TRANSPORTATION

SECTOR
TRANSPORTATION AND
TRAVEL EVOLUTION
Pre-Industrial Travel System Era
• This was the period before the widespread
industrialization in Europe and North
America. It was before the development of
railways in the two continents. There was
little travel. Only few people had the money
and the reason to travel.
Early-Industrial Travel System Era
• During the era, road improvements such as
railways, canals, and steamship services
were brought about due to rapid
industrialization and advances in
transportation technology. Travel increased
because more people who had money
traveled.
Mature-Railway System Era
• This era was characterized by railways
which expanded their operations by running
hotels and providing other travel-related
services. Travel agencies and tour
companies were formed.
• Thomas Cook was, an innovator in this field
during this era, began his company’s
activities in the United Kingdom in 1840.
Express-Travel System Era
• During this era, express service increased.
Trains and other forms of transportation did
not stop at every station or terminal but
only at the major ones. This increased the
speed of travel and encouraged more travel
than before.
Automobile-Based Travel System Era
• This influence of the privately owned automobile
was enhanced in North America and Europe from
the 1920s. Car ownership boomed in North
America. Motorways, interstate highways, and
other trunk highways were developed in the latter
half of this era which was from 1920 to 1974.
• The automobile was predominant over the travel
modes from 1920 to 2945.
Modern Tourism Travel System Era
• The period from 1945 to 1974 is known as
the modern-tourism travel system era. Car
ownership continued to grow at fast rate,
mainly at the expense of long distance rail
travel. The “mass tourism” philosophy and
marketing approaches were prevalent
during the 1950s and 1960s.
Post-Mobility Adjustment Era
• This era began in 1973 to1974 as a result
of the oil embargo generated by the
Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC) and the resulting
increase in fuel prices.
Historical Development of the Transport
System
• The desire to travel is stimulated with the
improvement in transportation. Before
WWI, it took seven days for travelers to go
from coast to coast by steam locomotive.
• The development in transportation has
made the world a smaller place. It is now
possible to take one to two weeks of
vacation in distant places like Europe, the
United States, the Caribbean, Mexico, and
South America. Now, travelers can go to
any place in the world due to fast and
efficient means of transportation.
SELECTION OF
TRANSPORTATION MODE
• The mode of transportation chosen
depends on several factors, namely: cost,
time spent in traveling, safety, convenience,
comfort, availability, frequency of trips,
ground services, terminal facilities and
location, status and prestige, and departure
and arrival times.
Travel by train
• Tourism became organized in later years of the
19th century and the travel organizers emerged.
The first and most famous of these was Thomas
Cook, his first excursion train trip was between
Leicester and Loughborough in 1841 with 570
passengers at a round-trip fare of one shilling. In
1866, he organized American tour. In 1874 he
introduced “circular notes” which were accepted
by banks, hotels, shops and restaurants.
• The negative factors of rail travelers are
slowness in reaching the destination,
inflexible departure times, and lack of
quality, in food services.
Travel by ship
• Travel by ship preceded travel by train but it
was not until the middle of the 19th century
that travel by ocean liners began to
become prominent. At present, water
transport has two major roles in travel and
tourism ferrying and cruising.
• The steamship era began in 1840 when Sir
Samuel Cunard pioneered the first
transatlantic scheduled liner tips. However,
the introduction of the jet aircraft led to the
rapid decline in the ships as scheduled
passenger transportation mode.
Cruise Ship
• Short-duration cruises are more popular
because they require less vacation time
and are less expensive.
• A cruise ship is both a floating hotel and
resort because the guests are housed, fed,
and entertained.
Travel by automobile
• The real inventor of automobile was Carl
Benz of Mannheim, Germany.
• The introduction of the automobile brought
about the decline of the train’s popularity in
most developed countries.
• The advent of the automobile spread the
benefits of tourism more widely and
enabled people to travel individually or in
private smaller groups.
Travel by Bus/Motor Coach
• Bus travel is the most flexible and
economical form of transportation.
• The main reason for selecting bus travel
over other modes of travel are convenience
and economy. Few people choose the bus
for business travel. Bus riders tend to be
older and have less income.
Travel by Air
World War II also led to increased interest
in travel. Air travel had become more
comfortable, safer, faster and cheaper in
comparison with other forms of transport.
The introduction of the Boeing 707 jets in
1958, the age of air travel for the masses
arrived, hastening declined of sea travel.