CIELITO B.

TRINIDAD,RMT
What is biosafety
and biosecurity
Why we need
Levels of
biosafety
Biosafety cabinet
types
BIOSAFETY: Preventing
lab-acquired infections
• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Fungi
• Human blood,
unfixed tissue
• Human cell
lines
• Recombinant
DNA
Biosafety is the application of
safety precautions that reduce a
laboratorians risk of exposure to a
potentially infectious material and
limit contamination of the work
environment and ultimately the
community { CDC }
Why we need

biosafety ???
?

1. Lab has hazards of

processing
infectious agents
2. Accidental threat to
workers and
environment
3. To have adherence
with safety
 Why is Biosecurity Important?

• Biological attack In Oregon

(1980’s)
– Salmonella typhimurium sprayed on
8 salad bars in attempt to influence a
local election
– 751 citizens affected
– Over a year later the outbreak was
linked to the Rajneesh
Foundation
– Two members of Rajneesh were
convicted (one is nurse with access
to Salmonella) Analysis. Answers. Action. www.aphl.org
Laboratory Biorisk Management

System or process to control safety and

security risks associated with the handling
or storage and disposal of biological agents
and toxins in laboratories and facilities
the biohazard symbol
was created
 used in labelling
biological materials
carrying significant
health risks
 designed by Charles
Baldwin, an
environmental health
engineer
Classifications of Microorganisms
accdg to risk groups:
1. RISK GROUP 1- includes microorganisms that
are unlikely to cause human or animal disease.
- low individual and community risk.

2. RISK GROUP 2- includes microorganisms that

are unlikely to be a significant risk to laboratory
workers and the community.
- may cause infection but effective treatment
and preventive measures are available.
- moderate individual and community risk.
3. RISK GROUP 3- microorganisms that are
known to cause serious diseases to humans
or animals
- limited to moderate risk of microorganisms
spread in the community but there are usually
effective preventive measures or treatment
available.
- High individual risk, limited or moderate
community risk.
4. RISK GROUP 4- microorganisms known
to produce life-threatening diseases to
humans or animals.
- significant risks to laboratory workers,
transmissible from one individual to
another. Preventive measures and
effective treatment are not usually
available.
- high individual and community risk.
 Categories of Laboratory Biosafety According to
Levels
1.BSL1 - microorganisms
that don’t consistently
cause disease in
humans and is suitable
for work involving viable
microorganisms.
examples: Bacillus
subtilis, Naegleria
gruberi, infectious canine
hepatitis

12
 2. Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2)
• Agents associated
with human disease
• Designed for labs that
deal with indigenous
moderate-risk agents
present in the
community
• Examples: hepatitis B
virus, Salmonella,
toxoplasma species
 3. BL3 - microorganisms
•
that cause serious
disease, transmitted by
inhalation
- Work with indigenous
or exotic agents with a
potential for respiratory
transmission which
may be serious or
lethal to humans.
• M. tuberculosis,
yellow fever virus, St. 16
4.BL4 - microorganisms
that cause lethal
disease, with no
known treatment or
vaccine
Ebola virus,
Marburg virus
( Crimean-Congo
hemorrhagic fever)
Maximum
containment lab;
positive pressure
ventilated suits 18
BSL
4
WORKING SAFELY IN A BSC

Before using the cabinet:

 Ensure BSC is certified
 Turn off UV lamp; turn on fluorescent lamp
 Disinfect work surfaces with appropriate disinfectant
 Place essential items inside cabinet
 Allow the blower to run for 5-10 min before work
WORKING SAFELY IN A BSC

After using the cabinet:

 Leave blower on at least 5 minutes to purge cabinet
 Remove and decontaminate equipment and materials
 Disinfect cabinet surfaces
 Turn off blower and fluorescent lamp, turn on UV lamp
 Introductio
n
• Biosafety cabinets (BSCs) are primary means
of containment, developed for working safely
with infectious micro-organisms
• HEPA – High efficiency particulate air
filter

• It removes the most penetrating particle

size (MPPS) of 0.3 μm with an efficiency of
at least 99.97 %
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEPA
Class II
BSC
• Class II Type
A1

Class II BSC
27
Different Organizations in the Field
of Biosafety
1. AMERICAN BIOLOGICAL SAFETY ASSOCIATION-
founded in 1984
- it promotes biosafety as a scientific discipline and
provides guidance to its members on the regulatory
regime present in North America.
2. ASIA-PACIFIC BIOSAFETY ASSOCIATION (A-PBA)
- founded in 2005 ( Singapore, Brunei, China,
Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines)
3. EUROPEAN BIOLOGICAL SAFETY
ASSOCIATION (EBSA) – a non-profit organization
founded in 1996
- aims to provide a forum for discussions and
debates on issues of concern and to represent those
working in the field of biosafety.
4. PHILIPPINE BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY
ASSOCIATION (PhBBA)
- from health and education sectors
- goal: to assist the Dept. of Agriculture and
DOH in their efforts to create a national policy
and implement plan for laboratory biosafety
and biosecurity.

5. BIOLOGICAL RISK ASSOCIATION

PHILIPPINES ( BRAP)
- non-government and non-profit association
-goal: “assess, mitigate, monitor” biosafety,
biosecurity, and biorisk management.
THANK YOU!