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ADMINSTRATION
COURSE INSTRUCTOR: DR TAHIR AHMAD WANI
What is a hospital
Hospital is an Institution for The Care, Cure,
and Treatment of the Sick and Wounded,
for the Study of Diseases and for the
Training of Doctors And Nurses.
(STEADMAN’S MEDICAL DICTIONARY)
What is a hospital
‘ The hospital is an integral part of a social and medical
organization, the function of which is to provide for the
population complete healthcare, both curative and
preventive, and whose out- patient services reach out to the
family in its home environment; the hospital is also a centre
for the training of health workers and for bio- social
research’.
-WHO Expert Committee, 1956
What is a hospital
A hospital is a residential establishment which provides
short-term and long-term medical care consisting of
observational, diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitative
services for persons suffering or suspected to be suffering
from a disease or injury and for parturient. It may or may
not also provide services for ambulatory patients on an out-
patient basis’.
-WHO Expert Committee, 1963
Philosophy
To maintain the highest quality of services of curative, restorative and
preventive services to all persons who seek its services.
To render high standard of patient care in all functional areas of the
hospital.
Commitment to research in patient care, educational training and
management.
Commitments as screening and referral centre for patient suffering
from particularly complex health problem
OBJECTIVES
Provide optimum health services
Provide care, cure, preventive service.
Protect the human rights of clients.
Provide training for professionals.
Provide in-service/continuing education in all discipline professional
technical personnel.
Participate/conduct research
Classification of Hospital
1. Based on Objective
a. General hospitals
b. Special hospitals
c. Teaching cum Research Hospital
Classification of Hospital
2. Based on Administration, ownership, control or financial income
a. Governmental or public
b. Non-governmental or private
c. Semi Govt Hospital
d. Voluntary Agency Hospitals
Classification of Hospital
3. Based on Length of Stay
a. Short-term or short-stay hospitals (Stay less than 30 days)
b. Long-term or long-stay hospitals: (Stay more than 30 days)
• Curative Services
Internal External
Function Function
• Curative Services • Health Education
• Preventive Care • Attending Referrals
• Health Promotion • Specialist Support
• Rehabilitation • Outreach Services
Organizational Structure
• Organizational Structure refers to levels of management within a
hospital.
• Levels allow efficient management of hospital departments.
• The structure helps one understand the hospital’s chain of command.
• Organizational structure varies from hospital to hospital.
• Large hospitals have complex organizational structures.
• Smaller hospitals tend to have much simpler organizational structures.
Organizational Structure Board
Administration
• The employees behaviour was not affected by job conditions alone, there were
internal reactions to the job situation also, that affect their behaviour.
• Human relations refer to the way in which managers interact with their
subordinates. When the focus of management is human beings and human
relations, the morale of workers goes up and is positively reflected in increased
productivity and efficiency of the organisation.
• Elton mayo is regarded as the father of human relation approach. He conducted a
series of experiment at the Hawthorne plant of the GE company to study the
impact of illumination and other working conditions on the productivity of
workers. Known as Hawthorne studies.
Role
Towards
Patient
ROLE
Role Role
Towards Towards
Organization Community
ROLES TOWARDS PATIENTS
Clinical Needs
Safety Needs
Emotional Needs
Educational Needs
Staff Attitude
Patient Satisfaction
ROLES TOWARDS COMMUNITY
Community Education
ROLES TOWARDS ORGANISATION
Ethics
Public Relations
Quality
marketing Decision Making
MIS
MANAGERIAL FUNCTIONS OF HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION
1. Working with People: Balance the goals of the hospitals by working with patient care teams
where physician is the kingpin (who in turn works with others in rendering patient care).
Understand workers, their motivations and aspirations, and knit them together as a team.
2. The Enabling Role: Ensure the provision of necessary physical facilities and ensure that the
supportive services are available in the right amount, of the right quality, and at the right
time and place.
3. Hospital Administration and Staff: Understand the staff and understand variations in styles
of administration.
4. Staff Motivation: Develop measures to keep up motivation of all categories of staff, and be
constantly on the look-out for cases of dissatisfaction and conflict.
ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION
5. Facilitating Decision Making: Provide appropriate inputs to decision making at the clinical
departmental level, and coordinate decision making at the interdepartmental level.
6. Management of Resources: His judgement may not necessarily be superior to that of the
experts who propose the case, but his position is the most appropriate one from which to
make it.
7. Negotiating: Steer closer to “creative problem solving” situation, rather than turning to a
“choice” situation. Emotions do play a part in negotiation sessions, but guard against them..
8. Containing Costs: Exercise control over financial matters through costing, cost-control,
budgeting and judicious investment of hospital funds.
ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION
Source: Adapted from UNICEF Guide for Monitoring and Evaluation, 1991.
Guidelines for Evaluation (FIVE phases)
Phase A: Planning the Evaluation
• Surveys/questionnaires;
• Registries
• Activity logs;
• Administrative records;
• Patient/client charts;
• Registration forms;
• Case studies;
• Attendance sheets.
Phase D: Reporting Findings
IMPORTANT
NOT-
IMPORTANT
Recent Advances
1. Cost-Cutting Focus
2. Health Care IT Management Professionals in Demand
3. Drug Shortage Becomes Top Priority
4. Social Media in Health Care
5. Population Health Management Strategies to Advert Readmissions
6. Privacy Becomes More Important
7. Compliance to State and Central Laws
8. Process Improvements
9. Implementation of Technological Advancements
10.Evolving Leadership Opportunities
11.Medical Tourism
12.Outsourcing Hospital Services Public Private Partnership
13.Hospital Accreditation and Quality Control.
14.Hospital Disaster Management.
Recent Advances
1. Clinical Decision Support Design, Development and Implementation
2. Decision Support Systems
3. E-Health and M-Health
4. IS in Healthcare
5. IT Applications in Health Organizations and Practices
6. IT Applications in Physical Therapeutic Treatments
7. IT security and privacy issues
8. Management of Emerging Health Care Technologies
9. Medical informatics
10.Nursing Expert Systems
11.Pharmaceutical and Home Healthcare Informatics
12.Rehabilitative Technologies
13.Role of informatics specialists
14.Telemedicine
15.Virtual health technologies
Corporate Social Responsibility
1. India is the first country in the world to make corporate social responsibility (CSR)
mandatory, following an amendment to The Company Act, 2013 in April 2014.
2. Businesses can invest their profits in areas such as education, poverty, gender equality,
and hunger.
3. The amendment notified in the Schedule VII of the Companies Act advocates that
those companies with a net worth of US$73 million (Rs 4.96 billion) or more, or an
annual turnover of US$146 million (Rs 9.92 billion) or more, or a net profit of
US$732,654 (Rs 50 million) or more during a financial year, shall earmark 2 percent of
average net profits of three years towards CSR
• Getting license to operate– from key stakeholders not just shareholders
• Reputation Management
• More Efficient use of resources
• Enhanced patient loyalty
• Increased Ability to Attract and Retain Quality Employees
• Responsible Competiveness
• Attracting Investors and Business partners
• Governmental Support