FIRE RISK ASSESSMENTS

HAZAN
 When we talk about petrochemical
company which deals with different kind of
flammable chemicals or gas and it involves
creation of chemical reaction in production
process because of which it is exposed to risk
of fire because flammable chemicals and gas
are those which easily catch the fire.
So its necessary in such kind of industries
have fire risk assessment and even it’s a legal
requirement to conduct fire assessment by
responsible person on regular basis.
MAINTAINANCE OF FIRE ASSESSMENT
RECORD(FAR)
If a company has 5 or more employees its
compulsory under the law to maintain fire
assessment record .[The Regulatory Reform
fire safety)order 2005].
Main aim of fire risk assessment is to create safe and
healthy workplace by identify the hazard and if
possible remove that in time or else take necessary
steps to minimize the hazard by applying necessary
pre-defined control measures or by way of
identifying new control techniques.
 FIRE RISK ACCESSMENTS
(FRA)
Risk assessment is a process of identifying risk
involved in organizational process, as which
involves identification, evaluation and estimation
of frequency as well as level of risk .
Risk assessment is integral part of safety
management plan of an organization as it helps to
identify hazards and risk at workplace.
So fire risk assessment is a way of identifying need
to prevent fire at workplace and keep worker on
safer side.(Taylor & Francis – 2011)
 DIFFERENT METHODS OF FIRE
RISK ACCESSMENT
1. HAZOP – A hazard and operability study.
2. HAZAN – Hazard analysis
3. Preliminary Hazard Assessment
4. FMEA – Failure modes and effects analysis.
5. Fault Tree Analysis
6. Event Tree Analysis
7. Gretner Method
8. Dow’s Fire & Explosion Index
9. NHS Method
10.Probabilistic Risk Assessment using PD 7974 – 7: 2003
HAZAN
• HAZAN is one of the techniques to conduct fire
risk assessment.
• HAZAN stands for hazard analysis.
• Which involves identification of uncontrolled
hazard and taking steps to either eliminate the
risks or to reduce the risk.
• HAZAN analysis is the systematic and logic
analysis of task, process, equipments and other
surrounding environmental conditions in order to
identify and analyze the source, causes, and
consequences of potential or unexpected risk
which can occur.(Gould, J., (2000))
 COMMON PROCESS INVOLVED IN RISK
ASSESSMENT
• Identification of hazard – first step in any kind of risk assessment tool
is to identify the existing or anticipated risk.(Kletz, T. A., (1983) )
• Identification of risk involved and who( employees at work ,cleaner,
general public etc) will be harmed out of this risk.
• Risk evaluation – it involves calculation of level of risk as well as
frequency of risk that may occur.
• Listing out precautions – once we are done with evaluation we should
list out number of precautions which will help us either to avoid the
risk or minimize the risk.
• Record maintaining – as mentioned earlier its compulsory under the
law to maintain assessment records which will help us for future
reference.
• Implementing the precautions – last step in assessment is to implement
the best selected precautions.
 POINT TO BE CONSIDERED
UNDER HAZEN ANALYSIS
• Employee – it includes employee on the job and other employees of
the organization.
• Task undertaken(detailed process) – production process which is
exposed to risk of fire.
• Equipments and machinery under the task – malfunction of which
leads to creation of hazard.
• Surrounding environment – comprises of factory area, other
departments of company and public area which may be exposed to big
hazards.
Here we need to create relationship among all these factors which
helps us to identify anticipated or existing hazard that may occur at
work place.
STEPS IN HAZAN ANALYSIS
• Analyzing for hazards in organization.
• Prioritizing hazards based on amount of risk
involved
• How often hazard may occur like once in month
or year based on process or task involved.
• Hazan analysis involves quantifying safety
measures that is output is measured in probability
that 1 and 0.
• 1 indicates occurrence of hazard and 0 indicates
non-occurrence of hazard.(Kletz Treyor (1999))
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION
OF HAZON
Under HAZON analysis when we analyze
the situation and identify the hazard we will
get result in probability form that is 1
hazard will occur or 0 that is hazard will not
occur.
If there is a chance of occurrence of hazard
we need to take precaution and apply it,
again we need to analyze the output, this
process continues till the probability is 0.
 PROBABILITY
OF RISK
PROBABILITY 1
PRECAUTION
1
PROBABILITY OF
HAZARD
RISK 0
PROBABILITY NO NEED OF
0 PRECAUTION
 APPLICATION OF HAZAN
• It is applicable on the operational process. means
we can not assess hazard which is caused by
human activities only hazard caused by
malfunctioning will be assessed under this
method.
• Applicable to only those situations in which risk
are in quantifiable form.
• Hazan technique can also be applied with other
techniques of risk assessment like HAZOP, NHS,
FMEA, Tree analysis etc .
 EXAMPLE OF RISK
ASSESSMENT

ACCESSING CHANCE OF GAS

DISPERSION
• HAZAN technique of fire assessment can be
applied in identification of chance of disperse of
gas in the factory atmosphere due to release of
toxic chemical which may cause catching of fire
and may harm employees at work even the
surrounding area if hazard is of higher level.
• Find out the probability of release of toxic
chemical.
• Probability of release 1 means hazard will occur.
• Then we need to prioritize the chance of
occurrence. it can be continuous, instantaneous
or finite duration.
• List out the precautions based on
prioritization. precautions can be pre-
defined or newly formulated.
• Probability of release 0
• When probability is 0 hazard will not occur
so no need to apply any kind of precautions.
ADVANTAGES
• Involves accessing of hazard that means which
may occur in future. Other techniques of
assessments identifies only those risk which are
existed.
• Complete analysis of task, process, surrounding
environment, equipments etc.
• Prioritizes the risk.(David yung 2009)
• Gives systematic and logical output in the form of
probability.
• Gives exact result existence of hazard 1 or non
existence of hazard 0.
• Assessment can be done by 2 or more people no
need of brainstorming.
DRAWBACKS
• Useful only when hazards are quantifiable.(Taylor
& Francis – 2011)
• Qualifiable hazards are unable to identify using
this method.(hazards caused by human faults or
human behavior) ,in order to find qualifiable
hazards we need to apply other techniques of
assessment.
• It’s a selective technique can not apply in all kind
of situations.
• As involves application of logical approach it is a
difficult tool of risk assessment compared to other
methods like hazop etc.
 CITATION
• (CCPS), Center for Chemical Process Safety.
(1993). Guidelines for engineering design for process
safety. NY, NY: Wiley.
• Ramachandran, G., & Charters, D. (2011). Quantitative
risk assessment in fire safety. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis.
• Charlton, S. (2006). Human Factors and Ergonomics
Testing. International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and
Human Factors, Second Edition - 3 Volume Set.
doi:10.1201/9780849375477.ch386
 REFERENCE
• Quantitative risk assessment in fire safety Ganapathy Ramachandran-
David Charters - Taylor & Francis – 2011

• Principles of Fire Risk Assessment in Buildings 1st EditionBy David

yung.

• Fire Risk Assessment Form Book: 5 Forms (100 Pages)Book by Julien

C.
• T. A. Kletz. Hazop and Hazan. IChemE, 2006.

• N.J. Bahr, "System safety engineering and risk assessment."

International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors 2
(2000): 1604
THANK YOU