Introduction to

the Philosophy
of the Human
Person
At the end of the lesson, the students should have learned to:

1. Reflect in their daily experiences from a holistic point of

view;
2. Acquire critical and analytical thinking skills;
3. Apply their critical and analytical thinking skills to the
affairs of daily life;
4. Become truthful, environment – friendly and service-
oriented;
5. Actively committed to the development of a more humane
society;
6. Articulate their own philosophy in life.
 I am a Human
person.
This is myself.
From Region

Province of

City of

I am________________________________ Grade______________Section______________

This is my Philosophy in Life

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What is Philosophy?
Philosophy can be defined in its
etymological (where the term derived) and real
meaning. Etymologically, Philosophy is
derived form the Greek word “philos” or
“philem” (to love, to desire) and “sophia”
(wisdom). Putting the two words together, we
have “philo” + “sophia” or love of wisdom. Thus,
philosopher is a lover of wisdom. Wisdom in
Philosophy is in how you help yourself think
more clearly, precisely and systematically.
 It was PYTHAGORAS (580-500 BC), a
Greek mathematician and philosopher who
coined the word” love of wisdom”. In one of
his travels in an ancient Greek kingdom, he
was asked by the king if he was a sophos ( a
wise man), he said that he was not but only
a “lover of wisdom”. Philosophy in its real
meaning has been defined by various
authors according to what they think, what
they believe and what they think ought to
be done in the subject.
 Philosophy is the sum of all men’s
beliefs and views about the world which
their actions ( Ariola 1989). The dictionary
defines philosophy as the love or pursuit of
wisdom, search for basic principles.
According to Encyclopaedia America (2013)
philosophy is a rational critical thinking of
a more or less systematic kind about the
conduct of life, the general nature of the
world, and the justification of belief.
 According to Pinion (1995),
philosophy is the science of things by
their ultimate principles and causes, as
known by natural reason alone.
Philosophy is the only science that
investigates all things in their
ultimate causes, views and
principles through reason alone.
Meaning of “Person”
The term “person” is defined in
many way based on one’s purpose. In law,
it refers to the corporation, organization,
partnership, association or other entity
construed to be governed by a particular
law.
In grammar, a person is any of the
three groups of pronoun with
corresponding verb inflections that
distinguish the speaker ( first person),
the individual addressed (second person)
and the individual or thing spoken of ( the
third person). In Christianity, it is any of
the three separate individualities
constituting the TRINITY: the first
person (The Father), the second person
(The Son), and the third person (The Holy
Spirit).
 In philosophy, a person is being that
has certain capacities or attributes. It is
composite of characteristics that make up
an individual a “self”. St Thomas Aquinas
defines person as an individual
substance of a material nature.

In Ancient Rome, , the word “persona”

(latin) or “prosopon” (Greek) is refers to the
masks worn by actors on stage. The various
masks represented the various “personae” in
the stage play.
 The plural persons is often used in
philosophy and law whereas the word
persons or “people” is often used in
sociology and government to refer to an
entire nation or ethnic group.

Meaning of “Human”
Human is defined as a rational being,
endowed with composite characteristics
(physical, mental, moral spiritual, and
emotional) as distinct from lower animals.
 Meaning of “Philosophy of the
Human Person”
Philosophy of the human person
is the love or desire of a rational being
endowed with wisdom. It is one’s desire to
know who and what a human person is.
Thus, we ask the question “Who is he?”
The focal point of study is the human
person, the meaning of his existence, his
destiny, his relation to others, society and
the world.
 Broadly speaking, philosophy of the
human person is a course that deals with
the study of human person as an
embodied being, immersed in society, the
world and the environment and oriented
towards death. Thus, the human
person’s life existence is fulfilled in
various relationships his relationship
to himself, relationship to others,
relationship to society, relationship to
the world and environment and his
impending death.
 The philosophy of the human person
started when the methods of philosophy is
applied to find answers regarding the
questions and mysteries of human
existence. The human person which is
formerly used as man (in philosophy of
man) is the more applicable term to avoid
confusion in a word that applies to both
sexes.
 The Perspectives of Philosophy of
Human Nature
There are two perspectives in the study of
philosophy. These are the partial perspective and the
holistic perspective.

Partial Perspective of Philosophy – the

focus of philosophy is the human person in
relation to self: his intellect and freewill as a
unique individual (psychology) limited in his
capacity to do good (ethics) and to know
(epistemology) and his place in society (political
philosophy).
 Thus the human person is viewed as a
collection of parts and studied on a piecemeal basis
with one part distinct and independent of the other
parts. This means that human nature can only be
understood solely in terms of the functioning of its
component parts.

In the philosophy of human person, the

human nature is viewed on a Holistic perspective.
This means that the human person is seen as a
whole or its entire functioning system, not as a
collection of parts-that is, their functioning cannot
be fully understood solely in terms of their
component parts.
 Human Activities and Emanating
Concrete Situation From a Holistic
Perspective

The human person is a unique individual

different from the rest. He is in charge of
his own life, his intellect, freewill,
possessing dignity and is “created in the
image of likeness of God”
 But the human person must accept that
he is not alone in this world. As a social and
political being he is oriented towards other
people and needs their company. Hence, he
must relate himself in three ways:

1. He relates himself to others.

2. He relates himself to the society and the
world.
3. He relates himself to the environment.
 The human person begins his relation at
birth and continues throughout life. In the
process, the human person becomes a social
person, for example, a recognize Filipino. As a
social person he relates himself with
significant people-parents, peers, friends.
Neighbors, teachers, political and religious
leaders, and associates, among others. Some of
the behaviors and values of these people are
accepted, adopted and internalized and form
part of his personality and character. The
human person learns through listening,
observing and imitating.
 The human person does not only relate
himself to other people, but also to the society
in which he is living. His induction to the
society is a long and complicated way where he
interacts and learns the physical, intellectual
and social skills, values and cultures of the
society where he is a member.
 There are three (3) reasons why the
human person relates himself to society.
 One reason is survival. No one, even a hermit, can live
alone. The care, support and protection extended by
society are significant factors for survival.
 Another reason for bonding together with other groups is
gregariousness. People flock together for emotional
warmth and belongingness. The need for their
understanding, approval and support to which the
human person belong is a psycho-social need. Hence,
gregariousness tendency become perpetuated from
generation to generation. Among Filipinos, the feeling of
gregariousness is found in all levels of society, especially
among the lower socio-economic classes. The more the
human person is needy, the more he craves sympathy
and understanding from someone else.
 The third reason of relating oneself with society is
for specialization.
It is not unusual to find among Ilocanos,
Bicolanos, Cebuanos, Tagalogs, Pangasinenses,
Muslim student and other cultural group the desire to
form themselves into one association, organization,
club, varsitarian or society.

Even among prisoners, they group

themselves according to similarities for
belongingness and specialization. Professional
and Non-professional groups, form societies
and associations to promote and protect their
own interest.
 There are five (5) determinates on how the
human person relates himself to the world.

1.Genetics – Genetics play only a small role in

the human person’s relationship with the
world. There are good qualities and
characteristics as well as things he doesn’t like
that were inherited. The human person may
just have to learn to live with them. When it
comes to personality and character issue, he
must work on his weaknesses; when it comes
to talent, he must go with his strength.
2. Self-image- A human person find his own
level. A human person with a negative self-
image will expect the worst, damage
relationship and find others similarly
negative. On the other hand, those with
positive self-image will expect the best for
themselves. Ans those who have both positive
and negative self-image are likely to be highly
successful, see others, the society and the
world is potentially successful.
3. Life-experiences – Life experiences affect
his relationships with the world. The human
person responds to what he is prepared to
believe. The human person may choose the
experience he has now. He chooses his careers.
He chooses when to take a vacation or work
abroad. He chooses when to marry. The
human person cannot undo his past
experience, but he can reprogram himself
using new ones.
4. Attitudes and Choices – The human
person has a limited control over his
experiences but he has complete control over
his attitudes. His attitudes will make or
unmake a human person. It’s all his choice.
There is a saying ‘’I may not be able to change
the world I see around me, but I can change
what I see within Me’’.
5. Friends and Associates – The human
person’s friends and associates affect his
relationships with the world. Friends shape the
human person. The people he chooses to
spend time with will change the human
person. The way he views the world is
determined by who the person is, no one can
get away from this truth. If the human person
change himself and become the kind of person
he desires to be, he will begin to view others in
totality and that will change the way the
person interact in all his relationships to the
world.
 The Human person must also relate
himself to his environment and its effect on
health. The environment includes the home,
school and the community. Environment is
everything about him. The environment can
be harmed by pollution. The human person
must protect the environment because it gives
him clean air, land or water. It offers outdoor
places he can enjoy. It is important to keep the
environment clean, helpful and friendly. This
helps the human person live a healthy life.
The Value of Doing Philosophy

The main purpose in the study of

Philosophy of the Human Person is to see
human life as a meaningful whole or in its
holistic perspective. Since the study of
philosophy is universality , unity, and
synthesis, the Philosophy of the Human
Person seeks to obtain a unified and
consistent world view of human person.
 Let us pose the question: What is
certain in life?” According to Mark
Twain, an American writer, it is death
and taxes. On the other hand, Bernard
Russell (1872-1970), a British philosopher
concludes that what is certain in life is
uncertainty itself – that there is very
little, if anything can be considered
certain.
 The most enduring value of studying
the philosophy of the Human Person lies
in the “ visions of things Large enough
to generate a life plan, a direction” on
the purpose and existence of the human
person. The general framework of beliefs
and values we profess, the world view
that impregnate our experience with
meaning are expression with meaning
are expressions of our essential human
capabilities that make us distinctly
human
 Our philosophical reflection is an
important part of our self- fulfillment ,
happiness and our professional grwth.
What then is the specific value of
philosophy?
Philosophical Reflections:
Direction: Divide the class into five (5) groups.
Elect a group leader and secretary / encoder.
Arrange the group into a semi- circle. The leader
leads the discussions. The teacher acts as the
resource person and facilitator.

Each group is assigned to tackle the

following topics for philosophical
reflections. The leader or secretary reports
to the class the results of their group work.
Group 1

If asked to write a statement

describing human nature and people
in general, what would you say?
Group 2
Would you describe your attitude
as generally positive or negative?
Do you see your attitude as a
human person as asset or
liability? What could you do to
improve your relationship with
others?
Group 3
Think back to your elementary
and Junior high school days. What
experiences have especially marked
you as a human person? Did they
inspire you to trust or mistrust
people? How has that outlook colored
your relationship with others, society
and the world? If it has negatively
affected your relationships, what
 positive experiences can you
pursue to create a new, more positive
relationships?
Group 4
Do you agree with the statement
that the difference between whom
you are today and who will be after
Grade 12 will be the people you spend
time with? What other factors do you
believe to be equally (or more)
important?
Group 5
Think about the personal
qualities you would like to cultivate as
a human person. List them. Now
create a plan for growth to develop
those qualities.