handover
1.6 Measurement Phase of an IRAT Handover
1.7 Decision Phase of an IRAT Handover
1.8 Execution Phase of an IRAT Handover
1.9 IRAT Signaling Procedure in Connection Mode
States of UE at Switch on
Related to
* interoperability which
will be discussed in
this course
Idle Mode
States of UE
at Switch on PS HO
Data Service
CCO/NACC
Continuity
Connection
Mode
* Redirection
Voice Service CS FallBack

Continuity SRVCC
Mobility Management Overview in Connection
Mode
UE States Types Causes/Scenario Execution
Frequency-
priority-based
Intra-frequency PS HO
HO
Coverage-based
SRVCC
Inter-frequency
Connection Load-based
HO
Mode CCO/eNACC
UL-quality-
Inter-RAT HO based
Service-based Redirection
Distance-based
SPID-based HO
Discussed
back to the HPLMN
Not be discussed
Discussing
CSFB
Handover Procedure
Neighbor Relationship Management Overview
 Neighbor relationships define the relationships between the

serving cell and its neighboring cells, and they play a fundamental
role in handovers.
 Neighbor relationships are planned in the network design stage.

They are automatically adjusted by ANR which is enabled.
 There are three types of neighboring cells
Types The Max Number of Ncell The Max Number of Nfrequency
Intra-frequency Ncell 64 NA
Inter-frequency Ncell 64 8
128(UTRAN) 16(UTRAN)
Inter-RAT Ncell
64(GERAN) 16(GERAN)
Priority of the Neighboring Cell
 For normal handover, if the target system is E-UTRAN or UTRAN, the eNodeB
preferentially selects the cells with parameters
EUTRANINTRAFREQNCELL.CellMeasPriority,
EUTRANINTERFREQNCELL.CellMeasPriority, or UTRANNCELL.CellMeasPriority
setted as HIGH_PRIORITY.
 For the blind handover, The candidate cells must be the neighboring cells with blind-
handover priorities ≠ 0.
UE Capability
 The MME may inform the eNodeB of UE capabilities.
 If the MME does not inform the eNodeB of UE capabilities, the eNodeB initiates
UE capability transfer over the radio interface to a UE, and the UE informs the
eNodeB of the UE capabilities through the UE Capability Information IE.
rmat ion
nf o
abilit y I eNB
UE Cap
UE Capability Information
Includes the “ UECapabilityInformation” parameter
-UE-CapabilityRAT-ContainerList
--UE-EUTRA-Capability indicates whether the
---featureGroupIndicators UE is capable of
UE --UE-EUTRA-Capability-v9a0 frequency-specific or
---featureGroupIndRel9Add-r9 RAT-specific
--UE-EUTRA-Capability-v1020 measurements and
---featureGroupIndRel10-r10 handovers.
Contents
1.4 Redirection
1.5 Blind Handover
HO Measurement Configuration Overview
 After a UE establishes a radio bearer, the eNodeB delivers the
Measurement Configuration to the UE in an RRC Connection
Reconfiguration message.
 The measurement configuration consists of
 Measurement Objects
 Reporting Configurations
RRC Connection Reconfiguration
 Other Parameters Request
Measurement Configuration
UE eNB - measObjectToRemoveList
RRC Connection Reconfiguration - measObjectToAddModList
Request - reportConfigToRemoveList
- reportConfigToAddModList
RRC Connection Reconfiguration - measIdToRemoveList
Complete - measIdToAddModList
- quantityConfig
- measGapConfig
- s-Measure
 After UE attachment, eNodeB sends RRC reconfiguration
message which includes intra/intre-frequency/IRAT
measurement control info which inform UE to perform intra/intre-
frequency/IRAT measurement
It contains all intra/intre-

frequency/IRAT
measurement and report
configuration, including
A1(optional), A2(optional)
and A3(mandatory) event.
Trace from eNodeB
The Measurement Configuration for Inter-RAT
HO
 For inter- RAT HO, the measurement configuration includes:
 Inter-RAT measurement object: UTRAN or GERAN
 Reporting configuration
 Inter-RAT handover thresholds
 Hysteresis
 Time-to-trigger
 Triggering quantity for handovers to UTRAN
 Maximum number of cells to be reported
 Interval between reports
 The number of periodic measurement reports
 Measurement quantity configuration
 Measurement gap configuration
Inter-RAT Measurement Object Overview
 Measurement objects are the objects that UEs measure. Measurement
object information includes the target system, target frequency and
target cell for a UE to measure, as well as the measurement
bandwidth and frequency-specific offset if target system is EUTRAN.
Request
- measObjectToAddModList
-- measObjectId
UE eNB -- measObject measObjectEUTRA
RRC Connection Reconfiguration --- carrierFreq
Request --- allowedMeasBandwidth
RRC Connection Reconfiguration --- presenceAntennaPort1
Complete --- neighCellConfig
--- offsetFreq
--- cellsToAddModList
---- cellIndex
---- physCellId
---- cellIndividualOffset
Inter-RAT Measurement Object Parameters
Parameters Description
Indicates the DL EARFCN of the inter-frequency E-
carrierFreq
UTRAN cell
allowedMeasB Indicates the measurement bandwidth for
andWidth inter/intra-frequency neighboring cells
Indicates whether all of the inter-frequency
PresenceAnte
neighboring cells are configured with the double-TX
nnaPort1
antenna.
neighCellConfi Indicate whether all the neighbor have the same
g configuration or not
Indicates the frequency offset of the inter-frequency
offsetFreq
neighboring cell
Data Configuration of Inter-RAT
Measurement Object
 UMTS
 GERAN
UTRAN Measurement Object

Request
- measObjectToAddModList
UE eNB -- measObjectId
RRC Connection Reconfiguration -- measObject measObjectUTRA
Request --- carrierFreq
--- offsetFreq
RRC Connection Reconfiguration --- cellsToRemoveList
Complete --- cellsToAddModList
---- cellIndex
---- physCellId
--- cellForWhichToReportCGI
GERAN Measurement Object

Request
UE eNB Measurement Configuration
RRC Connection Reconfiguration - measObjectToAddModList
Request -- measObjectId
-- measObject measObjectGERAN
RRC Connection Reconfiguration --- carrierFreqs
Complete --- offsetFreq
--- ncc-Permitted
--- cellForWhichToReportCGI
Tracing Case – Measurement Object
Report Configuration
 Reporting configurations consist of the parameters related
to specific events.
Request
-- reportConfigId
UE eNB -- reportConfig reportConfigEUTRA
--- triggerType event
Request
---- eventId e.g. eventA1
RRC Connection Reconfiguration ----- a1-Threshold threshold-RSRP
Complete ---- hysteresis
---- timeToTrigger
--- triggerQuantity (RSRP)
--- reportQuantity
--- maxReportCells
--- reportInterval
--- reportAmount
Events for Report Configuration
Events Threshold Action
Signal quality in the serving cell is The eNodeB stops inter-frequency or
A1
inter- higher than a specified threshold inter-RAT measurements.
frequency
or IRAT Signal quality in the serving cell is The eNodeB starts inter-frequency or
A2
lower than a specified threshold inter-RAT measurements
intra- Signal quality in at least one intra-

Source eNodeB sends an intra-
frequency/i frequency/inter-frequency neighboring
A3 frequency/inter-frequency handover
nter- cell is higher than that in the serving
request.
frequency cell
Signal quality is higher than a Source eNodeB sends an inter-frequency

A4 specified threshold in at least one handover request.
inter- inter-frequency neighboring cell
frequency
Source eNodeB sends an inter-frequency
A5 A2 + A4
handover request.
Signal quality is higher than a

source eNodeB sends an inter-RAT
B1 specified threshold in at least one
handover request.
IRAT inter-RAT neighboring cell
source eNodeB sends an inter-RAT

B2 A2 + B1
handover request.
Tracing Case – Event 3 Report Configuration
Other Parameters Related to Events
 Hysteresis
 To reduce the number of event reports generated because of radio signal fluctuation, the
hysteresis to the signal quality is used in the entering and leaving conditions for each
event.
 Time-to-Trigger
 When the entering condition of an event is
met, the UE does not report the cell
measurement result associated with the
event to the eNodeB until the entering
condition is met throughout a specified
period, as defined by the time-to-trigger
parameter.
 Triggering Quantity and Reporting

Quantity
Example:
 RSRP & RSRQ
Data Configuration of Reporting Configuration(1/2)
 1.Hysteresis 2.Time-to-trigger
UMTS
GERAN
Data Configuration of Reporting Configuration(2/2)
3. Triggering quantity for handovers to UTRAN
4. Maximum number of cells to be reported
5. Interval between reports
6. The number of periodic measurement reports
4 6
Other Parameters—Measurement Filtering
 A: Measurement value at the physical layer
 B: Measurement value obtained after L1 filtering.
 C :Measurement value obtained after L3 filtering.
EUTRAN
EUTRAN GERAN
UTRAN
Tracing Case – Filtering
Configuration
 This filtering is performed by RRC, smoothing measurement

to resist fast fading effect. A larger value of this parameter
indicates a stronger smoothing effect and higher resistance
to fast fading, but it may weaken the tracing capability
towards varying signals
Tracing Case - Measurement ID
 Based on the object and report configuration, eNodeB

creates one or more measurement ID linked with object ID
and report ID. And this ID should be also included in the UE
report, so eNodeB can differentiate each reports
Contents
1.4 Redirection
1.5 Blind Handover
IRAT HO Scenario
Coverage-based HO
Load-based HO
UL-quality-based HO
Inter-RAT HO
Service-based HO
Distance-based HO
SPID-based HO back to the HPLMN
CSFB
(it will be introduced in Chapter4)
Coverage-based Handover Overview
Moves to
Moves to
neighbor LTE
neighbor LTE
TDD cell Threshold of trigger
FDD cell
Inter-freq HO (IF A2)
is higher than
Moves out
of LTE threshold of trigger
LTE FDD LTE TDD
coverage Inter-RAT HO (IR A2),
Inter-RAT which means that
inter-freq HO is
Inter-Frequency Intra-Frequency
triggered earlier than
inter-RAT HO.
UMTS
Moves to LTE If UE under UMTS move to LTE coverage, there are two options:
coverage  Service is still provided by UMTS. When service ends, UE
will camp on LTE network by cell reselection
 UMTS triggers Inter-RAT handover to LTE
 Using different event threshold to decide handover target

 Handover Priority: Intra-frequency > inter-frequency , Intra-RAT > inter-RAT
 Handover between TDD/FDD looks as Inter-Frequency of LTE system
Event Related with Coverage-based HO
 The eNodeB delivers the measurement configuration related to
event A2 to a UE in connected mode to monitor the signal quality
of the serving cell. The eNodeB may deliver measurement
configurations for two types of events A2 to the UE
Event A2 for •If the signal quality in the serving cell is lower than the
IRAT...
measurement specified threshold
•If the signal quality in the serving cell further deteriorates and
Event A2
for ...
blind the eNodeB does not perform a handover for the UE, the UE
handover reports event A2 for blind handover.
Data Configuration of Coverage-based
HO
 The switches UtranRedirectSwitch and GeranRedirectSwitch
under the ENodeBAlgoSwitch.HoModeSwitch parameter
specify whether coverage-based handovers to GERAN and
UTRAN cells are enabled, respectively.
Measurement Trigger Conditions of IRAT HO
by Event A2
A2 Event
Moves to Moves out
neighbor LTE of LTE
cell coverage
LTE
GSM/UMTS
Coverage
Intra-LTE Inter-RAT
According to radio link condition (LTE: RSRP/RSRQ)
 Entering condition: Ms + Hys < Threshold
 Leaving condition: Ms – Hys > Threshold
Data Configuration Of Measurement Trigger
Condition of IRAT HO by Event A2
RSRP/RSRQ
Measurement
quantities
Hysteresis,
threshold and time
to trigger related
with event A2
Target-based Setting of Inter-RAT Event A2
 For GU, RSRP thresholds can be adjusted via the offsets.
 The offsets do not affect the RSRQ thresholds for inter-RAT

measurement event A2.
 Entering condition: Ms + Hys < Threshold-10
 Leaving condition: Ms – Hys > Threshold-10
Measurement Stopping Condition of IRAT HO by
Event A1
 The event A1 threshold
must be higher than the
event A2 threshold to
ensure that event A1 can
stop inter-RAT
measurements in
coverage-based inter-RAT
 Entering condition: Ms - Hys > Thresh
handovers.
 Leaving condition: Ms + Hys < Thresh
Data Configuration Of Measurement Stopping
Condition of IRAT HO by Event A1
These
parameters are
the same to both
A1 and A2
Hysteresis,
threshold and time
to trigger related
with event A1
Blind-Handover Triggering by Event A2
 In coverage-based IRAT handovers, the eNodeB delivers a measurement
configuration related to event A2 for blind handover if the signal quality of the serving
cell deteriorates to a specified level and the UE has not been handed over.
 Event A2 for blind handover can trigger both inter-frequency and IRAT blind
handovers.
 the RSRP threshold and RSRQ threshold of event A2 for blind handover are the
same and specified in the following parameters.
 Other parameters related to blind handover events A1 and A2 are specified by

parameters for inter-RAT blind handovers
Relationship between IRAT HO and Blind
HO
 The eNodeB delivers event A2 for blind handover but not event A2 for inter-
frequency or inter-RAT measurement if both the following conditions are met:
 The UE does not support inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurement.
 The threshold of event A2 used for inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurement is

lower than the threshold of event A2 for blind handover.
 A coverage-based inter-RAT blind handover can be performed in the form of a blind

redirection.
 If the target system is GERAN, it can also be performed in the form of a blind CCO.
 If VoIP services are running on the UE that reports event A2 for blind handovers, the
eNodeB determines an IRAT handover policy(discussed later) based on the
handover policy configuration and UE capability.
Load based Handover: Inter-RAT
 When high load occurs in LTE but low load in GSM/UMTS, make
some UEs handover to GSM/UMTS
UE eNB
Load Evaluation
Load Balancing Blind HO list can be

GSM Low load Decision configured according to
operator's strategy and
UMTS target cell
networking scenarios
Blind HO Switch is Y
ON & target cell is
High load in blind HO List?
load transfer
N
Inter-RAT HO Blind
based HO
Measurement
LTE Measurement GAP
Event B1 Parameters
Event B1 Multiple handover
schemes according
Triggered to the capability of
Measure Report
network, and UE e.g.
HO Decision PSHO, CCO/NACC,
Redirection
IR-HO Execute
Data Configuration of Load-based HO
UEs in connected mode are
handed over to UTRAN cells
and
UEs are handed and

over to GERAN cells
Blind HO

UL-Quality-based Handover
Scenario:
DL quality is good, but
UL quality is limited,
which result to poor
√
X service experience.
Principle:
When UL IBLER is
HO higher than threshold,
trigger handover to a
better neighbor cell.
Improve Edge User Experience in Interference or UL-Limited Scenario
UL-Quality-based Inter-RAT Handover
LTE(F1)
UL Quality threshold are set by the system.
1. UL Quality > threshold 2
1
2. Sends target cell and instructs UE 2G/3G
to initiate GAP/B1 measurement or LTE(F2) 4
3
3. Sends GAP/B1 measurement
report to the eNodeB
4. Instruct UE to HO
Description Benefit
•Due to the UL interference, the coverage in UL •Guarantee Service Continuity in UL
is limited compared to DL limited LTE networks
•The UE has limited power
•The HO algorithms are implemented for DL HO
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 52
Service-based Handover: Inter-RAT
 Handover voice service when E-RAB established UE eNB
to UMTS/GSM UE initiate service
 To improve efficiency and capacity of whole

E-RAB Initial
system
 To save the investment at the beginning of Only Voip E-RAB
Y
LTE HO
Measurement
Handover to 3G/2G Measurement
according to service Configuration
Event B1 trigger
Measure Report
LTE coverage
HO Decision
3G/2G coverage
HO Execute
Data Configuration of Service-based HO
Distance-based HO Overview
Data Configuration of Distance-based HO
Background of Inter-PLMN Handover
 Besides handover between PLMNs which belong to
different operators, there is another scenario where an
operator may own multiple PLMNs which are
respectively used to provide coverage for different
RATs.
 To enable UE handovers between PLMNs owned by

the same operator, inter-PLMN handovers are
introduced.
Data Configuration of Inter-PLMN HO(1/2)
Data Configuration of Inter-PLMN HO(2/2)
MAPPING
SPID-based HO Back to the HPLMN
Overview(1/2)
 A handover back to the HPLMN policy defines whether a UE can be
handed over from another PLMN to its HPLMN when it moves back to an
E-UTRAN of its HPLMN.
 The SpidCfg.HoBackToHPLMNSwitch parameter specifies whether

handover back to the HPLMN is allowed for UEs with a specific SPID.
 Scenario:
Operator A’s
 Operator A's coverage is embedded in Operator subscriber Inter-PLMN Handover to
allowed to roam A’s home PLMN
B's coverage, i.e. a UE does not lose coverage in B’s network
from operator B when entering coverage of

operator A. Operator B
 Operator B‘s eNB needs to know the Operator A
subscriber’s home PLMN to decide whether a
handover towards A‘s network shall be
triggered.
SPID-based HO Back to the HPLMN
Overview(2/2)
 For roaming subscribers, HPLMN cell will be more suitable to be selected
than roaming cell when entering HPLMN coverage area through
connected mode handover.
 This kind of handover is also an inter-PLMN handover. Before using this

policy, ensure that the HPLMN has the frequency with the highest priority
in the cell reselection policy, and inter-PLMN handover.
Parameter and Setting

UE
Spid HoBackToHPLMNSwitch
1 1 FALSE(FALSE)
2 2 TRUE(TRUE)
3 3 TRUE(TRUE)
4 4 FALSE(FALSE)
5 5 ...
... ... ...
... 256 ...
Conditions of SPID-based HO Back to the
HPLMN
 Handover back to the HPLMN takes effect for a UE only
when all the following conditions are met:
High frequency priorities

and different PLMN
• Comparing with
Switch related
serving cell, a Switch related
to SpidCfg is
neighbour cell should to InterPlmnHo
enable
has higher frequency is enable
priorities and a
• The parameter different PLMN • ENodeBAlgoSwitch.
SpidCfg.HoBackTo
HoAlgoSwitch.InterP
HPLMNSwitch
lmnHoSwitch is
parameter is set to
selected.
TRUE(TRUE) SPID-based
HO Back to
the HPLMN
Example of SPID-based HO Back to the HPLMN
PLMN B PLMN A
CN
2. eNB/RNC get SPID of

2
this UE from B’s MME
1. A’s UE
access to B’s
network 1 3
3. eNB check the neighbor cell list by

this PLMN when UE HO to it, if find HO to HPLMN happens
matched cell, ask the UE to HO in this cell
Handover to HPLMN based SPID can facilitate roaming user back to its network to save the cost.
Contents
1.4 Redirection
1.5 Blind Handover
Redirection Definition
 Redirection is a method of transferring UEs between cells and is a type of
handover when "handover" is used as a generic term.
 When a handover cannot be performed in an emergency or due to

equipment limitations, the eNodeB sends the UE an RRC Connection
Release message, which contains information about a neighboring
frequency in the LTE system or in another RAT system. Using this
message, the eNodeB instructs the UE to initiate a random access
procedure towards an inter-frequency or inter-RAT neighboring cell so
that the UE can resume its services.
 Compared with handovers, redirections do not include a procedure for

initiating a handover request towards a neighboring cell. Therefore,
redirections have lower requirements for equipment capabilities and can
be rapidly performed. The two methods differ in the way to transfer UEs.
Redirection Data Configuration
 The 2G/3G network are generally mature, and may not support IRAT handovers
from the E-UTRAN. In this situation, redirections instead of inter-RAT handovers
can be performed on UEs. Therefore, network capabilities must be collected to
determine whether to enable handovers or redirections for UE transfer.
 If both handovers and redirections are enabled, the eNodeB preferentially

uses handovers to transfer UEs.
Contents
1.4 Redirection
1.5 Blind Handover
Blind Handovers Overview
 To reduce delay, the eNodeB may select a target cell for handover in the
absence of the measurement information. This type of handover is called a
blind handover, which is a generic term.
 Blind handover consists of

 The handover without neighboring cell measurements
 CCO
 Redirection
 If eNodeBs decide to perform blind handovers, they will not deliver the GAP
measurement and related measurement control order but directly deliver
handover commands, CCO indicators, or redirection indicators to the UEs.
Comparison between Blind HO and Normal HO
Measurement report (A2)

intra/inter-frequency/IRAT
measurement activate
Handover command
Handover command
Measurement based HO Blind Ho
 Measurement based handover: HO must be trigged by intra/inter-frequency/IRAT

measurement report
 Blind handover: Skip intra/inter-frequency/IRAT measurement, directly execute HO
based on priority configuration
 Once blind HO is activated, eNodeB directly decide the HO target based on the priority
configuration of each neighbor
The Target Selection Procedure of the Blind HO
Attention: Firstly select a cell in the intra-
The eNodeB selects the system RAT system and then a inter-RAT system,
Star with the highest priority for the priority of EUTRAN is higher than
that of an inter-RAT system.
Are valid Ncells available No

for the blind-HO?
Yes
The eNodeB selects the Ncells The eNodeB selects a frequency

with the highest blind-HO priority based on the frequency priority
The eNodeB filters the target

cells or frequencies
Is only one target cell or No

frequency available ?
The eNodeB randomly selects
Yes
target cells or frequency
The eNodeB performs a blind-HO
Data Configuration of IRAT Priority
1. The eNodeB selects the system with the highest priority as the
target system.
 The priorities of EUTRAN systems
Data Configuration of IRAT Priority
1. The eNodeB selects the system with the highest priority as the
target system.
 The priorities of IRAT systems
Data Configuration of Neighbor Cell Blind
HO Priority
2. The eNodeB selects a neighboring cell for the blind handover.
 Within EUTRAN system
EUTRAN
Data Configuration of Neighbor Cell Blind HO Priority
2. The eNodeB selects a neighboring cell for the blind handover.
 In IRAT system
UTRAN
GERAN
Data Configuration of the Neighbor
Frequency Priority
UTRAN
…
GERAN
Data Configuration of Filtering the Target
Frequencies
3. The eNodeB filters the blind-handover targets to prevent a blind handover
to an inappropriate target.
 For cell: The filtering of the target neighboring cells is the same as that
in Handover Decision.
 For frequency: When filtering the target frequencies, the eNodeB

filters out the frequencies whose PLMN is different from the PLMN of
the serving cell.
Data Configuration of Filtering the Target
Frequencies
UTRAN
GERAN
Contents
1.4 Redirection
1.5 Blind Handover
IRAT HO Measurement Overview
 Step1: When inter-RAT measurements are required, the eNodeB
delivers to the UE a Measurement Configuration message
containing the inter-RAT measurement configuration, instructing
the UE to perform inter-RAT measurements.
 Step2: If the triggering condition of inter-RAT handover event B1

or B2 are met, event B1 or B2 will be reported. Basing on the
reported inter-RAT measurement result, the eNodeB makes an
inter-RAT handover decision.
 The measurement phase of the inter-RAT handover consists of

inter-RAT measurement configuration, setup of measurement
gaps, and triggering of event B1 or B2.
Event B1/B2 Triggering Scenario
 Coverage-based inter-RAT handovers
 can be triggered by event B1 or B2
 The type of event used to trigger coverage-based inter-RAT

handovers is specified by the
InterRatHoComm.InterRatHoEventType parameter.
 Other types of inter-RAT handover
 can be triggered only by event B1. If event B2 is used to trigger non-

coverage-based inter-RAT handovers, cell center users (CCUs) do
not report event B2.
IRAT Report Configuration - Event B1
 Event B1 indicates that the signal quality is higher than a specified
threshold in at least one inter-RAT neighboring cell. When the information
about the cells that meet the triggering condition is reported, the source
eNodeB sends an inter-RAT handover request.
Request
UE eNB -- reportConfigId
RRC Connection Reconfiguration -- reportConfig ReportConfigInterRAT
Request --- triggerType event
---- eventB1
RRC Connection Reconfiguration ----- b1-ThresholdUTRA or
Complete ----- b1-ThresholdGERAN
---- hysteresis
---- timeToTrigger
--- maxReportCells
--- reportInterval
--- reportAmount
Event B1 Triggering Mechanism
UTRAN
EUTRAN Cell
Cell
 Entering condition: Mn + Ofn - Hys > Thresh
 Leaving condition: Mn + Ofn + Hys < Thresh
Data Configuration Related to Event B1
Ofn
URAN
Thresh
Hys time-to-trigger
Thresh
GERAN
Hys
Thresh
time-to-trigger
IRAT Report Configuration - Event B2
 Event B2 indicates that the signal quality in the serving cell is lower than
a threshold and that the signal quality in at least one inter-RAT
neighboring cell is higher than another threshold. When the information
about the cells that meet the triggering condition is reported, the source
eNodeB sends an inter-RAT handover request.RRC Connection Reconfiguration
Request
-- reportConfigId
UE eNB -- reportConfig ReportConfigInterRAT
RRC Connection Reconfiguration ---triggerType event
Request ---- eventB2
----- b2-Threshold1
RRC Connection Reconfiguration ----- b2-Threshold2
Complete ------ b2-Threshold2UTRA or
------ b2-Threshold2GERAN
---- hysteresis
---- timeToTrigger
--- maxReportCells
--- reportInterval
--- reportAmount
Event B2 Triggering Mechanism
Mn
EUTRA Ofn-Hys
TTT
Cell
Threshold 2
Threshold 1
UTRA
Cell Hys
Mp
B2-2 B2-1 B2
Triggered
•Entering condition: Ms + Hys < Thresh 1 and Mn + Ofn - Hys > Thresh 2
•Leaving condition: Ms - Hys > Thresh 1 or Mn + Ofn + Hys < Thresh 2
Data Configuration Related to Event B1
 Event B2 uses the same set of parameters as event B1 except

four parameters: the triggering quantity related to Thresh 1, the
measurement quantity related to Thresh 2, Thresh 1, and Thresh
2. For details about the four parameters, see the following Tables.
 Thresh 1 for event B2

Triggering Quantity Thresh 1
The same as the triggering RSRP InterRatHoCommGroup.InterRatHoA2ThdRSRP
quantity of event A2 RSRQ InterRatHoCommGroup.InterRatHoA2ThdRSRQ
 Thresh 2 for event B2

Measurement Quantity Thresh 2
RSCP InterRatHoUtranGroup.InterRATHoUtranB1ThdRSCP
UTRAN
Ec/No InterRatHoUtranGroup.InterRATHoUtranB1ThdEcN0
GERAN RSSI InterRatHoGeranGroup.InterRATHoGeranB1Thd
Measurement GAP
 Measurement gaps are applicable to inter-frequency and inter-RAT
measurements.
 During the measurement
gaps the UE:
 not transmit any data
 is not expected to tune its

receiver on the E-UTRAN
serving carrier frequency.
Data Configuration of IRAT Measurement Priorities
 This is only available to IRAT measurements on the UTRAN.
Event-Triggered Periodical Reporting
 After an event is reported at the first time, the measurement
results associated with the event are reported periodically by UE,
which is called event-triggered periodical reporting.
eNB eNB
Periodical Report Interval (ms120, ms240, ms480, ms640,

Reporting ms1024, ms2048, ms5120, ms10240,
UE
min1, min6, min12, min30, min60)
The Purpose of IRAT Periodical Reporting

Request
UE eNB Measurement Configuration
RRC Connection Reconfiguration - reportConfigToAddModList
Request -- reportConfigId
-- reportConfig ReportConfigInterRAT
RRC Connection Reconfiguration ---triggerType periodical
Complete ---- purpose
--- maxReportCells
--- reportInterval
--- reportAmount
There are three purposes defined for periodical reporting:
 Report Strongest Cells.
 Report Strongest Cells For SON.
 Report CGI.
Contents
1.4 Redirection
1.5 Blind Handover
Handover Decision Overview
 In this phase, the eNodeB checks the measurement result reported by the
UE and decides whether to perform an inter-RAT handover for a UE or
the blind-handover priorities and judges to triger a handover.
 The eNodeB derives a list of candidate cells from the measurement report
sent by the UE.
 For normal handover, the list is based on the signaling strength, while for
a blind handover, it is based on the blind-handover priorities.
 If the eNodeB receives measurement reports about different RATs, it

processes the reports in a First In First Out (FIFO) manner.
Check measurement result
Measurement Report
Decide target cell
Filtering Principle of Target Cell
 The eNodeB filters out the following cells from the neighboring cell
list:
 Blacklisted neighboring cells

cell1
 Neighboring cells that have a different PLMN from the
cell2 serving cell if the inter-PLMN handover switch is
cell3 disabled. Refer to the section Inter-PLMN Handovers cell3
cell4  Neighboring cells with a handover prohibition flag. cell5
cell5  Neighboring cells in the areas indicated by the IE

cell6 Handover Restriction List in the INITIAL CONTEXT
SETUP REQUEST message sent from the MME.
Contents
1.4 Redirection
1.5 Blind Handover
Handover Execution Overview
 In this phase, the UE and the eNodeB exchange signaling over the radio
interface according to the protocol.
 The LTE system uses hard handovers, that is, only one radio link is
connected to a UE at a time.
 The source and target eNodeBs exchange signaling and data through
X2/S1 adaptation.
In the case of IRAT HO, the eNodeB

sends a handover request and
forwards data over the S1 interface.
Data Forwarding Overview
 Definition: After the source eNodeB sends a handover command
to the UE, the UE detaches the connection from the source
eNodeB. The source eNodeB then forwards the uplink (UL) data
that is received out of order and the DL data to be transmitted, to
the target eNodeB.
 Data forwarding prevents a decrease in the data transfer ratio and

an increase in the data transfer delay that are caused by user data
loss during the handover.
Data Forwarding Procedure
Source eNodeB
Buffering
DL data
Step1:RRC connection
Break S-GW Source eNodeB
Step2: source eNodeB

implement DL data
buffering
Target eNodeB
Source Data
eNodeB forwarding
Step4: Random access
Target eNodeB to target cell
Step3: Buffer forwarding to
target cell
Attention: There are several

scenario introduced in the notes
IRAT Handover Execution Policy
•IRAT Handover Execution Policy Priority:
PS handover > SRVCC > CCO(GSM ONLY) > Redirection
GSM
LTE PS 2G/3G PS LTE VOIP 2G/3G CS LTE PS Idle Mode
PS handover SRVCC CCO/NACC
RRC Connection
Release
Access
LTE Procedure
Connection
Mode 2G/3G
Redirection
Data Configuration of Handover
Execution Policy
 The LTE system is incapable of carrying CS services. If an E-UTRAN UE
needs to start a mobile-originated or mobile-terminated CS service, the
UE will be moved to another RAT by means of CSFB.
Contents
1.4 Redirection
1.5 Blind Handover
Contents
1.9.1 PS Handover for LTE <->G/U
1.9.2 RRC Release & Redirection for LTE <->G/U
1.9.3 eNACC for LTE->GERAN
1.9.4 CCO for GERAN->LTE
Mainly focus on the Gn/Gp SGSN
PS Handover LTE->GERAN/UTRAN
Overview
 The UE in connected mode is handed over to a GERAN/UTRAN
cell after the UE moves from the area covered by both the LTE
network and GERAN/UTRAN to the area covered only by the
GERAN/UTRAN to ensure the continuity of PS services.
HO Trigger, Measurement and Decision
① HO decision: LTE to GU
SGW PGW eNodeB sends HO request
① ② ⑥ ② MME sends relocation to target SGSN

Target GU network establish access
connection
⑥ MME
⑤
LTE ③ ③ HO command is sent to UE
③ eNodeB
② ⑤
④ MS detected by target GU network
④ ②
⑤ BSC/RNC SGSN GGSN ⑤ Target network finish relocation.
⑤
Context exchange with source PGW
GSM /
UMTS BTS ⑥ Release source network resources
MS Source
eNodeB
Target
RNC
Old MME
Serving
GW
New Gn/Gp
SGSN
P-GW
PS HO(LTE-
1. Decision to perform
handover to UTRAN
>UMTS) – Gn/Gp
2. Handover Required
3. Forward Relocation Request
4. Relocation Request
SGSN
Establishment of Radio Access Bearers
4. Relocation Request Acknowledge
5. Forward Relocation Response
6. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request
7. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response
8. Handover Command
9. Forwarding of data
10. HO from E-UTRAN Command
MS detected by target RNC

12. Relocation Detect
13. RRC message
14. Relocation Complete
15. Forward Relocation Complete

15. Forward Relocation Complete Acknowledge
16. Update PDP Context Request
16. Update PDP Context Response
17. Routeing Area Update C2
C3
18. Delete Session Request

18b. Release Resources
18a. Delete Session Response
PS HO(LTE->GERAN) – Gn/Gp SGSN
 Preparation phase (Almost the same with that of LTE->UMTS except for some
signaling message name )
Source
UE eNodeB Target BSS Source MME New SGSN Serving GW PDN GW HSS
Uplink and Downlink User Plane PDUs
1. Handover Initiation
2. Handover Required
4. PS Handover Request
5. Reservation of radio resources in target BSS
6. Target BSS creates the Target BSS to Source BSS Transparent Container
7. PS Handover Request Acknowledge
Source PDN
UE eNodeB Target BSS Source MME New SGSN Serving GW GW HSS

1. Handover Command
2. HO from E-UTRAN Command
PS HO(LTE-
> GERAN) –
4. GERAN A/Gb Access Procedures
5. XID Response
Downlink User Plane PDUs
Sending of Forwarding of data

Gn/Gp
uplink data
possible SGSN
6. PS Handover Complete  Execution
7. XID Response
phase (Almost
8a. Forward Relocation Complete Acknowledge
the same with
9. Update PDP Context Request
that of LTE-
11. Update PDP Context Response
>UMTS except
for some
12. XID Negotioation for LLC ADM
12a. SABM UA exchange signaling
re-establishment and XID negotiation for LLC ABM)
message name
13. Routing Area Update procedure
)
14. Delete Session Request
14b. Release Resource
14a. Delete Session
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Response
Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page112
PS HO(GERAN/UTRAN->LTE) – Gn/Gp
SGSN
 The UE in connected mode is handed over to an LTE cell
after the UE moves from the area covered only by the
GERAN/UTRAN to the area covered by both the LTE
network and GERAN/UTRAN to ensure the continuity of PS
services.
Source Target Old Gn/Gp
MS eNodeB New MME S-GW P-GW HSS
RNC SGSN
1. Decision to handover
2. Relocation Required
PS
6. Handover Request
4. Create Session Request
5. Create Session Response
HO(UTRAN
Establishment of Radio Access Bearers
7. Handover Request Acknowledge
->LTE) –
8. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request
9. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response
Gn/Gp SGSN
C1
11. Relocation Command
12. Forwarding of data

13. RRC message
14. Forward SRNS Context
14. Forward SRNS Context
14. Forward SRNS Context Acknowledge
MS detected by target RNC
15. HO to EUTRAN Complete

15. Handover Notify
20 Iu Release Command 17. Modify Bearer Request
20a. Iu Release Complete 18. Modify Bearer Request/Response
19. Modify Bearer Response
21. Tracking Area Update procedure
22. Procedure as in TS 23.401, steps 2 to 7 of Figure 5.4.2.2-1

23. Delete Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request
23a. Delete Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response

PS HO(GERAN->LTE) – Gn/Gp SGSN
 Preparation phase
Source Target
UE Old Target MME Serving GW PDN GW HSS
BSS eNodeB
SGSN
Uplink and DownlinkUser Plane PDUs
1. Handover Initiation
2. PS Handover Required
4. Create Session Request
4a. Create Session Response
5. Handover Request
5a. Handover Request Acknowledge
PS HO(GERAN->LTE) – Gn/Gp SGSN
 Execution phase
Source Target PDN
UE BSS eNodeB Old SGSN Target MME Serving GW HSS
GW
Forwarding of data
1. PS HO Required Acknowledge
2. PS Handover Command 3. Forward SRNS Context
4. E-UTRAN Access Procedures 3a. Forward SRNS Context Ack
5. HO to E-UTRAN Complete
6. Handover Notify
Sending of
uplink data
possible 7. Forward Relocation Complete

8. Modify Bearer Request
9. Modify Bearer Request
(A)
9a. Modify Bearer Response
10. Modify Bearer Response
11. BSS Packet Flow Delete Procedure
12. Tracking Area Update procedure
13. Procedure as in TS 23.401, steps 2 to 7 of Figure 5.4.2.2-1
Contents
LTE->G/U RRC Release & Redirection Overview
 When the UE in connected mode moves from the area covered

by both the LTE network and UTRAN(or GERAN) to the area
covered by only the UTRAN, the UE needs to be handed over to
the UTRAN to ensure the continuity of PS services. . The
eNodeB obtains the UE capability and knows that the UE
does not support either PS handover or CCO(for GERAN).
The eNodeB instructs the UE to reselect the target cell in RRC
release & redirection mode.
LTE->G/U RRC Release & Redirection Procedure
SGW PGW
②
③ MME
LTE
① eNodeB
③ HO Trigger, Measurement and Decision

③
BSC SGSN GGSN
① UE send target cell measurement to
eNodeB. eNodeB makes HO decision
GSM /UMTS BTS
② eNodeB send RRC Release message
UE eNB RNC MME SGSN S/P-GW
to UE, carrying RedirectedCarrierInfo
1. Measurement Report that specifies the frequency of the
2.Handover
target GERAN/UTRAN cell.
decision
③ UE in RRC IDLE state, reselect the
3. RRC Connection Release GERAN/UTRAN cell with the specified
frequency according to redirection
information.
4. UE reselect the target GERAN/UTRAN cell and launch RAU procedure
eNodeB requests MME release LTE
RRC_Connect.
UE initiates an RAU procedure.
G/U->LTE RRC Release & Redirection Overview
 GERAN->LTE
 The UE initiates a CSFB voice call in the area covered by both LTE and GERAN
and camps on the GERAN network. When the BSC releases the air interface
connection after the voice call is terminated, the released message carries the
Cell selection indicator after release of all TCH and SDCCH parameter, which
contains the information about the E-UTRAN cell (EARFCN and PCI), instructing
the UE to reselect to the LTE network.
 UTRAN->LTE
 The UE in connected mode is handed over to an LTE cell after the UE moves
from the area covered only by the UTRAN to the area covered by both the LTE
network and UTRAN to ensure the continuity of PS services. The RNC obtains
the UE capability and knows that the UE does not support the PS handover. The
eNodeB decides to instruct the UE to reselect the target cell in RRC release +
redirection mode.
G/U->LTE RRC Release & Redirection Procedure
UE RNC eNB MME SGSN S/P-GW
1. Measurement Report
2.Handover
decision
UTRAN->LTE 3. RRC Connection Release
4. UE reselect the target E-UTRAN cell and launch TAU procedure
UE BSC eNB MME SGSN S/P-GW
1. CS call terminated
2. Channel Release
GERAN->LTE
3. UE reselect the target E-UTRAN cell and launch TAU procedure
Contents
eNACC from the LTE to the GERAN
Overview
 When the UE in connected mode moves out of the area
covered by both the LTE network and the GERAN, if the
target GERAN or UE does not support the PS handover, the
system message of the target GERAN cell is sent to the UE
on the source LTE network. In this case, the duration of the
UE accessing the target GERAN cell is shortened to reduce
the service interruption duration.
SGW PGW
eNACC LTE -> ⑥
②
GERAN ③
⑥
MME
⑤
LTE
① eNodeB
② ⑤
④
②
⑤ BSC SGSN GGSN
⑤
GSM BTS
Source- Serving Source Target Target PDN HO Trigger, Measurement and

UE HSS
eNB GW MME SGSN BSS GW Decision
1. Measurement Report ① UE send target cell

measurement to eNodeB.
2.Handover decision
eNodeB makes HO decision
3. ENB Direct Information Transfer ② eNodeB gets target cell info.

4. RAN Information Request by RIM procedure
5. RAN Information Request ③ eNodeB sends HO command to

UE
6. RAN Information
④ MS detected by target GSM
7. RAN Information network
8. MME Direct Information Transfer
⑤ Target network finish
9. Mobility From EUTRA Command relocation.
Context exchange with source
PGW
10. Routing Area Update Procedure ⑥ MME release source network
resources
Contents
CCO from the GERAN to the LTE Overview
 After the UE in connected mode moves from the area

covered by only the GERAN to the area covered by both the
LTE network and the GERAN, if the GERAN or UE does not
support the PS handover, the BSC initiates the NACC
procedure to obtain the system message of the target E-
UTRAN and informs the UE about the message. In this
case, the duration of the UE accessing the target E-UTRAN
cell is shortened to reduce the interruption duration is
reduced.
CCO from the GERAN to the LTE
Source-
UE Source SGSN Target MME Target eNB PDN GW HSS
BSC
1. Measurement
Report
2.Handover decision
3. RAN INFORMATION REQUEST 4. RAN

INFORMATION
RELAY
5. MME DIRECT
INFORMATION
TRANSFER
6. ENB DIRECT
INFORMATION
7. RAN TRANSFER
INFORMATION
RELAY
8. RAN INFORMATION
9. PACKET CELL
CHANGE ORDER
10.Tracking Area Update Procedure
Contents
LTE Voice Solution
 From a technological perspective, there are two standard
solutions to provide CS services for E-UTRAN UEs:
IMS required
Rich VoIP service experience
Fast connection
Voice over IMS Required SRVCC handover
support
Voice Solution
Fast supply voice service for
LTE user
Make full utilization of
inherited CS network, fast
CSFB deployment
Large delay
Network Architecture & Functionality for
CSFB to UTRAN/GERAN
•Need to be R8 ready for the mobility
•Maintaining SGs MSC/VLR management and
association with MME paging procedures
A between EPS and
CS domain.
Iu-cs Gs •Deriving a VLR number and LAI from
GERAN Gb SGSN the TAI of the current cell, or using a
default VLR number and LAI.
C/D
Gr HSS/HLR •Maintaining SGs association with
MSC/VLR for EPS/IMSI Attached UE
Iu-ps SGs •Triggering paging to eNodeB (when
UTRAN
S3 MSC-S pages the UE)
S6a •Initiating IMSI Detach at EPS Detach
S12
•Multi-mode G/U/L
•CSFB capable S4 PCRF
•Support of procedures: MME
Combined EPS/IMSI S11
Attach, Update, Detach. S7 Rx
S1-MME
S5 Internet / intranet /
SGi
Operators & 3rd
S1-U Party Applications
E-UTRAN S-GW PDN-GW
G/U/L handset
•Forwarding paging request for CS domain to the UE.
•Directing the UE to the target CS capable cell. (PS
HO/redirection with or without SIBs).
Contents
2.1 CSFB at the eNodeB
2.2 End-to-End Procedures for CSFB
2.3 SRVCC Procedure
CSFB Procedure at the eNodeB
Star
 CSFB mechanisms
include PS The eNodeB receives a CSFB
Indicator from the MME
redirection, PS
handover, and Triggering phase
Are the conditions for No
CCO/NACC. No initiating a blind HO met?
Yes
matter which CSFB
The eNodeB delivers measurement
mechanism is Measurement phase configurations to the UE
adopted, both
The eNodeB makes a
Decision phase
measurement-based CSFB decision
handover and blind

The eNodeB exectes a
handover are Execution phase CSFB decision
applicable.
End
CSFB Triggering Principle(1/3)
 After a UE initiates a CS service in an E-UTRAN cell, the MME sends the
eNodeB an S1-AP Request message that contains a CSFB Indicator,
notifying the eNodeB that the UE should be transferred to the target
networks which are specified by the ENodeBAlgoSwitch.HoAlgoSwitch
parameter.
CSFB Triggering Principle(2/3)
 Choosing Between a Blind HO and a Measurement-based HO
Star
ENodeBAlgoSwitch.Blind Yes
HoSwitch is enabled ?
No
The UE supports certain No

RAT measurement ?
Yes
Triggering the RAT measurement Blind Redirection Blind CSFB
CSFB Triggering Principle(3/3) - Blind CSFB
Overview
 In case of Blind HO(or redirection) , eNodeB decides the
CSFB target based on:
 Blind handover priority of the target RAT:
 InterRatHighestPri, InterRatSecondPri, and InterRatLowestPri
 Blind handover priority of the specific cell:

 BlindHoPriority
 LAI information ( R10 feature)
Data Configuration of Blind CSFB
1. The eNodeB selects a RAT with the highest blind-handover priority.
Data Configuration of Blind CSFB(1/2)
2. The eNodeB selects a cell with the highest blind-handover priority in this
RAT
UTRAN
0~32
GERAN
0~32
Measurement Phase – Measurement Based
CSFB Overview
 In case of measurement based CS Fallback, eNodeB
sends the UE the measurement configuration, include :
 RAT type The measurement configuration related with both
should be that the UE is capable of measuring
 Frequencies
 CSFB B1 parameters
Measurement Phase – Measurement Report
Configuration
 In Measurement, CSFB is triggered by event B1:
 Entering condition: Mn + Ofn - Hys > Thresh
 Leaving condition: Mn + Ofn + Hys < Thresh
 The B1 thresholds are different from those of handover:

 CS FallbackHoUtranB1ThdRscp
 CS FallbackHoUtranB1ThdEcn0
 CS FallbackHoGeranB1Thd
Measurement Phase – Event B1 Threshold
 Configuration of CSFB event B1 threshold:
Decision Phase – Target Selection
 In the decision phase of a measurement-based handover,

the eNodeB determines target cell based on:
 Evaluation of measurement report
 LAI priority ( R10 feature)
LAI based CSFB (R10)
LTE Core
TA1/LA1
MME
GUL
TAI/LAI CSFB to LA1
Select same LA to CSFB
GUL GUL
TA3/LA1 TA2/LA2
 Priority to select target GU cells with same LAC as UE

registered in GU NW during CSFB to avoid LAU (0.5s~3s).
 Support national Roaming UE to select suitable fallback
RAT/Cell bases on LAI Indicator among multi-PLMNs.
Execution Phase - CSFB to
GERAN Star
The eNodeB receives a CSFB

indicator from MME
Yes ENodeBAlgoSwitch.BlindHoS
witch is enabled ?
No
Does the UE support B1 No
measurement ?
Yes
The eNodeB delivers B1
measurement
configuration to the UE
The UE sends measurement

reports to the eNodeB
No
CCO/NACC Switch=ON ? No No
Is PS handover enabled? Flash CSFB Switch=ON ?
Yes Yes
Does the UE support No No The UE supports Rel.9 RRC No
Does the UE support PS HO? with SIB & eNodB has stored
PS HO?
Yes Yes target cells’ SI ?
PS HO based CSFB Redirection
CCO/NACC based CSFB Flash CSFB based CSFB
Execution Phase - CSFB to UTRAN
Star
The eNodeB receives a CSFB

indicator from MME
Yes ENodeBAlgoSwitch.BlindHoS
witch is enabled ?
No
Does the UE support B1 No
measurement ?
Yes
The eNodeB delivers B1
measurement
configuration to the UE
The UE sends measurement

reports to the eNodeB
No No
Is PS handover enabled? Flash CSFB Switch=ON ?
Yes
Does the UE support No The UE supports Rel.9 RRC No
PS HO? with SIB & eNodB has stored
Yes target cells’ SI ?
Redirection
PS HO based CSFB Flash CSFB based CSFB
Flash CSFB (Redirection Based on R9)
 To support Flash CS Fallback,

GSM/UMTS LTE Core
Core eNodeB requires exchange
SGSN
MME
information between E-UTRAN
RIM Response
and GERAN/UTRAN through

RIM Request the core networks.
 Saving 1s for UMTS compare
with R8 CSFB
 Saving 2s for GSM compare

with R8 CSFB
UTRAN/GERAN EUTRAN
RIM Configuration

Contents
2.3 SRVCC Procedure
Mechanisms of CSFB
Mechanism Supported RAT Impact on Network CS Access

Delay
Based on PS UTRAN/GERAN Complex Short
handover
Based on Redirection UTRAN/GERAN Simple Long
/CDMA2000
Flash CSFB UTRAN/GERAN Medium Short
(Redirection with RIM)
CSFB based on GERAN Medium Medium

CCO/NACC
Combined EPS/IMSI Attach Procedure
Contents
2.2.1 CSFB to UTRAN
2.2.2 CSFB to GERAN
2.3 SRVCC Procedure
CSFB to UTRAN
 Based on the capabilities of UEs and networks, the
following mechanisms are available for an eNodeB to
perform CSFB to UTRAN
 CSFB based on PS redirection for MOC(Mobile-Originated
Calls)
 Flash CS Fallback
 CSFB based on PS handover for MOC(Mobile-Originated

Calls)
 CSFB to UTRAN Procedure for MTC (Mobile-Terminated

Calls)

(Flash)CSFB to UTRAN based on PS
Redirection for MOC
UE eNodeB RNC MME MSC SGSN
1.Extended Service Request

(containing a CS Fallback Indicator)
2.S1-AP Message with CS Fallback Indicator
S1-AP Reponse Message
3.Optional measurement report For flash CSFB: RRC Connection

Release with UTRAN
4. RRC Connection Release
with UTRAN frequency frequency/cell IDs/cell system
information
S1 UE context release
5. LAU, combined RAU/LAU, or RAU and LAU
6.CS call establishment procedure
S1 Message Tracing
CSFB to UTRAN Procedure for MTC
 PS redirection and
PS handover are
the same for MTO.
CSFB to UTRAN based on PS HO for
MOC UE eNodeB RNC MME MSC SGSN
1. Extended Service Request

2. S1-AP Message The eNodeB selects a fallback

mechanism and a target cell
S1-AP Response Message
using the CSFB algorithm. For
details, see chapter 4 4.1 CSFB
at the eNodeB.
3. Optional measurement report
4. PS handover preparation phase

PS handover
procedure
Handover Command
Handover
Command
5.CS call establishment procedure with LAU or combined RAU/LAU
6.PS handover execution phase
Contents
2.2.1 CSFB to UTRAN
2.2.2 CSFB to GERAN
2.3 SRVCC Procedure
CSFB to GERAN
 Based on the capabilities of UEs and networks, the following
mechanisms are available for an eNodeB to perform CSFB to
GERAN
 CSFB based on PS redirection for MOC
 Flash CSFB (New introduced in eRAN3.0)
 CSFB based on PS handover for MOC
 CSFB based on CCO/NACC for MOC

 CCO is short for “cell change order”
 NACC is short for “network assistant cell change”
 CSFB to GERAN Procedure for MTC is the same to that of CSFB to

UTRAN

(Flash)CSFB to GERAN based on PS
Redirection for MOC
UE eNodeB BSC MME MSC SGSN

2.S1-AP Message with CS Fallback Indicator
S1-AP Reponse Message
3.Optional measurement report For flash CSFB: RRC Connection

Release with UTRAN
4. RRC Connection Release with
GERAN frequency group frequency/PCIs/cell system
information
S1 UE context release
5. LAU, combined RAU/LAU, or RAU and LAU Completely similar with

that of (Flash)CSFB to
6. Suspend
UTRAN except the points
in italic and red with
7.CS call establishment procedure underline
CSFB to GERAN based on PS HO for
MOC UE eNodeB BSC MME MSC SGSN SGW
PGW
1. Extended Service Request
2. S1-AP Message The eNodeB selects a fallback

mechanism and a target cell
using the CSFB algorithm. For
details, see chapter 4 4.1 CSFB
at the eNodeB.
3. Optional measurement report
4. PS handover preparation phase

PS
handover
Handover Command procedure
Handover
Command
4b. Suspend Update
Bearers
5.CS call establishment procedure with LAU or combined RAU/LAU
6.PS handover execution phase
CSFB Based on CCO/NACC(GERAN)
UE eNodeB BSC MME MSC SGSN

2.S1-AP Message
3.Optional measurement report
4. MobilityFromEUTRACommand
(CCO optionally with NACC)
5.LAU, combined RAU/LAU, or RAU and LAU
6.Suspend
7.CS call establishment procedure
8. S1 UE context release
Contents
2.3 SRVCC Procedure
LTE – GSM/UMTS SRVCC Flow
Summary
 GUL Interoperability procedure
 GUL Interoperability scenarios
 GUL Interoperability algorithm principles and data

configuration related
Appendix 1: Subscriber Identity Mapping
 The mappings are described briefly as follows slides.
 For the details on the mappings between the Globally

Unique Temporary Identity (GUTI), RAI, PTMSI, and PTMSI
signature when the UE performs GUL interworking, see
sections 2.8.2.1 and 2.8.2.1 of 3GPP TS23.003.
Appendix 1: Mapping from a GUTI to an
RAI, and P-TMSI Signature
GUTI-to-RAI mappings
RAI Component Mapping Data Source
MCC MCC in the GUTI
MNC MNC in the GUTI
LAC MME Group ID
RAC MME Code
GUTI-to-P-TMSI mappings
P-TMSI Component Mapping Data Source
31 to 30 11
Bits 29 to 24 Bits 29 to the M-TMSI
Bits 23 to 16 MME CODE
Bits 15 to 0 Bits 15 to the M-TMSI
P-TMSI Signature Bits 23 to the M-TMSI
Appendix 1: Mapping from P-TMSI/RAI to
GUTI
Mapping of P-TMSI/RAI to GUTI
GUTI Component Mapping Data Source
MCC MCC in the RAI
MNC MNC in the RAI
MME Group ID LAC in the RAI
MME Code Bits 23 to 16 of the P-TMSI, namely higher-order
8 bits of the NRI
M-TMSI (bits 31 to 30) 11
M-TMSI (bits 29 to 24) Bits 29 to the P-TMSI
M-TMSI (bits 23 to 16) RAC in the RAI
M-TMSI (bits 15 to 0) Bits 15 to the P-TMSI
Thank you
www.huawei.com

LTE Interoperability in Connection Mode LTE GU

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

LTE Interoperability in Connection Mode LTE GU

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

LTE Interoperability

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

1.2 Measurement Configuration

1.3 Measurement Triggering/Stopping Phase of an IRAT Handover

1.5 Blind Handover

1.6 Measurement Phase of an IRAT Handover

1.7 Decision Phase of an IRAT Handover

1.8 Execution Phase of an IRAT Handover

1.9 IRAT Signaling Procedure in Connection Mode

Voice Service CS FallBack

 Neighbor relationships define the relationships between the

 Neighbor relationships are planned in the network design stage.

 There are three types of neighboring cells

Types The Max Number of Ncell The Max Number of Nfrequency

1.2 Measurement Configuration

1.3 Measurement Triggering/Stopping Phase of an IRAT Handover

1.5 Blind Handover

1.6 Measurement Phase of an IRAT Handover

1.7 Decision Phase of an IRAT Handover

1.8 Execution Phase of an IRAT Handover

1.9 IRAT Signaling Procedure in Connection Mode

 The measurement configuration consists of

It contains all intra/intre-

Trace from eNodeB

 Triggering quantity for handovers to UTRAN

 Maximum number of cells to be reported

 Interval between reports

 The number of periodic measurement reports

 Measurement quantity configuration

 Measurement gap configuration

RRC Connection Reconfiguration

RRC Connection Reconfiguration

intra- Signal quality in at least one intra-

Signal quality is higher than a Source eNodeB sends an inter-frequency

Signal quality is higher than a

source eNodeB sends an inter-RAT

 Triggering Quantity and Reporting

4. Maximum number of cells to be reported

5. Interval between reports

6. The number of periodic measurement reports

 A: Measurement value at the physical layer

 B: Measurement value obtained after L1 filtering.

 C :Measurement value obtained after L3 filtering.

 This filtering is performed by RRC, smoothing measurement

 Based on the object and report configuration, eNodeB

1.2 Measurement Configuration

1.3 Measurement Triggering/Stopping Phase of an IRAT Handover

1.5 Blind Handover

1.6 Measurement Phase of an IRAT Handover

1.7 Decision Phase of an IRAT Handover

1.8 Execution Phase of an IRAT Handover

1.9 IRAT Signaling Procedure in Connection Mode

SPID-based HO back to the HPLMN

 Using different event threshold to decide handover target

According to radio link condition (LTE: RSRP/RSRQ)

 Entering condition: Ms + Hys < Threshold

 Leaving condition: Ms – Hys > Threshold

 The offsets do not affect the RSRQ thresholds for inter-RAT

 Entering condition: Ms + Hys < Threshold-10

 Leaving condition: Ms – Hys > Threshold-10

 Other parameters related to blind handover events A1 and A2 are specified by

 The UE does not support inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurement.

 The threshold of event A2 used for inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurement is