Seed Distribution and Marketing

Presented By Submitted to
Janjit Adhikari Prof. Dr. Arvind Srivastava
HRT-05M-2018 Department of Horticulture
Department of Horticulture AFU, Rampur
AFU, Rampur
Presentation Outline
Seed Distribution and Marketing
Seed Demand Forecasting System
Seed Pricing
Seed System in Nepal
Seed Multiplication
Seed Market Structures and Channels
Institutions involved
Functions of Institutions involved
Factors affecting Seed Marketing
Conclusion
Seed Distribution & Marketing

• Seed distribution is the last major sequential step in seed

production and supply program.
• The objective of seed distribution is to make available of
seeds at required quantity of desirable varieties and
reasonable price at proper time i.e. before planting
resulting in the higher yields.
• Seed Marketing is a means of seed distribution and
supply. It involves the services, activities and actors in
taking the finished harvest from farm to consumers.
Continued…….

Seed
Demand

Price Production
Setting planning
and Sale

Seed
Marketing

Extension Grading
and and
Promotion Packing
Transport
and
Storage

Fig : Activities linked to Seed Marketing

Seed Demand Forecast System
• Simply, The assessment of effective seed requirement to any
planned seed programme is called Seed Demand Forecasting.
• Principle : The seed supply keeps place with seed demand
(both present and future) in terms of quantity, quality, price,
place and time and avoid shortage and mismatch of demand
and supply of varieties.
• Actual and tentative demand of Breeder and Foundation
seeds for consecutive three years in advance is generally
made in national balanced sheet under assessment of SQCC.
• Factors to be considered for Seed Demand Forecasting
Total cultivated land, seed rate, quantity replacement period
Land under high yielding varieties and amount of seed sold in
last year.
Continued…….

Extension efforts on introduction and promotion of improved

technology
Cultivar preference for varieties, package, kind of packing,
quality and price
Kinds of publicity and sales promotion those are most effective.
Climate of the area where seed is being marketed
•Poor Seed Forecast system in Nepal
-Forecast system exist in major cereal crops but doesn’t seem to
exist in horticultural crops (except few).
-Production and supply of BS of FS is far higher than the actual
demand (in case of cereals).
-No promotional activities to pursue farmers to replace the seeds
of self pollinated crops every 3-4 years and every second year for
cross pollinated crops.
Seed Pricing

• Seed Pricing is done at the location of seed production in presence

of local authorized institutions and seed producers.
• Seed Pricing is done according to the situation of following factors
Inputs and raising the seed crop during field inspection
Post harvest handling cost (harvesting, drying, processing, seed
testing, bagging, tagging)
Seed marketing cost (storage, transport, promotion, capital
interest, distribution)
Selling price (sale including profit)
Grain price in current time and last year’s price
Seed System in Nepal

• Involve community based

organizations (CBOs), individual
Informal farmers and farmer groups.
System
• May not follow agreed quality
control mechanism
• Vertical Organized production and
distribution of tested and
released/registered/recommended
Formal varieties
System • Involvement : Public and Private
Organizations
• Follow agreed quality control
mechanism
Seed Multiplication

Breeder • NARC Research Station

Seed

• NARC/DoA Farms
Foundation • NSC
Seed
• Seed Companies registered to FS

Certified Seed • NSC/STCL/Seed Companies using

contract growers
 Seed Market Structures and Channels

Fig : Seed Network and Market Channels operated in Nepal (Adopted from Gauchan et al., 2014)
Institutions Involved
Public Sector Private Sector Community Local
Sector Farmer
Sector
• National Seed • Seed • Community Farmers
Board Companies Based and
• Seed Quality • Seed Organisation Farmers
Control Centre Enterprise s (CBOs) Group
• Department of Association • Community
Agriculture Nepal Based Seed
• National (SEAN) Production
Agriculture • Agrovets (CBSPs)
Research • Cooperatives
Council • NGOs/INGOs
• National Seed
Company
Limited
Functions of institutions involved

Institutions Functions
1. National Seed Board Seed Programme Planning, Coordination
(NSB) and Policy formation
2. National Agriculture Varietal Development, Maintenance of
Research Council (NARC) Crop Varieties, Initial Source Seed
Production (BS & FS)
3. Seed Quality Control Regulation and Quality Control
Centre (SQCC)
4. National Seed Company Seed Multiplication, Post Harvest
Limited (NSCL) Processing and Marketing
5. Salt Trading Company Seed Production and Marketing
Limited (STCL)
6. Seed Enterprise Seed multiplication and post-harvest
Association Nepal (SEAN) processing, marketing, and seed export
Continued…….

Institutions Functions
7. Private Seed Companies, Seed production, post-harvest handling
Agrovets and marketing
8. NGOs/INGOs Seed development, seed production,
extension, processing and internal quality
control, linking seed producers with
private traders and seed quality testing
services
9. Seed Projects (KUBK, Seed production and distribution
AFSP)
10. Farmers Groups and Seed production and marketing
Cooperatives
11. Agriculture Office at Seed Distribution
Municipalities and Village
Municipalities
Factors affecting seed marketing
Factors Description
Clear Cut Seed Policy - Define tasks and responsibilities of
sectors and actors.
- Support for commercialization of
agricultural services
- Support for private sectors in seed
production
- Recognition of plant breeder’s right
- Recognition of farmer’s privilege( right
to save, exchange and sell seed even of
commercial varieties)
- Export and import of seeds
Availability of well – Regular flow and funneling of superior
identified and adapted varieties involving release or
varieties recommendation
Continued…….
Factors Description
Adequate Production and maintenance of seed quality
production, storage and quantity in accordance with established
and testing standards
facilities
Seed Demand Realistic demand forecasting system, for
Creation and achieving targets of seed replacement without
Collection large carry-over stocks and losses during
storage

Seed subsidy Provision of subsidy for poor and subsistence

farmers
Crop Insurance Provision of insurance for loss resulting from
biological (pests, diseases) and natural
calamities (flood, drought, hailstorm, frost,
earthquake, etc).
Conclusion

• Proper seed distribution is essential for attaining the

required quantity of desirable varieties in reasonable price in
time for planting for obtaining high yields.
• Seed Companies, Cooperatives and Community Based
Organizations are the major commercial actors involving in
seed production and distribution.
• Pubic and Private Research and Development sectors should
facilitate and provide technical support and conduct training
to build the capacity of the farmers group and institutions in
the process of improved seed production, generation of
demand and use of improved seeds.
Thank You !!!