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-BY ANINDITA MITRA

 Chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway
 Recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest
tightness and cough
 Seen at night or in the early morning
 Usually reversible, either spontaneously or with
treatment
 Affects 25,000,000 Indians every year and this no. is
increasing day by day
 Women>men
RISK FACTORS AND TRIGGERS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
 Minor to life-threatening episodes
 Recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest
tightness, cough
 Attacks may lasts for few minutes to several hours
 Expiration may be prolonged; inspiration –expiration ratio=
1:3 or 1:4 (normal 1:2)
 Wheezing due to marked reduction in airflow
 Nonproductive cough; secretions may be thick, tenacious,
white, gelatinous mucus
 Feeling of suffocation; sits upright or slightly bent forward
using accessory muscles of respiration to try to get enough
air
 Hypoxemia, pulse and BP, resp. rate, anxiety in acute attack
 Absent breath sound from exhaustion known as SILENT
CHEST indicates severe obstruction and resp. failure
CLASSIFICATION
DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
HOW TO USE
INHALER
PARTS OF INHALER
 PEAK FLOW METER
 A peak flow meter is a portable, easy-to-use device that
measures how well your lungs are able to expel air. By
blowing hard through a mouthpiece on one end, the peak
flow meter can measure the force of air in liters per minute
and give you a reading on a built-in numbered scale. If you
have asthma, your doctor may recommend that you use a
peak flow meter to help track your asthma control.

 Regular use of a peak flow meter can help keep tabs on your
asthma by detecting airway narrowing even before you feel
any symptoms, giving you time to adjust your medication or
take other steps before your symptoms get worse. A peak flow
meter can be useful for adults and children as young as 5.
PARTS OF PEAK FLOW METER
 NURSING DIAGNOSIS
 Ineffective
airway
clearance
related to
bronchospasm,
excessive
mucus
production,
tenacious
secretions,
Ineffective
cough, inability
to raise
secretions,
adventitious
breath sounds
OTHER NURSING DIAGNOSIS
 ANXIETY RELATED TO DIFFICULTY BREATHING,
PERCEIVED LOSS OF CONTROL, FEAR BOF
SUFFOCATION AEB. RESTLESSNESS, ELEVATED
PULSE, RESP. RATE, BP

 DEFICIENT KNOWLEDGE RELATED TO LACK OF

INFORMATION AND EDUCATION ABOUT
ASTHMA AND ITS TREATMENT AEB. FREQUENT
QUESTIONING REGARDING ALL ASPECTS OF
LONG TERM MANAGEMENT