EARTHQUAKE

Epicenter and Focus

 Your target:

 Differentiate the epicenter of

an earthquake from its focus;
and
 Identify different
fault types.
Fault generate Earthquake
1. Once friction is overcome, the
ground suddenly moves and an
____________ occurs.

2. ____________ Process where the

rocks are stuck together due to
friction. Later, the rocks suddenly
slip, generating an earthquake.
3. When too much bending occurs
and the limit is reached, the rocks
suddenly snap. The bent rocks
straighten out and ____________.
4. The vibrations travel in all
directions and people in different
places will feel them as a quake. An
earthquake is a vibration of the Earth
due to the ____________ release of
energy.
 Nepal Earthquake 2015 at Assan

Taken from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6HqcduyK_Lw&t=4s

Where does the earthquake begin?

https://wifflegif.com/gifs/607267-natures-fury-earthquake-gif
Activity 4:
After performing this activity, you
should be able to:
1. differentiate between focus and
epicenter; and
2. demonstrate how movement
along faults affect the
surroundings.
•fault model
•scissors
•paste
1. Photocopy the Fault Model (Figure 12;
you can also trace it on paper). Then
cut along the outlines of the two
drawings.
2. Fold along the lines and paste where
indicated. In the end, you should have
a model consisting of two parts that fit
together (Figure 13).
3. The upper surface of the model
represents the surface of the Earth. The
trace of the fault on the surface of the
Earth is called the fault line. Be ready to
point out the fault line when your
teacher calls on you.
4. Pull the two pieces apart (Figure 14).
The flat surface between the two pieces
is called the fault plane. This is where
fault slip or fault movement happens.
Point out the fault plane when your
teacher asks you.
5. The place where the fault begins to
slip is called the focus. It is where the
first movement occurs. Thus, the focus is
the origin of the earthquake. Be ready to
explain it to your teacher.
6. Put the two pieces of the model
together. The focus is now hidden
“underground.” Now, imagine a vertical
line from the focus to the upper surface of
the model. Mark the place where you
expect the line to come out.
The spot directly above the focus on the
surface of the Earth is called the
epicenter. Show the “epicenter” of your
model to your teacher.
Use your model to show different
types of movement along a fault.
How would the surroundings be
affected?

https://wifflegif.com/gifs/607267-natures-fury-earthquake-gif
Taken from Science 8 Learner’s Module
Foot wall
- the block below the fault plane

Hanging wall
- the block above the fault plane

Taken from Science 8 Learner’s Module

NORMAL FAULT - fault in which the
hanging wall has moved downward
relative to the footwall.

Major types of faults. Source: USGS https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/492159065501989441/?lp=true

REVERSE FAULT - fault in which
hanging wall rises relative to the
footwall.

Major types of faults. Source: USGS http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/7Structures/ReverseFaults.html

STRIKE-SLIP FAULT - fault in which
the hanging wall and foot wall slide
to each other horizontally.

Major types of faults. Source: USGS http://www.unc.edu/~aneumann/GeolOcn_sp05/lecture4_platesandplaces/l

ecture4_platesandplaces-Pages/Image63.html
 place where the earthquake starts
 The focus is underground, along
the fault plane
 The spot on the surface of the
Earth that is directly above the
focus.
 Check Your Understanding
Directions:
Using your android phone and
application answer
following questions.
Assignment:
In a ½ crosswise paper answer
the question below.

 How would the surroundings be

affected by an earthquake?