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TERMS
&
CONCEPTS
Terms & Concepts
Flash
Point
Terms & Concepts
Flammabl
e or
Explosive
Limits
Terms & Concepts
Oxidizers & Organic
Peroxides
Benzoyl Peroxide
Hydrogen Peroxide
Oxidation Hazards
Explosion
Reactive metals &
organics
Spontaneous
Ignition of com-
bustible materials
Organic peroxides
may be shock
sensitive
Terms & Concepts
Vapor
Density
Terms & Concepts
<1
Vapor Air = 1
Density
>1
Terms & Concepts
Specific
Gravity
Terms & Concepts
Vapor Pressure
Terms & Concepts
Boiling
Point
Terms & Concepts
Solubility
Terms & Concepts
Corrosives
pH
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
ACIDS BASES
Acetic Acid Sodium Hydroxide
Hydrochloric Potassium
Acid Hydroxide
Sulfuric Acid Ammonia
Potential
Hazards of
Neutralization
Rxn.?
Potential Hazards of
Neutralization Rxn.
FIRE (HEAT)
EXPLOSION
OVER PRESSURE
TOXIC VAPORS
Terms & Concepts
Reactive
Terms & Concepts
Reactive
reacts with common
materials like air or
water
reacts dangerously
with many chemicals
Terms & Concepts
Polymerization
Potential
Hazards of
Polymerization
Rxn.?
Potential Hazards of
Polymerization Rxn.
FIRE (HEAT)
EXPLOSION
OVER PRESSURE
TOXIC VAPORS
Flammable vs.
Combustibles
Combustible Liquids
Combustible liquid is any liquid
having a flashpoint at or above
100 deg. F.
Combustible liquids shall be
divided into two classes as
follows:
Class II Liquids
Class III Liquids
Class II Liquids
Class II liquids include those with
flashpoints at or above 100 deg. F. and
below 140 deg. F., except any mixture
having components with flashpoints of
200 deg. F.or higher, the volume of
which make up 99 percent or more of
the total volume of the mixture.
Class III Liquids
Class III liquids include those
with flashpoints at or above 140
deg. F. Class III liquids are
subdivided into two subclasses:
Class IIIA liquids
Class IIIB liquids
Class IIIA Liquids
Class IIIA liquids include those with
flashpoints at or above 140 deg. F. and
below 200 deg. F., except any mixture
having components with flashpoints
of 200 deg., or higher, the total volume
of which make up 99 percent or more
of the total volume of the mixture.
Class IIIB Liquids
Class IIIB liquids include
those with flashpoints at or
above 200 deg. F.
Flammable Liquids
Acute Effects
Chronic Effects
Bodily Effects
Acute Effects
ShortTerm
Chronic Effects
Long Term
ROUTES OF EXPOSURE
INHALATION
ABSORPTION
(SKIN, EYES)
INJECTION
INGESTION
Toxicology
Exposure
Duration
Concentration
EXPOSURE LIMITS
(29 CFR PART 1910.120)
PEL
EXPOSURE LIMITS
(29 CFR PART 1910.120)
PEL
Permissible Exposure
Limits
Enforced Standards
29 CFR Part 1910.1000,
Subparts G & Z (OSHA)
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES
TLV
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES
TLV
ACGIH - American
Congress of Government
Industrial Hygienists
Threshold Limit Value
(TLV)
Recommended Workplace
Exposure Levels
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES
TWA
TIME WEIGHTED AVERAGE
TWA
Average concentrations of
exposure
Based on duration of exposure
EXAMPLE:
1000 ppm for 1 hours
500 ppm for 2 hours
200 ppm for 3 hours
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES
STEL
SHORT TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT
STEL
The concentration to
which workers can be
exposed continuously for
a short period of time
(usually 15 minutes)
without suffering adverse
effects.
Hazardous
Concentrations
IDLH
Atmospheric Testing
1st Oxygen
OSHA Limits?
2nd Flammability
OSHA Limits?
3rd Toxics
OSHA Limits?
Stratified Atmospheres?
Atmospheric Testing
1st Oxygen
19.5% to 23.5%
2nd Flammability
10% LEL
3rd Toxics
PEL
Stratified Atmospheres
Stratified Atmosphere
A confined space may contain
hydrogen sulfide, having a vapor
density of >1, at the bottom of
the space and carbon monoxide,
having a vapor density of close
to 1, in the middle of the space
and methane, having a vapor
density of of <1, on top of the
space.
End