FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE

(QUALITATIVE)
MODERATOR
DR.M.N.CHARY
M.D.(HOMOEO)
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR & P.G.GUIDE
DEPARTMENT OF MATERIA MEDICA

PRESENTER
P.PRAMODITHA
P.G. BATCH XVIII
DEPARTMENT OF HOMOEOPATHIC PHARMACY
Statistics is collecting information,
presenting, calculating,
comparing, concluding. Means
the ultimate goal is to make a
decision. The same thing applied
in biology is biostatistics
.
The obtained statistical data
can be divided in to two
categories.
1.Qualitative data
2. Quantitative data
They are classified as counting the
individuals having the same
characteristic of attribute and not
by the measurement.
It is also variable but not
continuous variable.

E.g. favourite colour-blue,

height-tall, etc.
It is nominal means which has no interval where we
can’t differentiate which is high or which is low.
E.g. Colour, taste, smell, gender, race, sport, etc. it is
ordinal where we can differentiate high, low, average. E.g.
size (small, medium, large), attitudes(strongly disagree,
disagree, neutral, agree, strongly agree).
That the difference between these categories is not
something we can measure.
There is only one variable i.e. no .of
persons and not the characteristic. Persons
with same characteristic are counted to
form specific groups or classes such as
attacked, escaped, died, cured, relieved,
vaccinated, males, young, old, treated, not
treated, on drug, on placebo, etc.
Frequency distribution is an
organized tabulation/graphical
representation of the number of
individuals in each category on
the scale of measurement.
It shows whether the observations
are high or low and also whether
they are concentrated in one area
or spread out across the entire
scale
Frequency distribution
presents a picture of how
the individual observations
are distributed in the
measurement scale.
METHODS OF PRESENTATION
Two main methods of presenting data

1. Tabulation
2. Drawing
 TABULATION
Tabulation are devices
for presenting data from
a mass of statistical data.
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE
OR
FREQUENCY TABLE
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
"The process of determining
the number of times a score
occurs, that is, the frequency
of its occurrence."
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE

A tabular arrangement of the

data that shows the frequency
of occurrence of the different
values of the variables.
Frequency distributions are
visual displays that organize
and present frequency counts
so that the information can be
interpreted more easily.
 Observations of master table and presents the data
very concisely, giving all information at a glance. All
the frequencies considered together form the frequency
distribution.
 The number of persons in each group is called the
frequency of that group.
 It records how frequently a characteristic or an event
occurs in persons of the same group.
Tabulations of frequencies may be for

I.Qualitative data
II.Quantitative data
 QUALITATIVE DATA
In qualitative data, there is no notion
of magnitude or size of the attribute,
hence the presentation of frequency
distribution is very simple because
the characteristic is not variable but
discrete.
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
DRAWINGS
the frequencies of a
characteristic can be
presented by two kinds of
drawings ---
graphs and diagrams.
 The drawings are meant for
 Non-statistical minded people
Who want to study the relative values or
frequencies of persons or events.

 Statistical minded persons

They are for quick eye readings.
 Presentation of qualitative, discrete or
counted data

1. Bar diagram
2. Pie or sector diagram
3. Pictogram or picture diagram
4. Map diagram or spot map
PRESENTATION OR ILLUSTRATION
OF QUALITATIVE DATA
 BAR DIAGRAM
Bar chart or diagram is a popular and easy
method adopted for visual comparison of the
magnitude of different frequencies in discrete
data.
E.g. morbidity, mortality, immunization status
of population in different ages, sexes,
professions or places.
 BAR DIAGRAM
It is used to compare the
frequency (count) for a category
or characteristic with another
category or characteristic.
 BAR DIAGRAMS
I. Simple bar diagram

II. Multiple bar diagram

III. Proportional bar diagram

 INFANT MORTALITY (PER 1000
LIVE BIRTHS) 1992
90

80 WOMEN'S LIFE EXPECTANCY

(years) 1990
72
70
70
60
68
50 66

82
64
40
62 70

30 60

20 58
60
56
10 18
54
0 Kerala India
KERALA INDIA
 AGE SPECIFIC FRETILITY RATES IN INDIA

45-49 12.1
19.6

40-44 30.6
44

35-39 66.8
102.5

30-34 117
167.7

25-29 191.3
232.1

20-24 234
246.9

15-19 76.1
90.4

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

1991 1981
 AVERAGE BIRTHS PER WOMEN
8
6.9
7 6.7
6.3
6 5.9
6 5.7
(BIRTHS PER WOMAN)
TOTAL FERTILITY RATE

5 4.5
4.1
4
3.1
3 2.8 2.7
2.3
1.9
2 1.7

1963 1993
 PIE OR SECTOR DIAGRAM

The frequencies of the groups

are shown in a circle. Degrees
of difference at a glance.
PIE CHART SHOWING THE MONTHLY EXPENSES OF A FAMILY WITH FOUR CHILDREN
A pie chart (or a circle chart)

It is a circular statistical graphic, which

is divided into sectors to illustrate
numerical proportion.
E.g. Blood groups, Rh groups, age groups,
sex groups, causes of mortality or social
groups in a population.
 PICTOGRAM OR PICTURE DIAGRAM
 In this method the variable is
presented by a picture which should
be self-explanatory.
 The objective of using this method
to present a data is to create an
immediate effect on the espectators.
 AIDS AIDS

LATE HIV LATE HIV DISEASE

DISEASE
EARLY HIV DISEASE EARLY HIV DISEASE

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES INDUSTRIALLY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

It is a popular method to impress
the frequency of the occurrence of
events to common man such as
attacks, deaths, number operated,
admitted, discharged, accidents,
etc. in a population.
 MAP DIAGRAM OR SPOT MAP
These maps are prepared to
show geographical distribution
of frequencies of characteristic.
Find the lowest and highest values
of the variables

Decide on the width of the class

intervals

Include all possible values of the

variable.
It is advisable to have equal class widths. Unequal
class widths should be used only when large gaps
exist in data.

The class intervals should be mutually exclusive

and non over lapping.

Open-ended classes at the lower and upper side

(e.g., <10, >100) should be avoided.
Frequency distribution table-
uses
It is use to rank the disorganized
data from highest to lowest or vice
versa.
It is quite useful for data analysis.
It allows the researcher to have a
glance at the entire data
conveniently.
It is use to organize tabulation of the no. of
the individual scores located in each
category for the score and for the frequency.
It is use to summarizes the distribution of
values.
A frequency distribution table is one way we
can organize the data so that it makes more
sense.
THANK
YOU