ICT INTEGRATION IN ARALING

PANLIPUNAN ASSESSMENT AND

EVALUATION
ICT INTEGRATION IS DEFINED AS THE USE OF ICT TO
INTRODUCE, REINFORCE, SUPPLEMENT AND EXTEND
SKILLS (PISAPIA, 1994).

Rosnaini Mahmud and Mohd Arif (2008) define

ICT integration as the process of determining
where and how technology fits in the teaching and
learning scenario.
KEY IDEAS IN UNDERSTANDING ICT INTEGRATION

• ICT Integration: The integration of ICT in the school practice has not to
do with simple improvements of the traditional instruction but to a
radically new pedagogy; shift from the traditional instruction model of
knowledge transmitting towards autonomous, active, and collaborative
learning through students’ engagement in ICT-based learning
environments and shared learning resources.
• ICT Pedagogy: The effective integration of ICT alongside the curriculum is
associated with a new pedagogy which changes the role of the teachers and
increases students’ control of their learning, self-regulation, and collaboration.
This presupposes a shift from traditional lesson formats, based on transmitting
information philosophies, towards student-centred approaches that promote
active engagement, help them to control their learning, and support collaborative
learning and meaningful understanding.

• ICT in Education: This term refers to the various aspects of computes, networks
(including the Internet), software and other environments that act as a tool for
teachers and students by supporting learning and instruction. ICT implementation
in education is a complex and multifaceted process and, till now, many difficulties
encountered to integrate ICT in the school practices.
 ASSESSMENT IS THE PROCESS OF GATHERING DATA.
MORE SPECIFICALLY, ASSESSMENT IS THE WAYS
INSTRUCTORS GATHER DATA ABOUT THEIR TEACHING
AND THEIR STUDENTS’ LEARNING (HANNA & DETTMER,
2004).

Types of Assessment
There are three types of assessment: diagnostic, formative,
and summative. Although the three are generally referred to
simply as assessment, there are distinct differences between
the three.
Diagnostic Assessment
Diagnostic assessment can help you identify your students’
current knowledge of a subject, their skill sets and capabilities,
and to clarify misconceptions before teaching takes place

Types of Diagnostic Assessments

• Pre-tests (on content and abilities)
• Self-assessments (identifying skills and competencies)
• Discussion board responses (on content-specific prompts)
Formative Assessment
Formative assessment provides feedback and information during the instructional
process, while learning is taking place, and while learning is occurring.
Formative assessment measures student progress but it can also assess your own
progress as an instructor.

A primary focus of formative assessment is to identify areas that may need

improvement. These assessments typically are not graded and act as a gauge to
students’ learning progress and to determine teaching effectiveness (implementing
appropriate methods and activities).
TYPES OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

• Observations during in-class activities; of students non-verbal feedback during lecture

• Homework exercises as review for exams and class discussions)
• Reflections journals that are reviewed periodically during the semester
• Question and answer sessions, both formal—planned and informal—spontaneous
• Conferences between the instructor and student at various points in the semester
• In-class activities where students informally present their results
• Student feedback collected by periodically answering specific question about the
instruction and their self-evaluation of performance and progress
Summative Assessment
Summative assessment takes place after the learning has been completed and
provides information and feedback that sums up the teaching and learning process.
Typically, no more formal learning is taking place at this stage, other than incidental
learning which might take place through the completion of projects and assignments.
Summative assessment is more product-oriented and assesses the final product,
whereas formative assessment focuses on the process toward completing the product
• Types of Summative Assessment
• Examinations (major, high-stakes exams)
• Final examination (a truly summative assessment)
• Term papers (drafts submitted throughout the semester would be a formative assessment)
• Projects (project phases submitted at various completion points could be formatively
assessed)
• Portfolios (could also be assessed during it’s development as a formative assessment)
• Performances
• Student evaluation of the course (teaching effectiveness)
• Instructor self-evaluation
Geoffrey Crisp (2011) in the Teacher's Handbook on e-
Assessment stated that the ICT based assessment can be
undertaken with many devices, such as traditional desktop
computers or laptops, with portable communication devices
such as smart mobile phones, with digital devices such as
iPads or through the use of electronic gaming devices.
ICT based assessment can use a multitude of formats,
including text documents or portable document formats,
multimedia formats such as sound, video or images; it can
involve complex simulations or games;
Teachers can use computers to construct their assessment
tasks, to deliver these tasks to relevant students and to
record and provide feedback and grades to these students.
Computers can also be used to analyse students' responses,
both to provide feedback to the student on the quality and
relevance of their response, as well as to provide feedback
to the teacher on whether the task can differentiate
between students with different abilities. ICT based
assessment can be used to test many different capabilities
and skills that are developed by students.
• Factors Determining Teachers' Beliefs and Perceptions of ICT in Education -
Athanassios Jimoyiannis (University of Peloponnese, Greece)
Source Title: Encyclopedia of Information Communication Technology Copyright: ©
2009

• Northern Illinois University, Faculty Development and Instructional Design Center

facdev@niu.edu, http://facdev.niu.edu, 815.753.0595