TRAINING AND KNOWLEDGE SUFFICIENCY

OF SCHOOL AND MUNICIPAL DISASTER

RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT FOCAL PERSONS
DIVINA SUAZO
WAREN VALDEZ
AMIEL GASPAR
Joshua Cordova
Chapter IV

Results and
Discussion
 3

This chapter describes the discussion, analysis and

interpretation of findings of the study.
After gathering data through the use of semi-
structured questionnaires and an individual interview
on five Secondary School DRRM Coordinators and the
Municipal DRRM Focal person of Tumauini, isabela,
the following results were revealed.

SCHOOL MUNICIPAL
 4

CHAPTER IV SCHOOL DRRM

COORDINATORS
Trainings 5

Results showed that out of five participants

Secondary School DRRM Coordinator of Tumauini,
Isabela regardless if private or public, two of them
have not yet attended any training related Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management. Respondent 2 and
3 respectively said:
“Never pa akong nag-attend ng kahit kahit anong
seminar o training about sa DRRM eh”
“I don’t have any attended trainings yet.”
 6

Where both of them stressesd that:

“I don’t have any attended trainings yet, but
nagkaroon kami ng seminar. Sa seminar naming is
nag-invite kami ng mga speakers galing sa Ilagan,
PDRRMC there was a time we invited some persons in
PDRRMC. Training ko sa labas ng school, wala pa pero
sa Inside school training meron naman. This happens
depending sa mga sinasabi sa amin ni PSS namin…”
 7

“Sabi ko nga kanina, hindi pa ako nakakaattend so I

was never able to meet the objectives of the given
trainings”

“Hindi ako nakakapag-acquire ng knowledge through

training kasi nga wala talaga pero nagsasariling sikap
na lamang ako para mapunan iyong mga kailangan
kong malaman. Tsaka dahil Science major naman ako,
yung mga knowledge ko duon nagiging background o
support sa akin para malaman lahat ng mga dapat
malaman. Kasi, sino bang tutulong sa akin kundi
iyong sarili ko lang naman diba. I also seek advice sa
nurse ng school kasi hindi rin naman lahat alam ko.”
 8

“After the seminar, I was able to meet the objectives

naman. The speakers showed us the 72RKit wherein
nandun lahat ng mga ng mga kit for disasters.”
 9

Indicating that the reason behind the phenomena of

not being able to attend trainings is due to being only
appointed earlier this academic school year and was
not fully-equipped and well-informed regarding
DRRM. However, they claimed that with their
perseverance to train and to learn matters
concerning DRRM through self-study, books, internet
and peers such as nurses and Science teachers, they
will not be lacking in being a School DRRM
coordinator.
 10

The only training or seminar that was considered was

a school training intended for the students organized
by the DRRM Coordinator himself. The respondent
actively participated in the said School training that
made a way for him to acquire knowledge through
that, such as the use of 72RKit. Inside School
seminars was pushed through depending on the
order of the school PSS.
 11

On the other hand, two of the respondents have

attended only 1 training namely; District Roll Out and
the other is in provincial level. Respondent 1 and and
4 revealed that:
“Once palang ako nagattend ng training, tungkol ito
sa DRRM, It includes yung mga trabaho ng
coordinator- provincial level”

“Minsan palang, District Roll out.”

 12

They also claimed that:

“Hindi lahat ng objectives namimeet ko. Base on
the performance, Hindi lahat ng objectives ng
trainings ay namemeet, some lang”
“Namimeet naman kaso hindi nga lang lath.
First year of teaching ko palang binigay na yung
coordinatorship sa akin, kaya naman, not full pledge
yet. Bago lang din kasi ako kaya hindi ako aware sa
mga terminologies na ginamit noong training. Tuloy,
hindi masyadong nag-sisink in sa akin iyong mga
infos.”
 13

Affirming that after the training, they were not able

to fully meet objectives of the said training which
signifies that that even though the respondents have
attended DRRM training once, there are underlying
factors that affects their understanding towards
DRRM Training. Which only means that still, they’re
training is insufficient. Despite this, they also said
they have acquired more knowledge and it was a
great help for them.
 14

While only one of the interviewed Secondary School

DRRM Coordinator have attended DRRM Training
more than twice namely ROTC Training, BFP training
and Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Roll
Out. Saying that:
“Syempre trainings more than one. DRRM Roll
Out, BFP Training and ROTC training also.”
 15

Where he stressed that:

“…Yes, I acquire knowledge after training kasi it
is for me rin naman, yung proper na gagawin at
paano masanay na independent sila. Kasi kung ako
lang naman at hindi ako aattend sa mga trainings
ganoon, hindi ko malalaman yung proper kasi mas
alam nila kung ano yung dapat gagawin.”
 16

Hence, he strongly insists that he met all the

objectives and acquired more knowledge from the
trainings he have attended for he believed that
through his presence and active participation on the
aforementioned training he would be able to fulfil
hiss duties as a School DRRM Coordinator more
effectively.
 17

Moreover, three of the five respondents

admitted that they were only appointed and it is only
their first year of service as a DRRM Coordinator.
Because of this concern, they were not very familiar
with the terminologies and were not fully aware of
their responsibilities.
 18

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
In Acquiring DRRM Knowledge and Training
 19

Through the interview conducted by the researchers,

results showed that the most common problem
encountered by the participants in acquiring DRRM
Training is related to conflict of schedule and the lack
of allowance for trainings. This is supported by the
respondents who noted that:
 20

“Many conflict of schedule and lack of

allowance. Dahilan yan kung bakit di nakakaattend
kasi alangan naming hatiin naming yung katawan
naming diba? Yung isang kalahti sa school, yung isa
naman sa training. Kaso, hindi naman pwede iyan
kaya naman nahihirapan talaga.”
”Kulang allowance na ibinibigay para sa pag-
aatend ng training.”
“Malaki ang epekto saakin dahil di ako
nakakapag consentrate sa training atnalalayo ako sa
pamilya ko.”
 21

Moreover, three of the five respondents

admitted that they were only appointed and it is only
their first year of service as a DRRM Coordinator.
Because of this concern, they were not very familiar
with the terminologies and were not fully aware of
their responsibilities.
 22

As a result, most of them do not attend DRRM

Training. This is supported by Idris (2012) in his article
which implies that the government has a weak
national funding framework. He stated that, “The
government budgetary allocation for disaster
Management is nothing to write home about and the
private sector does not see the economic justifications
for investment in disaster risks reductions. The various
government agencies that ought to work hand in
hand in disaster risk reductions are in complete
disarray and do not complement one another projects
(Idris, 2012).”
 23

According to respondent no. 2 and No. 5, one

thing that made it hard for them to execute their
roles as a coordinator is the mismatch of their degree
or attained major and Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management. Also, since it is their first year in
service as a DRRM Coordinator it was quite difficult
for them to understand terminologies inclined with
DRRM. Respondents mentoned that:
 24

“Personally- Hindi ako science major, kaya ano,

meron akong mga hindi gaanong aware sa lahat ng
terminologies.”
“Appointed lang kasi so insufficient talaga. Ang
totoo kasi niyan, hindi dapat ako kundi iyong mga
nurse or yung mga mapeh teachers kaso may ibinigay
din kasing iba pang trabaho sa kanila. Like yang nurse
naming, POD siya. Appointed lang kasi ako so hindi
talaga akma. Unlike iyong mga MAPEH major na may
health sila meaning may background na sila at mas
alam nila.”
 25

Showing that some of the Schools are selecting

coordinators without utilizing standardized approach
in selection. These claim is parallel to Shekab (2015)
in his article who have witnessed the inconsistency in
DRR interventions and the lack of standardized
approach.
Also, this scenario portrays the incopliance to
DO 83, S. 2011 where schools are mandated to
address low capacity of teachers and administrators
in disaster preaparedness and response.
 26
26

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
IN DRRM IMPLEMENTATION
 27

School DRRM Coordinators also encounter difficulties

in the DRRM implementation on their respective
institution. Results disclosed that this concerns are
mainly:
 28

During the interview, Respondent no. 5 bravely said

that:
“The four story building, because when the
division came here the building was not secure. Yung
iba pa is yung building, yung structure naging
substandard, pero okay naman na, naayos na.””
 29

Disclosing that it was confirmed by the Division

Office of Isabela that one of the building of the school
is not safe and not disaster-resilient due to the
building foundation being made with substandard
materials. However, the respondent also revealed
that after the visit, their school quickly responded to
the matter through replacing the the substandard
materials with the prescribed and standard materials
used in building infrastructures.
 30

The same goes with the school of Respondent

No. 2, were school buildings are also faulty. He
reported that:
”Kahit gaano kasafe yung lugar mo kung hindi
siya ginawang matibay, yun lang. Kahit gaano
kaganda pero kung iyong structure niya is hindi
matibay, walang kwenta. Wherein tuwing nag-
eevacuate ka, nanganganib na iyong buhay mo,
hintayin mong medyo humina iyong bagyo. Hindi
yung susugod ka habang malakas iyong bagyo. Wag
padalos –daloss.”
 31

Showing that their school buildings are found to be

very delicate and not safe. Even though the building’s
foundation and ovqrly strong, its structure is not well-
planned. It does not have enough exit that will ensure
a safe exit provided for the students in times of
disaster. As a consequence of the lack of exits in
school buildings can increase the number of
casualties and injured victims during disasters as
stated by respondent no. 3.
 32

Moreover, Respondent No. 2 also disclosed that:

“Common problem encountered by students –
exits – the exit points are not enough – if all the
students came out at the same time in case of
emergency – there will be stampede na nagpaparami
at nagpapalala pa sa mga maapektuhan ganoon.
Dapat every building at every storey ng building has
an emergency exit, kasi if there will be not enough, it
might cause death of students. Iyong building kasi is
not well-planned. Alangan naming hintayin pa ng
mga estudyante sa 4th floor.”
 33

As a result, students are often accumulated in a

stampede on the stairs especially on buildings that
are high. This is an observation made by respondent
no. 2 while the simulation of Quarterly Fire and
Earthquake Drill.
 34

Low-lying areas of the school campus was also

revealed to be one of the vunerable areas in in a
school. Respondent No. 2, No.3 and No. 4 said that:
“Pinaka-vulnerable na area ng school is yung
harapan. Kita niyo naman diba, mababa siya so
kapag malakas na yung ulan, baha na.”
“Ito kasing school naming is naaabot ng tubig,
mataas pero nababaha, katulad ng mga book naming
nabasa.”
 35

Indicating that this low-lying areas and even the

rooftop are prone to being subjected to floods even
with just heavy rain.In addition, masusukal na lugar
was also mentioned. Respondent no. 4 and 3 said
that:
“Isa rin iyong likod, farm kasi iyon kaya may
mga times na masukal siya. At hindi natin alam kung
may namamahay na palang ahas ganon.”
 36

This is a clear manifestation that some schools

are violating and not compliant to the DO 83, S. 2011
(Disaster Preparedness Measures for Schools) which
stated that the Diaster Risk Reduction in education
must aim at addressing underlying drivers of disasters
such as poorly built structures.
 37
37

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
Stakeholders Cooperation
 38
38

○ Student behavior, discipline and attitudes are also

factors contributing to the difficulties encountered
by the DRRM Coordinators. Especially, given that
the students under their responsibility are High
School students, it is hard for them to command,
instruct and handle them. Respondent no. 2
elaborated this situation through an example.
 39

“Mahirap na experience is to command the students-

they are heard headed- they don’t listen to teachers.
Especially that the students are Grade-12 at ang
capacity nila ay parang Grade-1. Hindi sila nakikinig.
Ang hirap maghandle ng mga estuyante. Rules- Like
the duck cover hold technique, simple pero hindi nila
ginagawa kasi matitigas ang mga ulo nila. Kahit
sumigaw-sigaw ka pa nga eh.”
 40

“Para macommand ko sila, I called the attention of

their advisers, so that there will be someone who will
help me. Naki-coordinate ako sa kanila kasi it is for
the students as well. The drill was made successfully
but not completely, there are still some students that
are not performing the technique and procedures.”
 41

The same goes with the experience of

respondent No. 4 where he mentioned that students
lack discipline in performing the right conduct in
terms of DRRM activities. He said that:
“Ang sakit nila sa ulo. Hindi sila maturuan”
 42
42

Students do not abide by the rules. This is

supported by Respondent no. 5’s statement that even
the simple ‘duck, cover and hold’ cannot be
accomplished by the students because of the
student’s lack of commitment to the activities and
hard-headedness.
In addition, Respondent no. 5 disclosed that:
“Stupidity and lack of cooperation and
personnel’s.Just indicate all the
problems Cooperation.”
 43
43

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
Lack of Funds and Equipments
 44

The lack of equipments in DRRM is one of the

biggest challenge encountered by the DRRM
Coordinator and the school as well. Respondents
revealed that:
“Problema… Equipments kulang talaga, wala pa
nga paminsan eh tsaka behavior ng estudyante rin..”
“Actually yung mga kakulangan ng mga
equipments Tulad dito sa school namin, walang mga
first aid kits, so ‘pag nagkaroon ng mga ‘ di inaasahan
na mga aksidente, hindi kaagad makakapagrespond.”
 45

Which explains and suggests that the

inadequate equipments of DRRM in Schools
negatively affects DRRM sufficiency. This equipments
include fire extinguisher, fire alarms, hard hats, first
aid kits and so on. Consequently, DRRM Coordinators,
teachers and students does not have the knowledge
to handle and operate equipments. Respondents also
claimed that with sufficient equipment, there will be
a great improvement in terms of DRRM. A
respondent said:
 “Halimbawa sa pag conduct sa NSED, mga 46

earthquake drill, kulang sa equipments, tulad ng hard

hat, naiimplement naman, nasusunod yung
procedure, kaso ngalang yung equipment.”
“Wala pa naman akong worst thing na
naeencounter na disaster, noong bagyo, before that
nasecure naman naming lahat, naprevent naman
namin. Preparedness, disaster risk reduction.”
“Kulang na lang siguro is yung mga equipments,
siguro after that magiimprove na tayo, bigyan nila
ang mga estudyante ng hard hat, tapos first aid kit,
minsan nagiging display lang, for enactment lang.”
“In the equipements to be used in disaster-
Wala”
 47
With the absence and inadequate number of
equipments in schools, the implementation of DRRM
activities and programs suffers greatly.
In connection, Tomoko Suga (2012) related in
his article that the recovery process of natural
hazards in developing countries has inadequate
training in such cases as the Earthquakes in Haiti, and
also Asian regions in Philippines prone to floods.
Funding is always an issue but the DRR community
has to include in a significant way addressing the
improvement of the existing built environment and
new construction through programs not projects
 48

SCHOOL DRRM COORDINATORS

KNOWLEDGEABILITY AND
REPONSIBILITY-AWARENESS
 49

Results revealed that three of the five

respondents is not ready and not completely aware
of their responsibilities as School DRRM
Coordinators. To further discuss the participant’s
knowledgeability and responsibility-awareness in the
four thematic areas of Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management namely; prevention and mitigation,
preparedness, response and recovery, the following
are presented. Respondents shared that:
 50

○ “I am not completely aware of my responsibilities

as DRRM Focal person.”
○ “Ready ako, of course”
○ “Yes 100 percent”
○ “Oo naman”
○ “Hindi ko rin masabi.”
 51

PREVENTION AND MITIGATION TO DISASTER

 52

All of the participants are aware of the

vulnerable areas inside the vicinity of their campus.
Most of these vulnerable areas are tall buildings
and some even revealed that some of their school’s
building are not well-planned and inappropriate
when it comes to disasters. Respondent No. 5
supported this claim through saying that one of their
school building was not approved by the experts,
when it was checked and was made with sub-
standard materials.
 53

Some parts of the schools are also commonly

subjected to floods, fire and masusukal na mga lugar
especially the low-lying areas of their school. This
vulnerable areas includes rooftop, canals and tall
buildings. Respondents reported that:
“Yes, I know the worst possible disaster in my
authority kasi as a DRRM Coordinator dapat mas
mauna dapat na makaalam sa mangyayari. Like we
have Group Chat wherein we are updated kagay na
laamng noong huling bagyo na suspended yung klase,
naikalat naman yung info at naupdate lahat.”
 54

“Aware ako sa mga vulnerable area ng school”

“Pero kahit naman hindi ako aware about sa iba
pa, I am completely aware of the worst possible risks
that could happen in areas of my authority due to its
location naman.”
“Pinaka-vulnerable na area ng school is yung
harapan. Kita niyo naman diba, mababa siya so
kapag malakas na yung ulan, baha na. Isa rin iyong
likod, farm kasi iyon kaya may mga times na masukal
siya. At hindi natin alam kung may namamahay na
palang ahas ganon.”
 55

“Are you aware of the worst possible disaster to

be happen in the locations- Oo
“Pinakavulnerable na lugar ay yung masusukal
na lugar, kasi pwedeng pamahayan ng lamok at ahas,
kasi deadly ang mga yon.”
In response, School DRRM Coordinator monitor
these areas quarterly. Respondent 4 claimed that the
vulnerable areas in their school was monthly
monitored especially those masusukal na lugar as this
could lead to wild life habiting in that area.
 56

Respondent No. 1 also said that currently, they

are checking electrical wirings to ensure and to lessen
the risk of fire. It is also a part of their responsibility
to provide, raise awareness and disseminate
information about hazards and disasters to the
students.
“Chinecheck yung mga yan quarterly.”
“Monthly naman chinicheck ito, kasi ito ay nasa
aming action plan.”
 “Magprovide ng knowledge tungkol sa hazards 57

or disasters na pwedeng mangyari sa inside at

outside school, sa inside the school obligation mo ang
mga studyante, sa outside naman syempre teacher
hindi maiiwasan ang moral obligation sa community.”
“We have been checking up quarterly, in terms
electrical nagcheheck kami.”

As for the information dissemination to

students, Respondent No. 1 noted that it is under his
responsibility to make sure that students are ready
before and during disaster through the conduct of
symposiums and training.
 58

“Meron kaming symposium, nagcoconduct kami

ng training, tinuturuan namin ang mga bata how to
be prepared before and during the disaster.”
Respondent No. 5 and as well as Respondent
No. 1 mentioned that their school integrates a
Student LED Watching Team who are responsible in
communication, evacuation security and in first in
times of emergency. They are teams that are formed
address for prevention and mitigation.
 59

“As the focal person we have the student led.do

you know that means? The student led watching
team, the nonstudents is responsible in
communication, in evacuation area, in security and in
first aid. Those are the teams formed address for
prevention and mitigation.”
In advance, the School DRRM Coordinator
integrated the School Watching Team with him as a
moderator. Respondent no. 1 shared that he trained
this team to be an instrument to disseminate
information. So that in case of emergency, it will be
easier to respond.
 60

“In Response- Meron tayong school watching

team, ako yung moderator, compose of 10 members,
sila yung tinitrain ko din, nagbabahagi din ako ng
knowledge ko, para in times of emergency,
makapagrespond rin.”
Together with Respondent No. 3, Respondent
No. 5 claimed that they conduct ‘tree planting’ once a
year to preserve clean and green environment and as
well teach students to be a good environmentalist.
 61
The aforementioned activities conducted by the
School Coordinators are inclined with the DepEd
issued policy, DepEd Order no. 55 that prioritises the
mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction in the school
system. It aslo mandates schools to form School
DRRM team, which is headed by a designated
coordinator. The DRRM Team and Coordinator are
expected to: ensure the establishment of an early
warning system for the school, conduct an annual
student-led risk identification and mapping within
and around the school premises,
 62

plan and implement disaster preparedness measures,

maintain the safekeeping of vital school records and
learning materials, track all school personnel during
disasters, conduct damage assessments, facilitate
immediate resumption of classes, and monitor
recovery and rehabilitation interventions being
implemented in the school, among other roles and
responsibilities.
 63

○ PREPAREDNESS TO DISASTERS
 64

All of the respondents openly admitted that

they are not fully prepared in times of disaster.
“IN TERMS OF PREPAREDNESS – hindi
masyadong prepared.”
Sa school lang ako nakakapagturo ganoon.
Honestly, hindi ako laging ready kasi nga madami pa
akong dapat malaman.”

Respondent No. 2 reasoned that being not fully

prepared is due to being newly appointed as DRRM
Coordinator and lack of training.
 65

“Actually, No. Kasi appointed lang kasi ako.

Kumbaga sa mga trainings, wala talaga. So…
pinpraktis ko na rin. Tinetrain ko na lang din yung
sarili ko.”
“I’m not well experienced kasi baguhan, kaya
naman gusto ko sanang umattend sa seminars para
malaman ko kung paano i-handle those equipments.
Hindi naman kasi lahat naituturo kasi dito sa school
wala naming professional sa ganyan. Pero kasama ko
naman ang guard nurse na nagreremind at nag-
aadvice sa akin.”
 66

Coordinators such as themselves confessed that

they are not well-informed and well-trained when it
comes to handling equipments needed in times of
disaster. Respondent No. 4 mentioned that the lack of
knowledge in terms of handling is due to her not
even trying to handle one. Also, some of the
respondents claimed that this due to lack of
equipments needed in DRRM.
“In experiencing disaster, there are equipment
needed in order to recover and face quicker. I am not
well-experienced to handle those equipment, because
I never tried to handle those equipments.”
 67

However, all the School DRRM Coordinators

conduct Fire and Earthquake Quarterly in their
respective institution as per Memorandum No. 31, to
instill to students and school as well as school
personnels the protective measures in times of
disasters to lessen the expected casualties.
”We quarterly conduct fire and earthquake drill
para naman ma-instill sa mga estudyante yung mga
kailangan nilang malaman. Kasi… mahirap na pag
time nan g disaster at kung walang alam… expected
nan a mas maraming casualties if ever.”
 68

Also, Respondent no. 2 mentioned that it is

their responsibility to be the first person to be
informed about disaster informations such as if
classes are suspended in times of typhoon. This is
because they will be the one to disseminate this
informations to students.
“Preparedness-Una, dapat malaman mo agad
‘yung mangyayari sa susunod na araw. At yung
preparedness nila. If ever na magkakaroon sila ng
drill, dapat informed sila.
 In addition, according to Respondent no. 3, it is 69

also a part of her responsibility to prepapre DRRM

mapping that will direct students to safe or
evacuation area of their school in times of disaster.
“As a DRRM coordinator, trabaho ko na
magprepare DRRM mapping na magdidirect sa mga
estudyante in times of disaster.”
“The drills, teach the children to be active sa
mga ganyang bagay. Kasi drill palang naguguluhan
na yung mga bata sa pag execute ng mga dapat
gagawin, even yung lugar nga hindi nila alam yung
pupuntahan.”
 70

Aside from conducting Earthquake Drills, their

school also integrates DRRM in selected subjects to
further inform students regarding DRRM (Respondent
no. 4 & Respondent no. 5).
“In terms of Preparedness- Nagkakaroon ng
quarterly earthquake drill, naiintegrate yung DRRM
sa selected subjects, para makapagbigay ng
knowledge.”
 71

Moreover, being an active DRRM Coordinator,

all of the respondents make sure that during Fire and
earthquake Drills (NSED), they did not forget to train
and share their knowledge to stidents of their
responsibility.
“Oo nagttrain din ako ng mga under me, kasi
nung NSED namin, nagshare din ako.”
“In response and recovery, like what i said we
frequently performed fire drill”
 72

Respondent No. 5 and No.3 also shared that

they try to see preventive measures to vulnerable
areas such as canals and masusukal na lugar that may
cause Dengue.
“In terms of dissaster preparedness, we
frequently performed earthquake and fire drill and try
to see preventive measures like the canals that may
cause dengue”
 73

RESPONSE TO DISASTER
 74

Mentioned by the respondents, disaster

response is the weakest of the four thematic areas of
DRRM.
3 out of the 5 participant School DRRM
Coordinators know the different hotlines that can be
contacted in times of emergencies. This hotlines are
the BFP, PNP, RHU… They are all aware on who to
save first in times of emergencies.
 75

“Alam ko, yung mga BFP at PNP hotlines.”

“Yes pnp hotlines.”
“Yung mga hotines… hindi ko alam yang mga
yan.”
“I don’t know the hotlines to be called during
emergencies pero nasa file ko lang din naman lahat
yun. Para kapag kailangan buklat-buklat lang.”
“Aware naman ako kung sino dapat…I know
who to save first or the priorities during onset of
disaster.
 76

In disaster response, Respondent no. 3 revealed

that it is their task to warn people about incoming
disasters and gather information from the above
authority that will be later on disseminated to the
people.
“response- warn the people about the possible
disaster, like the approaching typhoon, gather
information from the above authority”
 77
Moreover, it is their job to seek help to
Barangay officials and to coordinate all the sectors of
the school institution to guaranty a quick response in
times of emergencies. The School Watching Team
integrated by Respondent 5 and 1 in their schools
plays a role in these area as they are one of the
responsible person to quickly respond during
emergencies.
“Sa response naman, siyempre hihingi agad ng
help from brgy. Official’s para mas mabilis iyong
tugon. Nakikicoordinate din sa lahat ng sectors ng
school para mas masiguro na mabilis yung response.”
 78

“In Response- Meron tayong school watching

team, ako yung moderator, compose of 10 members,
sila yung tinitrain ko din, nagbabahagi din ako ng
knowledge ko, para in times of emergency,
makapagrespond rin.”
One of the respondent declared that their
institution is a hundred percent ready in terms of
disaster response.
“IN TERMS OF RESPONSE- 100% reponse.”
 79

RECOVERY TO DISASTER
 80

To monitor damages and the aftermath after

the disaster is the responsibility of a School DRRM
Coordinator and as well as to accomplish a report
regarding the concerns as mentioned by all the
respondents.
“IN TERMS OF RECOVERY-After the disaster we
have to come to school, yung mga sira irereport.”
“Halimbawa, after ng bagyo, pumapasok na
kami niyan agad para imonitor yung mga damages
na epekto nung bagyo ganun. Tas syempre gagawa
ng report.”
 81
In addition, it was also a part of their
responsibility to clean the campus, dispose wastes as
a consequence of the disaster and fix damages as a
preventive measure as these damaged areas can be
be the haven of unwanted creatures such as
mosquitoes and snakes.
“In recovery- we need to clean the campus, if
not the area will cause disease to people which is
responsible ang coordinator. Lalo na yung mga
facilities na may sira. Also, mga facilities rin dapat
monitor at ayusin.”
It is also imperative for the respondents to
restore affected facilities around the campus.
 82

ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN FOR BETTER IMPROVEMENT

 83

As stated by all the respondents, there is a need

for them to attend more trainings in order to acquire
more knowledge, skills and be more effective School
DRRM Coordinator of their institution. This can also
boost the confidence of School DRRM Coordinators
which can lead to better handling of students.
 84

“I can suggest to myself to improve that I need

to attend more trainings and seminars that will
improve my skills. It can be learnt rin naman with
internet or book. Training talaga. Para na rin mas
confident na mag-command kasi alam mo na,
maalam ka”
“More trainings, of course.”
“Attend DRRM Training”
“Siguro dagdag trainings pa,”
“Trainings, kasi minsan pa lang, kailangan ng
follow up trainings para madagdagan ang
kaalaman.”
 85

Also, to better improve the implementation of

DRRM activities, it is imperative to stimulate
disciplinary actions to students. This is for the
betterment of student’s discipline towards the
activities of DRRM.
“Disciplinary actions, nasa pag uusap between
the teachers and respondents, yun yung mahirap
ngayon , mahirap disiplinahin ang mag bata hangga’t
di sila nakakatikim – Remedy.”
 86

It is also necessary for the government to

address the issue of funds allocation and equipments
in DRRM. As mentioned in the discussions, it is really
one of the main problem of DRRM. With the lack of
funds, School DRRM Coordinators are at put in a
difficult position as they are the one that will adjust
to that as well as the students.
“Provide funds and also the equipment.”
“One,that is that? government allocate funds for
DRRM.”
 87

Equipments and tools necessary to DRRM

should also be provided by the government
adequately as this concern greatly contribute to the
inefficiency of DRRM training and seminars. With the
available equipments in schools, School DRRM can
not only train and familiarize themselves but it can
also be shown to students for them to be
knowledgeable in terms of handling equipments
related to DRRM. Also, the handling and operation
procedure of equipment handling can now be
presented to students actually and not just through
visuals.
 88

“I suggest to government that it must provide

equipment and conduct more trainings, for every
school and coordinators”.
In addition to that, facilities addressing
problems in DRRM should also be established in
schools so that a preventive, prepared, responsive
and resilient school environment would be attained.
“Saka I add yung mga facilities in schools-
Suggestion to government.”
 89

There must also be seminars and symposiums

conducted quarterly, if not monthly to teach and train
School DRRM Coordinators together with the
students. Given that not everything about DRRM is
known by the School DRRM Coordinators, it is
strongly suggested that knowledgeable and well-
trained persons in authority should visit and train the
respondents.
 90

“There must be a certain day or month they will

go to teach the students and coordinator. It can be a
seminar or training or symposium kasi they have
knowledge na wala sa akin that they can share. The
professionals or the well-knowledge and well-trained
about disasters.”
 It was also strongly suggested that seminars, 91

trainings and disaster drills would also be

incorporated to the whole community and other
stakeholders. This is to ensure and to instill the
knowledge and skills to students, teachers and DRRM
coordinators not only in schools but also at home.
“conduct trainings and seminarsf or drrm that
involves the community school and other stake
holders.”
“Siguro iinvlove yung community in conducting
eqarthquake and fire drill, para maging handa kahit
sa bahay nila.”
 92

MUNICIPAL DRRM
CHAPTER IV FOCAL PERSON
92

TRAININGS
 93

Mrs. Jenny-vi B. Tumolva, the Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management (DRRM) Focal Person of
Tumauini, Isabela stated that they are always ready about
the training and knowledge sufficiency of DRRM
personnel including other sectors: Bureau of Fire
Protection, Rural Health Unit, Municipal Environment
and Natural Resources Office and Municipal Agricultural
Office. The DRRMO focal persons are always ready and
capable to apply their service in the community for the
sake of disaster prevention and mitigation, preparedness,
response and recovery.
 ”Multi sectoral kasi sa DRRM, for example yung 94
agriculture, recovery and rehabilitation, for example in
budget, more on preparedness, preparation for the fund. Ibig
sabihin maraming focal persons, maraming vice chair persons
pagdating sa four thematic area. For example sa response, si
MSWDO ang may responsibility niyan, example sa recovery
and rehabilitation is ang responsible diyan ay si MPDC kasi it
is more on planning and recovery and then sa preparedness
ang focal person natin diyan is actually the DILG, sila kasi is
more on yung programs nila is disaster preparedness , tapos
sa prevention and mitigation, yung focal person natin diyan is
engineering office. For example ako na MDRRMO ako kasi ang
considelator ng lahat ng reports nila. So we have different
responsibilities.”
 95

The DRRMO focal person is always present in

attending the monthly DRRM training and seminars
conducted by different government agencies. After
those training, they are able to meet the objectives of
the given training. For that, they have acquired more
knowledge after attending DRRM training. Also, the
DRRMO focal person and other vice chair persons are
completely aware of their responsibilities as DRRM
focal persons.
 96

During onset of the disaster, they know who to

save first or the priorities to respond for. They are
knowledgeable for the hotlines to be called during
emergencies, the 8888 of the disaster risk reduction
and management department (not activated) and the
PNP hotline. In times of disaster, they are completely
aware of the worst possible risks that could happen in
areas of their authority due to its location. In terms of
equipment needed in order to recover and face
quicker in experiencing disaster, they are not fully
prepared to handle those equipment.
 97

The responsibilities of focal persons do their

best to train the community or the people to become
well-prepared in times of disaster.
“Usually we roll out the training .We learned
from different agencies, so yun sa training ng
Barangay sa risk assessment, yung paggawa nila ng
community based risk reduction plan. We do
workshop for them kumg saan ang designated
evacuation centre nila, gumawa sila ng plano sa pag
evacuate. Yung mga resources na they must prepare
like emergency kit, dun palng sa CBRMP, parang
napapaloob na lahat ng natrain natin from different
agencies.”
 98

TRAININGS OF MUNICIPAL DRRM

FOCAL PERSONS
 99

Almost every month has the given opportunities

that DRRM focal persons can attend to different
DRRM training and seminars provided by the
Provincial Disaster Risk Reducton and Managrment
Council (DRRMC) or the National DRRMC. Here are
the trainings and seminars they frequently
accompanied in:
 100
○ Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Training
Workshop
○ National Roll-out Training Workshop on the
Formulation of LCCAP
○ Training on Geographic Information System for
Climate and Disaster Risk Vulnerability Reduction
○ Provincial Climate Outlook Forum
○ Disaster Management Review and Rehabilitation
Workshop
○ Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation
Planning Workshop
 101

○ Cam Coordination and Camp Management

Training
○ Camp Coordination and Family Evacuation
Preparedness Training
○ Rescue MDRRM DART 13
○ CBDRRM – Office of National Fire Training
Institute (NFTI)
○ CBDRRM – Office of the Civil Defence (OCD)
 102

○ The training and drill practices required to

enhance disaster preparedness of communities
make use of Skinner’s principle in utilizing positive
reinforcement with the end in view of the
occurrence of a desired response or behavior.
 103

“There are quite times na nagiinvite ang

DRRMO natin, usually yung iniinvite nila ay yung mga
stakeholders natin like BFP. Yung crineate natin na
team brigade na TFOSO. Task force ordinance
kumbaga, sila yung nagtatraffic enforcer, multi-
tasking sila, inassign din sila na magtraining sa
MDRRMC, may mga trainings ang mga yan. So
kasama kami sa mga yan bilang focal persons. So
every year nagpaptawag ng training or seminar ang
DRRMO natin. Nagbibigay ng mga topics, yung how
to handle when in times of calamities, we attend per
barangay, we have our own assignment actually.”
 104

Similarly for Martires, C.R. (2011), a social

system is “a complex and dynamic set of relationships
among its actors interacting with one another.” Thus,
R.A. No. 10121 acknowledges the need to “adopt a
disaster risk reduction and management approach
that is holistic, comprehensive, integrated and
proactive in lessening the socio-economic and
environmental impacts of disasters including climate
change, and promote the involvement and
participation of all sectors and all stakeholders
concerned, at all levels, especially the local
community.”
 105

The power of media and communication

devices are also big help that DRRMO accustomed in
preventing and mitigate disaster impacts. They focus
more on planning and monitoring the prone areas.
Authorities collect garbage and conduct training and
prevention programs like tree planting.
 106

Similarly for Martires, C.R. (2011), a social

system is “a complex and dynamic set of relationships
among its actors interacting with one another.” Thus,
R.A. No. 10121 acknowledges the need to “adopt a
disaster risk reduction and management approach
that is holistic, comprehensive, integrated and
proactive in lessening the socio-economic and
environmental impacts of disasters including climate
change, and promote the involvement and
participation of all sectors and all stakeholders
concerned, at all levels, especially the local
community.”
 107

The DRRMO Focal Person is aware for different

trainings, seminars and workshops conducted by
DRRMC which held in the province and even outside
the region. It is an advantage for them to learn new
techniques and procedures in helping the community
in times of calamities.
 108
“Unang una, kailangan ng support mula sa mga
national agency natin like the PDRRMC, when it
comes to training yan yung kailangan natin. When it
comes to tao, kung wala naman silang knowledge sa
pagrerescue sa mga victims ganon, yun yung mga
problema na nakikita kong problema. Although
nagbigay ng direktiba si Mayor na per Barangay may
initiative diyan, lalong lalo na yung mga calamity
prone areas, yan yung mga prioprities ng mga
barangay na kung saan na may brgy officials na
iaasign na ittrain, magundergo ng training sa
programa ng DRRMC natin, para kapag may bagyo
alam nila yung pagsasagawa ng first aid, relief goods
sa mga affected ng calamity.”
 Likewise, Tomas D. Andres (1992) pointed out that 109
teambuilding is an advantageous approach to the complex
task of disaster preparation. He believed that “the best
results are obtained when people work together with a
sense of commitment to one another as well as to the
organization.” His approach is similar to the social system
model since he defined a team as organic – made up of
components in the person of its members, but these come
together to form a cohesive whole which is greater than the
sum of its parts. It is also interdependent. Each member
supports each other. Andres (1992) concluded that if the
team succeeds, they all succeed; if it fails, they all fail.
 110

Therefore, the benefits provided by those

training and seminars are really essential not only for
the personal needs of focal persons but also an
incentives of community in facing typhoons, floods,
landslide and fires.
 111

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN ACQUIRING DRRM

TRAINING AND KNOWLEDGE
 112

In grabbing those great opportunities is not

always good as it is. There are many factors that
could affect the decisions of focal persons in
attending workshops or seminars. It is their obligation
to attend the trainings and seminars that might help
to enhance their ability and skills, but it is also
depends on them.
 113

“Yun ba ay kapag pumupunta kami sa training

or bago kami magtraining kasi acquiring kasi yung
term e, so yung notion ko is kung problema ko ba
bago ako magtraining, yun ba yung tanong or pag
nagtrain ka na at nagtrain ka nan g community, kasi
ang understanding ko kasi diyan si ano yung problem
mo bago maacquire yung training. For me yung time,
yung conflict of schedule duon sa training o kaya
walang budget sa training. Pero yung isang
understanding ko sa isang tanong, ano yung problem
sa pag acquire ng knowledge sa training, usually
masyadong maraming information.”
 114

Their planned schedules are sometimes

interrupt by some trainings that results in absence for
attending trainings or seminars. Financial matters are
also reason for not attending those opportunities.
Trainings consumed a lot of time that participants are
experiencing information overload. Availability of the
training is also one factor that focal persons consider.
 115

“Sometimes hindi kami nakakaattend ng

trainings because some seminars are not fix sa aming
schedules. Minsan nagkukulang din kami sa pera,
siyempre mas uunahin yung mga mas mahahalagang
bagay muna, sa bahay, sa mga gastusin…Kami pa rin
naman kasi ang gagastos sa mga expenses naming
kapag may trainings or seminars provided by the
different agencies in the country.”
 116

Even if they have had lackings in attending for

every trainings and seminars, their experiences in the
recent concluded Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction
and Mangement (PDRRM) traings and National
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (NDRRM)
workshops and forums are experiences they will
never forget – experiences that can also use to
protect and promote disaster awareness to the
citizens.
 117

In Tumauini, Isabela there are many different

areas that are vulnerable with different kinds of
disaster; such as flood prone areas or low lying areas,
heavily populated Barangays. Northern Barangays
along the Cagayan River or flooded areas.
 118

“Sa typhoon and flooding, yan yung usually na

naeencounter ng locality natin, typhoon because may
mga bahay na nasisira, so we have houses na totally
damage at partially damage houses. Sa agriculture,
ang problema is pagdating ng flooding, usually yun
yung mga problem. For example, ang probability and
severity of consequence, kung kelan ang dumadating,
usually naman pag time of peace, hindi naman
usually nagchcheck, although sa pagdating ng
Barangay assemblies yung tayo nag ririiterate at
inform sila ulit ng possible effects ng flooding at
typhoon ganun. We usually check as part of DRRM.”
 119
The DRRRMO focal persons as long as the other sectors
are quarterly checking these areas to ensure the safety of
the people and the community.
“Meron naman sa organization ng MDRRMC yung
monitoring ng focal persons natin. Nagmmonitor sila na
nagmmaintain actually na nagffunction yung warning
devices natin, yung mga sirens, na kung saan pag mayron or
nagbitaw na ang San Mateo Dam, nagssiren ang mga iyan.
Actually meron ditto sa Tumauini, yung unag una,yung
kalembang o bell ng simbahan, pero hindi yat gaanong
nagamit, kaya meron na tayong sirens. Naglalagay tayo ng
sirens sa mga prone areas kasi nirerequire talaga yon to alert
yung mga tao.”
 120

The people of municipality of Tumauini, Isabela

are experienced people so they are already trained
by the DRMMO focal persons in knowing those areas
or specific places that is vulnerable in risks and
hazards.
 121

“Northern barangays like ditto sa Pantalan,

Fermeldy, Moldero, Fugu Abajo,part Fugu of Norte,
Minanga and then ditto sa Dy Abra, Cumabao,
Camasi hindi lang ang low lying areas, yung mga is
yung tabi ng bundok and then baha dim siempre,
kapag lunmaki yung ilog, pag naglabas ng tubig ang
dam sa San Mateo, expected yan na ang ilog diyan,
flash flood, landslide sa tabi ng bundok like Dy Abra
ganun. Sa matataas na lugar naman is bahay lang
dun na yung mahina ang pundasyon ng bahay, mga
bubong nila, matutumba yung poste.”
 122

KNOWLEDGEABILITY AND
RESPONSIBILITY-AWARENESS
 123

Results revealed that the Municipal DRRMO are

completely aware of their responsibilities as
Municipal DRRM Focal Persons. To further discuss the
participant’s knowledgeability and responsibility-
awareness in the four thematic areas of Disaster Risk
Reduction and management namely: prevention and
mitigation, preparedness, response abd recovery, the
following are presented. Respondents shared that:
 124

“Yes, I am completely aware of my

responsibilities as DRRM focal person.”
“I’m always ready naman for all the querries of
the community in times of disaster.”
“Palagi namang handa ang DRRMO ng
Tumauini sa four thematic elements ng DRRM.”
○
 125

PREVENTION AND MITIGATION TO DISASTER

 126

Before the disasters like typhoons, the DRRMO

focal persons are always ready to do their
responsibilities in their tasked areas. They are always
expecting for the worst effects of some calamities;
that every Barangays of Tumauini, Isabela are
prepared to conquer any kinds of disasters.
 127

“In terms of health, we make sure that all

evacuation centre ay available ang health personnel,
kasi dun pupunta ang mga evacuees, and to render
health services, saka dapat ready ang mga medicnes
at medical supplies. We make sure rin na mga mga
health facilities sa barangays ay safe for disaster. We
inspect it before and after disaster kung functional pa
ba ang mga ito, ginagamit din kasi itong evacuation
centre.”
 128

Health of individuals are also a priority in

prevention and mitigation section. The Rural Health
Unit are prepared enough for the health condition of
every people of the Barangay. Before the disaster,
they will check the status of the place and give
medicines and aids in every Barangay Health Centers
of Tumauni, Isabela.
“Actually the DILG, sila kasi is more on yung
programs nila is disaster preparedness , tapos sa
prevention and mitigation, yung focal person natin
diyan is engineering office.”
 129
Correspondingly, Dr. Rene N. Rollon (2010),
Associate Professor and Director, Institute of
Environmental Science and Meteorology, U.P. Diliman,
has a view on disaster preparedness which is much
more realistic. He averred that, on the management
side, prevention is always an ideal strategy. For instance,
human settlements in coastal areas should be avoided
unless some aggressive measures are in place (high and
expensive dikes, retaining walls, etc.). According to
Fernando P. Siringan (2010), Ph. D. Professor, Maritime
Science Institute, U.P. Diliman,
 130

there are places that can be avoided, places where

relocation might be necessary, or places where
mitigation for certain hazards may still be possible.
DRRM focal persons also inspect some lapidated
building that are prone for risks and hazards (no
bulidings in Tumauini are prone for that). They are
now solving for any remedies that tall buildings are
vulnerable of. The structures and the materials used
to high buildings is an important thing to consider.
 “Hindi lang focus ng DRRMC is yung kelan tayo 131
magrerespond, we do preventive actually, yun yung
ginagawa natin to prevent casualties, like we encourage
the people sa low lying areas na lumikas na ahead the
pagdating ng bagyo o pagbaha o pag. May mga weather
forcast dati ng pinagbibigay alam sa barangay officials,
mga early meetings ahead of time, before two or three
days siguro sa mga brgy officials para sila nman ang
magdessiminate sa mga tao para informed din yung mga
tao, aside from having a news sa TV at radio meron
mismo yung gumagalaw sa local gov unit para ipaalam sa
mga brgy officials, at the same time irereecho ng mga
brgy officials sa mga tao nila at nasasakupan nila para
alam nila, para alam nila yung gagawin nila.”
 132

The power of media and communication

devices are also big help that DRRMO accustomed in
preventing and mitigate disaster impacts. They focus
more on planning and monitoring the prone areas.
Authorities collect garbage and conduct training and
prevention programs like tree planting.
 133

PREPAREDNESS TO DISASTER
 134

Before, during and after the disaster need a

preparation. In order to be prepared, there are plans
and practices that DRRMO will provide in the
community to decrease casualties and damages. The
quarterly drills of schools and public or private
agencies is a great way to become prepared.
 135

“Yung mga facilities natin, may mga gamit

naman tayo actually, sa buong Isabela, actually ang
alam ko tayo lang mag mayroong speed boat. Sa
ibang bayan hinihiram din yan like sa Delfin Albano,
hinihiram nila pag may rescuing pag may nawawala.
Of course ang responsibilidad natin is gamitin ng
maayos, at ang maooperate is yung marunong
talaga. Sa gamit kasi may mga training din yan.
Nakatrain gagamit niyan, hindi basta tatawagin
lang.”
 136

Disaster risk (Lomerio-Ondiz & Redito, 2009)

may be synonymous with the so-called disaster
equation, but it has manageability factors to reduce
the negative effect of hazards. This manageability
could be associated with capacity.
 137

Tools and equipments of the DRRM Office are

sufficient in responding people when floods or
landslides occur. The tools and equipment of the
DRRMO of Tumauini, Isabela are not only helping its
own citizens; when Bagyong Ompong hits the
province of Isabela, neighbouring municipalities
barrowed those equipments like rescue boats, rescue
vehicles, life vests, etc. Truly, the DRRMO of
Tumauini, Isabela is “always ready”.
 138

“For example sa population nila, para pagdating

ng typhoon Ilan kung example ano ang pwedeng
masira. Pinapaalam sa community kung ilan ang
vulnerable sector. Ano yung mga vulnerable sector,
yung mga bahay na made of light or salvageable
materials, mga public infrastructure na mahihina na
dilapidated. Dito sa Tumauini wala na naman ng
infrastructure na dilapidated mostly na vulnerable is
yung mga population na PWDs at Senior Citizens,
yung mga houses na mahihina at saka pananim,
usually yun yung mga vulnerable sa atin. Yun yung
isang pinapatrain sa atin, pinapaalam sa atin.
 139

…For example, sa risk vulnerable and risk

assessment, alamin ninyo sa locality ninyo kung ano
yung mga disaster na naexperience nila, so
prevention and mitigation din, kasi yun moslty, kasi
yun na yung trust ng government, hindi na yung
magprepare ka kapag may bagyo, kundi anong
gagawin mo bago ang bagyo yun yung trust ng
government,preparedness.”
 140

Information dissemination of DRRMO in the

whole municipality of Tumauini, Isabela also promote
preparedness before, during and after the disasters.
In the sector of agriculture, their preparations
are IEC on crop production or crop resilient and IEC
on livestock production – silage making.
 141

RESPONSE DURING DISASTERS

 142

During the event of disasters, the response of

the council is a must. They are in focus in saving the
lives and properties of every individuals. The
agricultural sector has the responsibility to provide
initiatives for the farmers and in their farms, rice
fields and vegetable gardens.
 “Masasabi ko na medyo kulang pa sa briefing, 143

kailangan kasi sa rescue is immediate response, dapat

agad agad. Yan yung nakikita kung kailangan ng
accurate na Sistema ng maganda at maayos na
communication para kung sino naman ang napadaan
dito sa jurisdiction natin sa Tumauini, meron tayo
sanang establish na communication, May roon
naming designated number pero yung 116 ata kasi
ginagamit natin is cellphone number, usually ang
ginagamit natin o binibigay is yung number ni PNP
Chief, PNP, BFP and then nakapost naman yung mga
hotlines sa mga dito sa LGU, meron naman sa
hospital, sa palengke and then sa command center
makalagay diyan.”
 144

The MDRRMO focal person coordinate to other

agency such as DSWD, LGU, Red Cross, PNP when in
times of need and disasters. They provide rescue
operation and also standby for garbage collection.
 145

RECOVERY FROM DISASTER

 146

After the disaster, it is expected to have some result

in damages. The DRRMO focal persons are concentrating
with this. They deal in different aspects of recovery in any
forms of damages and expenses caused by disasters.
“Tinitignan yung mga vulnerable na population, kung
sino ang affected, binibigyan naming ng mga health
services kung kailangan nila ng mga medicines like nagtae
during disaster kailangan bigyan ng sila ng mga oresol like
those. Tapos we report din yung status ng facilities sa
barangay, we forward to DOH, kung kailangan ng
icounstruct of iimprove yung health facility.”
 147

In health services, the Rural Health Unit is

responsible for the affected individuals, casualties
and some people that harm by the disaster. They give
health products and services for them to recover
quickly as soon as possible.
 148

“Nagpapaasses agad ang Mayor natin, through

Barangay officials and focal persons sa MDRRMC
pinapaasses niya agad yun mga damages, kasama
ang mga engineering office diyan, pag kasama ang
health of course kasama ang MHO natin. Team lahat
yan actually, team lahat yan, lahat ng kailangan itap
na agencies, of course DSWD when it comes to the
supply ng basic needs, foods, shelter, DSWD naman
ang kailangan magasses diyan. For immediate relief
naman sa pangangailangan ng kababayan natin.”
 149

They distribute relief goods for the people of

the affected areas especially in remote areas in
Tumauini, Isabela that is hard to get in. Trees,
branches and any debris that block the roads and
houses are ready for clearing operation.
Seeds rehabilitation program of rice and corn,
Indemnification Claim from Crop Insurrance,
Vegetable seed or seedlings distributon and financial
assistance are the recovery of agricultural sector.
 150

In order to have essence in the training or

seminars attended by the DRRM focal person, they
train the community and its people. Answering the
question of the masses and teach them the right
things to do and not do in situations like typhoons
and floodings. They conduct Community Based
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Seminars.
They share what they have learned and train some
persons in having that sufficients skills and
knowledge.
 151

“Usually rino roll out naming yung mga training

na napapag-aralan natin from different agencies, so
yun sa training ng barangay sa risk assessment, yung
paggawa nila ng community based risk reduction
plan. Wino-workshop natin sila kumg saan ang
designated evacuation centre nila, gumawa sila ng
plano sa pag evacuate. Yung mga resources na they
must prepare like emergency kit, dun palng sa
CBRMP, parang napapaloob nalahat ng nattrain natin
form different agencies.”
 152

Evacuation plans is also imperative in time of

disaster in order to escape any sort of disaster. They
practice the people and teach them the right way.
“Sa preparedness, di ko masyadong inaalam kasi
more on nagbibigay kami ng information at tulong.
Sa namin yung problema sa community sa
pagrespond is yung katigasan ng ulo nila sa pag
evacuate.”
 153

“With regards with basic life support hindi ko na

siya naishshare kasi yung knowledge ko is matagal na
saka, in terms of management of patient, in terms of
health nila.”
“We have our own committee. Responsibity
naming yan as focal person. Kami yung pinapatawag
ng PDRRMC na nagtitrain actually.”
 154
Not only to enrich the knowledge and skills of
the focal persons, they also share and train what they
already know in the community. If all that
informations have given to the whole, its an
advantage for all of us. The DRRM focal persons are
attending training and seminars with a purpose to
train also.
○ The availability of the people during period due
to their work place schedule is a hindrance (even
training on weekends). Inadequate knowledge or
skills on disaster preparedness. Lack of funds is a
problem too that encountered by the people.
 155

“Yung immediate na pangangailangan like pag

brownout, like flashlight ganon. Although ready
naman tayo always sa pagbibigay ng relief goods,
sirempre may kunting delay kasi 46 brgy, we prioritize
yung mga affected brgy muna. Hindi kasi agasd agad
na naibibiagy pero dumadating naming. Lalo na yung
kapag may obstructions sa daan, hindi ka makaaccess
sa daanan. Yung lang namn kasi yung kailangan ng
tao e, kapag may kalamidad na gayan ang problema
nila is the access to go sentro. Kailangan immediate
kaso lang may mga obstructions sa daan and then
supply kapag delay talagang maghihintay yung mga
tao.”
 156

“Sa amin sa health is the time of disaster we allocate

beds pero pag time may na yun hindi enough for evacuees lalo
sa malalayo, hindi naming agad na napupuntahan.”
One reason why people encountered problems
is the communication gap or issue. Far places is hard
to provide an information or health services. During
the occurrence of typhoon or flood, people are very
hard headed, they can not convince them to evacuate
in a safe area.
 157

“During disaster we distribute medicines

through manpower sa evacuation centre. Pag
matapos na, yun yung pahirapan, lalo na yung mga
liblib na lugar. Siguro Kapag sa mga maliblib na lugar
tapos may blockage sa daan, dapat before the
disaster we must provide na agad sa evacuation
centres. Dapat may plan na agad. Yung mga
barangay health workers.”
“Lack of manpower or rescue worker and
stubbornness of individuals.”
 158

There are always challenges in the community.

Good or bad, we learned from it. The DRRMO focal
persons are finding ways to solve problems that
communities experienced. First, is the inadequate
resources to rebuild destroyed houses and
livelihoods. Second is the lack of new rescue
equipments.
How farmers will revover their losses. How
diseases or illness caused by disasters affect the lives
of citizens. The MDRRMO are doing their obligations
to solve those problems and challenges for sure.
 159

“Since 2015, well dito kasi sa Tumauini hindi

naman ganun kagrabe yung dinudulut ng disasters,
kasi yung worst lang naman is bagyo, na kung saan
sanay na sanay na ang mga tao tulad ditto sa
Tumauini. So yun lang yung mga preparedness ng tao
mismo, kase pag LGU naman is always ready naman.
Pero kapag di gumagalaw ang mga officials sa
barangay o DRRM but sa tingin ko very cooperative
naman sila, every may kalamidad is always ready ang
LGU.”
 160

With readiness and cooperation of the Local

government Unit and as long as the community,
challenges in Tumauini, Isabela are now easy to solve.
Preventing some losses and damages are the positive
outcome of the cooperation of the LGU and the
people.
 161

“In four years of my service, kulang sa

medicines, mga health workers na expected sa area,
medyo hindi sa masyadong lagging nandun, saka
pag-gather ng data after. Mga worst scenarios wala
pa naman.”
Participating in rescue activities during
occurrence of floods and don’t know how to swim.
Assist in the operation center concerns instead of
going to search and rescue operations. Road blockage
and zero visibility due to heavy rainfall. These are the
worst esperiences encountered by the focal persons
of DRRMO.
 162

ACTION TO BE TAKEN FOR BETTER IMPROMENT

 163

Improving the knowledge and training of the

Municipal DRRM focal persons are varied in their own
ways. Like active participation to training or seminars
for updating of knowledge and skills. One suggeston
is also the increase of capacity building and attend
more training regarding Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management.
 164

“Although train lang ng train at hanggang doon

lang, ang suggestion ko is regular conduct or
simulation of naipapatrain sa kanila para maging
way of life na nila.”
 165

Alike for G. Tyler Miller, Jr. (1990), formal risk

assessment is difficult, imprecise and controversial. It
involves determining the types of hazards involved,
estimating the number of people likely to be exposed
to the hazard and the number likely to suffer serious
consequences, and estimating the probability of each
hazard occurring. He explained that one way to
improve system reliability is to move more of the
potentially fallible elements from the human side to
the technical side, making the system more foolproof
or “fail-safe.”
 166

But chance events such as a lightning bolt can

knock out automatic control systems. And no
machine or computer program can replace all the
skillful human actions and decisions involved in
seeing that a complex system operates properly and
safely.
Training becomes a pratice, and practice
becomes a way of life. That is what trainings of
Municipal DRRM focal person wants to achieve and
could influence the community.
 167

“Yung kailangan strengthen yung mga nasa

grassroot areas Barangays lalo na yung mga
barangays na affected na every areas magkaroon
talaga ng marurunong, hindi lang yung mag aassign
ka lang diyan ng Barangay tanod na hindi naman niya
alam yung trabaho niya. So more on strengthen,
magkaroon ng rescue team ang mga affected na
barangays na kung saan para anytime na may
dumating is ready tayo kasi mahirap yung aasa lang
sa manpower ng LGU kaya kailangan natin na
magkaroon ng nandun na mismo yung
magrerespond.”
 168

Absence in attending the monthly DRRM

trainings and seminars leads to insufficiency. So
grabbing and being present for those opportunities
are imperative for the Municipal DRRM focal person
and the community as well. By that, it improves the
services of the of Municipal DRRM focal persons in
Tumauini, Isabela.
 169

ACTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT

 170
The municipal government would take actions
in giving full support t the participation to
enhancement trainings on Disaster Risk Reduction.
The government shoul adequate manpower and
facalities. Additional funds in Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Office from the government and
they must provide more trainings and increase
mitigation measures.
Rules and regulations must be implemented.
Quarterly drills should strictly implemented not only
for public agencies but also private agencies, so the
whole community could attain disaster awareness
and preparedness.
 “Kailangan every now and then mag invite ng 171
NDRRMC natin na kung saan, tawagin niya yung mga
in charge sa school na magkaroon din ng kaalaman,
ano yung mga updates galling national and then yung
proper reechoing or IEC information Education
campaign, yun lang naman e. Tapos after ng
reechoing ng training kailangan ng implementation,
kailangan may galaw, hindi lang puro salita , kailanga
talagang iimplement, yung talagang iestablish mo
talaga yung grupo, anytime na dumating ang
calamity, maactivate mo sila and then magkaroon ng
drill at least every after six months, like ginagawa ng
BFP kahit walang sunog.
 172

Nagkakaroon dapat yan ng drill para pag

nagakaroon e, para parang normal nalang, hindi ka
na mangangapa pa. Kung ginawa mo yung propesyon
mo kailangan marunong ka, yung hindi ka mabibigla.
Kailangan maestablish yung grupo per barangay and
additional manpower, mga well trained na tao. Kapag
meron na tayo nun wala ng problema.”
 173

The Municipal DRRM focal person and the

community together with the help of the government
is a way to easily achieve the sufficiency of training
and knowledge in terms of Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management. If querries and suggestions are
properly address to the government, then the whole
nation and every community could cooperate in
achieving a sufficient training and knowledge in
disaster risk reduction.
 174

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
 175

SUMMARY
 Every second counts during disasters, this 176

means that being prepared and ready are essential

elements for us to lessen casualties in times of these
happenings such as typhoon, earthquake, flashflood,
landslide and etc. Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management is a perfect defense for possible harms
along our way. The study sought to determine the
challenges encounteredand training and knowledge
sufficiency of School Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Coordinators and Municipal DRRM
focal persons among Secondary Schools in Tumauini,
Isabela and the Local Government.
 177

Actual and semi-structured interviews were

conducted through the use of guide questions to
gather necessary information. A total of 5 Secondary
School DRRM Coordinators and a Municipal DRRM
Focal Person respondents were the main participants
of the study.
 178

SUMMARY IN
SCHOOL DISATER RISK REDUCTION
AND MANAGEMENT COORDINATORS
○ School DRRM Coorodinators lack trainings in 179

DRRM.
○ Only three coordinators have their seminar and
training, the one who have one training while the
remaining have attended two trainings. For those
who haven’t attended training yet is due to being
appointed only earlier this academic school year
and not well-informed regarding DRRM. The two
participants who attended training only once,
even though they have attended, they were not
able to fully meet objectives of the said training.
But the respondent who already attended DRRM
training for the third time strongly insists that he
met all the objectives and acquired more
knowledge from the trainings he have attended.
○ Most common problem encountered by the 180

participants in acquiring DRRM Training is conflict of

schedule and the lack of allowance for trainings.
○ Study found out that three of the five respondents is
not ready and not completely aware of their
responsibilities as Coordinators.
○ Student behavior, discipline and attitudes are
contributing to the difficulties encountered by the
DRRM Coordinators in performing their
responsibility.
○ The lack of equipments needed in disaster
preparedness, response and recovery negatively
affects the coordinators on their responsibility.
 181
○ None of the DRRM Coordinators can handle the
equipments needed for DRRM.
○ School DRRM Coordinators are well aware of the
vulnerable areas in their respective institution.
Theses areas vulnerable to disaster are mainly the
flood prone area and tall buildings.
○ In preventing the disasters, coordinators check the
vulnerable areas quarterly and provide, raise
awareness and disseminate information about
hazards and disasters to the students to ensure
and manage safety and avoid the avoidable
disasters
○ .
 182
○ In preparation to disaters, School DRRM
Coordinators stimulate and lead the earthquake
and fire drills quarterly. Also, they ensure the
integration of D
○ In responding to disasters, DRRM Coordinators
coordinate to the Barangay and Municipal
Officials, since most of them know the hotlines to
be called.
○ After the disasters, School DRRM Coordinators
monitor the damaged facilities and helps in
cleaning the school due to debris. They are also
tasked to accomplish a report regarding the
damages.
○ Most of them are aware of their insufficiency in 183

trainings and knowledge. In response, most of

them want to improve it through attending more
trainings and seminars to improve their skills and
in reading in the internet and books
○ As a part of disaster risk reduction and
management of country, they have common
suggestions for the government improve their
knowledge and skills. It is the conduct of more
trainings and seminars that involve the DRRM
Coordinators and allocation of fund for DRRM.
○ Also, the government should provide adequate
equipments in schools.
 184

SUMMARY IN
MUNICIPAL DISATER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT FOCAL PERSON
 185

○ The MDRRM focal person is always attending the

monthly DRRM training and seminars conducted
by different government agencies, she was able to
meet the objectives of the given training. For that,
she have acquired more knowledge after
attending DRRM training.
○ As a focal person and vice chair persons, they are
completely aware of their responsibilities and task
to the community.
 186

○ In times of disaster, they know who to save first or

the priorities to respond for. They know the
hotlines to be called and the worst possible risks
that could happen.
○ In terms of equipment needed in order to recover
and face quicker in experiencing disaster, they are
not fully prepared and well-experienced to handle
those equipments.
 187

○ Nearly every month there is given opportunities

that DRRM focal persons can attend to different
DRRM training and seminars provided by the
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council
○ In acquiring training and knowledge, the common
problems encountered by focal persons are the
schedule of their trainings which don’t match on
their own schedule, financial matters, and
unavailability of trainings.
 188

○ Before of any disaster the MDRMMC are always

on their responsibilities in their task areas. The
different departments inspect the possible
destroyable areas and they try to solve it.
○ In preparedness to disaster, the municipality of
Tumauini is good at it, they are making plans and
practices to decrease casualties and damages and
disseminate information. This municipality is also
ready with equipment and tools to respond.
 189

○ In response, the DRRMO is not yet fully ready.

There are still some polishing needed in
coordination of different agencies when in time of
disasters in order to response well.
○ After of any disasters, they provide relief goods to
affected areas and allocate funds in order to
achieve faster recovery and bring back the town
to normal.
 190

○ There are vulnerable areas with different kinds of

disaster such as flood prone areas and landslide
prone areas. In response to that of government,
they are checking these areas quarterly to ensure
safety of people
○ The MDRRMC officials train the community in
order to make them to be well prepared to any
form of disaster, they conduct fire and earthquake
drill and share their knowledge from the their
attended trainings
 191

○ In responding of community to disaster, the

challenges are: the inadequate resources to
reconstruct the houses, preparedness of people,
blockage of roads, some persons with disability
and senior citizens, and the rescue equipment.
○ In response to the problem above, the LGU made
a survey to find out the most affected area, so in
case of disaster they will know what place and
who to be prioritized first.
 192

○ As a part of the department which prepare the

community to disaster, the focal persons suggest
that there must be regular conduct or simulation
of their trainings, which means is the enactment
of their trainings in order to improvement their
own knowledge and training.
○ The MDRRMC focal persons think government
should allocate more funds to DRRMC and the
government must provide more trainings and its
proper implementation.
 193

SCHOOL DISATER RISK REDUCTION AND

CONCLUSION MANAGEMENT COORDINATORS
 194

○ Only one coordinator has an almost good training

out of five coordinators. And not all of them is
aware of their responsibility and not full-pledge
yet.
○ School DRRM Coordinators lack training.
○ School lack DRRM equipments for the students,
teachers and staffs. Equipments that will help
their service to school, in response and
preparedness. Even though they have these, they
are not well-experienced in handling the said
equipments.
 195

○ Choosing a coordinator in school is just pin

pointing, it doesn’t have any requirements. It
became a factor of insufficiency of their
knowledge in disasters.
○ School buildings are not well-pllaned and disaster-
resilient.
○ They conduct quarterly the fire and earthquake
drills to be prepared.
 196

○ The training and knowledge of coordinators are

not enough to face disasters.
○ Coordination of students and Staffs in preparation
to disaster is hugely needed.
○ They are aware of insufficiency of their knowledge
and training, so they are suggesting to
government to have more trainings and seminars
for them to improve themselves. Additional to
that is the allocation of funds for the needed
equipments in response and preparedness.
 197

CONCLUSION MUNICIPAL DISATER RISK REDUCTION AND

MANAGEMENT FOCAL PERSON
 198

○ Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management (MDRRM) focal persons are willing
to acquire adequate knowledge and training but
there are hindrances that hold them back.
○ In every training and seminar they attended, they
were able to gain more knowledge that helps
them to improve their ability to response in
disasters. But not all available trainings were not
able to be attended by them, because of personal
and department problems.
 199

○ The MDRRM is well prepared in responding to

disasters because of their sufficient equipment.
○ Before and after the disasters the MDRRM is
always observing and safeguarding the community
under them. They disseminate informations and
provide basic needs. They take their responsibility
well.
 200

○ Although the MDRRM is well equipped, it is not

fully refined. The coordination between
stakeholders or related agencies is not yet
completely interconnected.
○ The skill of response team to disaster is not yet
good, it needs improvement.
○ Some DRRM hotlines were revealed to be
malfunctioned
○ They would always prioritize the most affected
areas, they respond there first, but the blockage
of road slows them down.
 201

○ As a focal persons, they are still lacking so they

still need more trainings and simulation of what
they learn in trainings and seminars
○ MDRRM funds is insufficient and the trainings as
well.
○ As a four thematized department, it is well
performing agency of local government unit.
 202

RECOMMENDATION SCHOOL DISATER RISK REDUCTION AND

MANAGEMENT COORDINATORS
 203

○ The national government must allocate more

funds to disaster risk reduction and management
of schools.
○ More trainings and seminars must be conducted,
simulated and properly implemented in different
levels involving all stakeholders in a community
such as DRRM focal persons, School DRRM
Coordinators and the community as well.
○ Adequate equipments for DRRM should be
provided by the government in every school. This
if for prevention, prepearedness, quick response
and recovery in times of emergency.
 204

○ Government should integrate criterias and

guidelines in selecting School DRRM Coordinators
choose the coordinators righteously.
○ Government should give funds to School DRRM,
so that schools will have equipements.
 205

MUNICIPAL DISATER RISK REDUCTION AND

RECOMMENDATION MANAGEMENT FOCAL PERSON
 206

○ The national government must allocate more

funds to disaster risk reduction and management
○ All hotlines of MDRRM must be updated and
working. The communication must be established
and is functioning well.
○ Trainings and seminars must be simulated and
properly implemented
○ More equipments the MDRRM ought to have in
order response quicker to disaster
○ There must be new survey conducted to update
the former data
 207

○ The barangay officials must be more active.

○ More trainings and seminars for focal persons and
DRRM persons
○ Government should produce well-trained persons
○ In barangay, there must be manpower.
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
 215

○ However, all the School DRRM Coordinators

PREPAREDN conduct Fire and Earthquake Quarterly in their
respective institution as per Memorandum No. 31,
ESS to instill to students and school as well as school
personnels the protective measures in times of
disasters to lessen the expected casualties.
○ ”We quarterly conduct fire and earthquake drill
para naman ma-instill sa mga estudyante yung
mga kailangan nilang malaman. Kasi… mahirap na
pag time nan g disaster at kung walang alam…
expected nan a mas maraming casualties if ever.”
 ○ Also, Respondent no. 2 mentioned that it is their
PRESENTATI responsibility to be the first person to be informed about
216

ON, disaster informations such as if classes are suspended in

times of typhoon. This is because they will be the one to
ANALYSIS, disseminate this informations to students.
○ “Preparedness-Una, dapat malaman mo agad ‘yung
AND DATA mangyayari sa susunod na araw. At yung preparedness
nila. If ever na magkakaroon sila ng drill, dapat informed
INTERPRETA sila.
ION ○ In addition, according to Respondent no. 3, it is also a
part of her responsibility to prepapre DRRM mapping that
will direct students to safe or evacuation area of their
school in times of disaster.
PRESENTATI ○ “As a DRRM coordinator, trabaho ko na magprepare DRRM 217

mapping na magdidirect sa mga estudyante in times of

ON, disaster.”
○ “The drills, teach the children to be active sa mga ganyang
ANALYSIS, bagay. Kasi drill palang naguguluhan na yung mga bata sa
pag execute ng mga dapat gagawin, even yung lugar nga
AND DATA hindi nila alam yung pupuntahan.”
INTERPRETA ○ Aside from conducting Earthquake Drills, their school
also integrates DRRM in selected subjects to further
ION inform students regarding DRRM (Respondent no. 4 &
Respondent no. 5).
○ “In terms of Preparedness- Nagkakaroon ng quarterly
earthquake drill, naiintegrate yung DRRM sa selected
subjects, para makapagbigay ng knowledge.”
PRESENTATI 218

ON, ○ Moreover, being an active DRRM Coordinator, all

ANALYSIS, of the respondents make sure that during Fire and
earthquake Drills (NSED), they did not forget to
AND DATA train and share their knowledge to stidents of
INTERPRETA their responsibility.
○ “Oo nagttrain din ako ng mga under me, kasi
ION nung NSED namin, nagshare din ako.”
○
“In response and recovery, like what i said we
frequently performed fire drill”
○
PRESENTATI 219

ON, ○ Respondent No. 5 and No.3 also shared that they

ANALYSIS, try to see preventive measures to vulnerable
areas such as canals and masusukal na lugar that
AND DATA may cause Dengue.
INTERPRETA ○ “In terms of dissaster preparedness, we frequently
performed earthquake and fire drill and try to see
ION preventive measures like the canals that may
cause dengue”
○
○
 220

○ Mentioned by the respondents, disaster response

is the weakest of the four thematic areas of
RESPONSE DRRM.
○ 3 out of the 5 participant School DRRM
Coordinators know the different hotlines that can
be contacted in times of emergencies. This
hotlines are the BFP, PNP, RHU… They are all
aware on who to save first in times of
emergencies.
○ “Alam ko, yung mga BFP at PNP hotlines.”
○ “Yes pnp hotlines.”
 221

○ “Yung mga hotines… hindi ko alam yang mga

yan.”
RESPONSE ○ “I don’t know the hotlines to be called during
emergencies pero nasa file ko lang din naman
lahat yun. Para kapag kailangan buklat-buklat
lang.”
○ “Aware naman ako kung sino dapat…I know who
to save first or the priorities during onset of
disaster.
 222

○ In disaster response, Respondent no. 3 revealed

that it is their task to warn people about incoming
RESPONSE disasters and gather information from the above
authority that will be later on disseminated to the
people.
○ “response- warn the people about the possible
disaster, like the approaching typhoon, gather
information from the above authority”
○
 223

○ Moreover, it is their job to seek help to Barangay

officials and to coordinate all the sectors of the
Recovery school institution to guaranty a quick response in
times of emergencies. The School Watching Team
integrated by Respondent 5 and 1 in their schools
plays a role in these area as they are one of the
responsible person to quickly respond during
emergencies.
○ One of the respondent declared that their
institution is a hundred percent ready in terms of
disaster response.
 224

○ “Sa response naman, siyempre hihingi agad ng

help from brgy. Official’s para mas mabilis iyong
RESPONSE tugon. Nakikicoordinate din sa lahat ng sectors ng
school para mas masiguro na mabilis yung
response.”
○ “In Response- Meron tayong school watching
team, ako yung moderator, compose of 10
members, sila yung tinitrain ko din, nagbabahagi
din ako ng knowledge ko, para in times of
emergency, makapagrespond rin.”
○ “IN TERMS OF RESPONSE- 100% reponse.”
 225

○ To monitor damages and the aftermath after the

disaster is the responsibility of a School DRRM
Recovery Coordinator and as well as to accomplish a report
regarding the concerns as mentioned by all the
respondents.
○ “IN TERMS OF RECOVERY-After the disaster we
have to come to school, yung mga sira irereport.”
○ “Halimbawa, after ng bagyo, pumapasok na kami
niyan agad para imonitor yung mga damages na
epekto nung bagyo ganun. Tas syempre gagawa
ng report.”
 226
○ In addition, it was also a part of their
responsibility to clean the campus, dispose wastes
as a consequence of the disaster and fix damages
as a preventive measure as these damaged areas
Recovery can be be the haven of unwanted creatures such
as mosquitoes and snakes.
○ “In recovery- we need to clean the campus, if not
the area will cause disease to people which is
responsible ang coordinator. Lalo na yung mga
facilities na may sira. Also, mga facilities rin dapat
monitor at ayusin.”
○ It is also imperative for the respondents to restore
affected facilities around the campus.
PRESENTATI 227

ON, ○ What are the problems encountered by the

ANALYSIS, respondents in Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management?
AND DATA -The availability of the people during period due to
INTERPRETA their work place schedule is a hindrance (even
training on weekends). Inadequate knowledge or
ION skills on disaster preparedness. Lack of funds is a
problem too that encountered by the people.
PRESENTATI ○ “Yung immediate na pangangailangan like pag
228

brownout, like flashlight ganon. Although ready

ON, naman tayo always sa pagbibigay ng relief goods,
ANALYSIS, sirempre may kunting delay kasi 46 brgy, we
prioritize yung mga affected brgy muna. Hindi kasi
AND DATA agasd agad na naibibiagy pero dumadating
INTERPRETA naming. Lalo na yung kapag may obstructions sa
daan, hindi ka makaaccess sa daanan. Yung lang
ION namn kasi yung kailangan ng tao e, kapag may
kalamidad na gayan ang problema nila is the
access to go sentro. Kailangan immediate kaso
lang may mga obstructions sa daan and then
supply kapag delay talagang maghihintay yung
mga tao.”
PRESENTATI ○ “Sa amin sa health is the time of disaster we
229

allocate beds pero pag time may na yun hindi

ON, enough for evacuees lalo sa malalayo, hindi
ANALYSIS, naming agad na napupuntahan.”
○
AND DATA
○ One reason why people encountered problems
INTERPRETA is the communication gap or issue. Far places is
ION hard to provide an information or health services.
During the occurrence of typhoon or flood, people
are very hard headed, they can not convince them
to evacuate in a safe area.
PRESENTATI ○ “During disaster we distribute medicines through
230

manpower sa evacuation centre. Pag matapos na,

ON, yun yung pahirapan, lalo na yung mga liblib na
ANALYSIS, lugar. Siguro Kapag sa mga maliblib na lugar
tapos may blockage sa daan, dapat before the
AND DATA disaster we must provide na agad sa evacuation
INTERPRETA centres. Dapat may plan na agad. Yung mga
barangay health workers.”
ION ○ “Lack of manpower or rescue worker and
stubbornness of individuals.”
Challenges ○ There are always challenges in the community.
231

Good or bad, we learned from it. The DRRMO

of the focal persons are finding ways to solve problems
Community that communities experienced. First, is the
inadequate resources to rebuild destroyed houses
in and livelihoods. Second is the lack of new rescue
Responding equipments.
○ How farmers will revover their losses. How
Disasters diseases or illness caused by disasters affect the
lives of citizens. The MDRRMO are doing their
obligations to solve those problems and
challenges for sure.
Challenges ○ “Since 2015, well dito kasi sa Tumauini hindi
232

naman ganun kagrabe yung dinudulut ng

of the disasters, kasi yung worst lang naman is bagyo, na
Community kung saan sanay na sanay na ang mga tao tulad
ditto sa Tumauini. So yun lang yung mga
in preparedness ng tao mismo, kase pag LGU naman
Responding is always ready naman. Pero kapag di gumagalaw
ang mga officials sa barangay o DRRM but sa
Disasters tingin ko very cooperative naman sila, every may
kalamidad is always ready ang LGU.”
Challenges ○ With readiness and cooperation of the Local
233

government Unit and as long as the community,

of the challenges in Tumauini, Isabela are now easy to
Community solve. Preventing some losses and damages are
the positive outcome of the cooperation of the
in LGU and the people.
Responding ○ “In four years of my service, kulang sa medicines,
mga health workers na expected sa area, medyo
Disasters hindi sa masyadong lagging nandun, saka pag-
gather ng data after. Mga worst scenarios wala pa
naman.”
Challenges ○ Participating in rescue activities during occurrence
234

of floods and don’t know how to swim. Assist in

of the the operation center concerns instead of going to
Community search and rescue operations. Road blockage and
zero visibility due to heavy rainfall. These are the
in worst esperiences encountered by the focal
Responding persons of DRRMO.

Disasters
BETTER
IMPROVE 235

THE
TRAINING ○ What are the needed actions to better improve
AND the training and knowledge sufficiency of School
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
KNOWLEDG Coordinators and Municipal Disaster Risk
E Reduction and Management Focal Persons?

SUFFICIENC
Y
BETTER
IMPROVE ○ As stated by all the respondents, there is a need for
236

them to attend more trainings in order to acquire

THE more knowledge, skills and be more effective School
TRAINING DRRM Coordinator of their institution. This can also
boost the confidence of School DRRM Coordinators
AND which can lead to better handling of students.
KNOWLEDG ○ “I can suggest to myself to improve that I need to
attend more trainings and seminars that will improve
E my skills. It can be learnt rin naman with internet or
SUFFICIENC book. Training talaga. Para na rin mas confident na
mag-command kasi alam mo na, maalam ka”
Y
BETTER
IMPROVE ○ “More trainings, of course.”
237

THE ○ “Attend DRRM Training”

○ “Siguro dagdag trainings pa,”
TRAINING
○ “Trainings, kasi minsan pa lang, kailangan ng
AND follow up trainings para madagdagan ang
KNOWLEDG kaalaman.”
○ Also, to better improve the implementation of
E DRRM activities, it is imperative to stimulate
SUFFICIENC disciplinary actions to students. This is for the
betterment of student’s discipline towards the
Y activities of DRRM.
BETTER
IMPROVE ○ “Disciplinary actions, nasa pag uusap between the 238

teachers and respondents, yun yung mahirap

THE ngayon , mahirap disiplinahin ang mag bata
hangga’t di sila nakakatikim – Remedy.”
TRAINING ○ It is also necessary for the government to
AND address the issue of funds allocation and
KNOWLEDG equipments in DRRM. As mentioned in the
discussions, it is really one of the main problem of
E DRRM. With the lack of funds, School DRRM
Coordinators are at put in a difficult position as
SUFFICIENC they are the one that will adjust to that as well as
Y the students.
○ “Provide funds and also the equipment.”
BETTER
IMPROVE ○ “One,that is that? government allocate funds for
239

DRRM.”
THE ○ Equipments and tools necessary to DRRM should also
TRAINING be provided by the government adequately as this
concern greatly contribute to the inefficiency of DRRM
AND training and seminars. With the available equipments
KNOWLEDG in schools, School DRRM can not only train and
familiarize themselves but it can also be shown to
E students for them to be knowledgeable in terms of
SUFFICIENC handling equipments related to DRRM. Also, the
handling and operation procedure of equipment
Y handling can now be presented to students actually
and not just through visuals.
BETTER
IMPROVE ○ Equipments and tools necessary to DRRM 240

should also be provided by the government

THE adequately as this concern greatly contribute to
the inefficiency of DRRM training and seminars.
TRAINING With the available equipments in schools, School
AND DRRM can not only train and familiarize
themselves but it can also be shown to students
KNOWLEDG for them to be knowledgeable in terms of
E handling equipments related to DRRM. Also, the
handling and operation procedure of equipment
SUFFICIENC handling can now be presented to students
Y actually and not just through visuals.
BETTER
IMPROVE 241

THE ○ “I suggest to government that it must provide equipment

TRAINING and conduct more trainings, for every school and
coordinators”.
AND ○
KNOWLEDG ○ In addition to that, facilities addressing problems in DRRM
should also be established in schools so that a preventive,
E prepared, responsive and resilient school environment
would be attained.
SUFFICIENC ○ “Saka I add yung mga facilities in schools- Suggestion to
government.”
Y
BETTER
IMPROVE 242

THE
TRAINING ○ There must also be seminars and symposiums conducted
quarterly, if not monthly to teach and train School DRRM
AND Coordinators together with the students. Given that not
KNOWLEDG everything about DRRM is known by the School DRRM
Coordinators, it is strongly suggested that knowledgeable
E and well-trained persons in authority should visit and train
the respondents.
SUFFICIENC
Y
BETTER
IMPROVE 243

THE ○ “There must be a certain day or month they will go to

teach the students and coordinator. It can be a seminar or
TRAINING training or symposium kasi they have knowledge na wala
sa akin that they can share. The professionals or the well-
AND knowledge and well-trained about disasters.”

KNOWLEDG ○ It was also strongly suggested that seminars, trainings

and disaster drills would also be incorporated to the whole
E community and other stakeholders. This is to ensure and
to instill the knowledge and skills to students, teachers and
SUFFICIENC DRRM coordinators not only in schools but also at home.

Y
BETTER
IMPROVE 244

THE
TRAINING ○ “conduct trainings and seminarsf or drrm that involves the
community school and other stake holders.”
AND ○ “Siguro iinvlove yung community in conducting
KNOWLEDG eqarthquake and fire drill, para maging handa kahit sa
bahay nila.”
E
SUFFICIENC
Y
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY,
CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
SCHOOL DISATER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT COORDINATORS 246

Only one coordinator has an almost good training out of five

coordinators. And not all of them is aware of their responsibility and not full-

pledge yet. School DRRM Coordinators lack training. School lack DRRM

equipments for the students, teachers and staffs. Equipments that will help their

service to school, in response and preparedness. Even though they have these, they
😉
are not well-experienced in handling the said equipments. Choosing a coordinator

in school is just pin pointing, it doesn’t have any requirements. It became a factor
 They conduct quarterly the fire and earthquake drills to

be prepared. The training and knowledge of coordinators are not

enough to face disasters. Coordination of students and Staffs in

preparation to disaster is hugely needed. They are aware of

insufficiency of their knowledge and training, so they are

suggesting to government to have more trainings and seminars for

them to improve themselves. Additional to that is the allocation of

funds for the needed equipments in response and preparedness.

MUNICIPAL DISATER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT FOCAL PERSON 248

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (MDRRM) focal persons are willing to

acquire adequate knowledge and training but there are hindrances that hold them back. In every training

and seminar they attended, they were able to gain more knowledge that helps them to improve their ability

to response in disasters. But not all available trainings were not able to be attended by them, because of

personal and department problems. The MDRRM is well prepared in responding to disasters because of

their sufficient equipment. Before and after the disasters the MDRRM is always observing and safeguarding

😉
the community under them. They disseminate informations and provide basic needs. They take their

responsibility well.
Although the MDRRM is well equipped, it is not fully refined. The coordination

between stakeholders or related agencies is not yet completely interconnected. The

skill of response team to disaster is not yet good, it needs improvement. Some

DRRM hotlines were revealed to be malfunctioned. They would always prioritize

the most affected areas, they respond there first, but the blockage of road slows

them down. As a focal persons, they are still lacking so they still need more

trainings and simulation of what they learn in trainings and seminars. MDRRM
SCHOOL
DISATER 250

RISK ○ The national government must allocate more funds to disaster risk
REDUCTION ○
reduction and management of schools.
More trainings and seminars must be conducted, simulated and
AND properly implemented in different levels involving all stakeholders
in a community such as DRRM focal persons, School DRRM
MANAGEME Coordinators and the community as well.
○ Adequate equipments for DRRM should be provided by the
NT government in every school. This if for prevention, prepearedness,
quick response and recovery in times of emergency.
COORDINAT ○ Government should integrate criterias and guidelines in selecting
School DRRM Coordinators choose the coordinators righteously.
ORS ○ Government should give funds to School DRRM, so that schools
will have equipements.
MUNICIPAL
DISATER 251

RISK ○ The national government must allocate more funds to disaster risk
reduction and management
REDUCTION ○ All hotlines of MDRRM must be updated and working. The
communication must be established and is functioning well.
AND ○ Trainings and seminars must be simulated and properly implemented
○
MANAGEME More equipments the MDRRM ought to have in order response
quicker to disaster
NT FOCAL ○ There must be new survey conducted to update the former data
○ The barangay officials must be more active.
PERSON ○ More trainings and seminars for focal persons and DRRM persons
○ Government should produce well-trained persons
○ In barangay, there must be manpower.
 253

Big concept
Bring the attention of your audience over
a key concept using icons or illustrations
 254

You can
White Black
also split Is the color of milk and Is the color of coal, ebony,
your fresh snow, the color
produced by the
and of outer space. It is
the darkest color, the
content combination of all the result of the absence of or
colors of the visible complete absorption of
spectrum. light.
 255

In two or Yellow Blue Red

three Is the color of gold, Is the colour of the clear Is the color of blood,
butter and ripe lemons. sky and the deep sea. It and because of this it
columns In the spectrum of
visible light, yellow is
is located between
violet and green on the
has historically been
associated with sacrifice,
found between green optical spectrum. danger and courage.
and orange.
 256

Want big impact?

Use big image.
Use charts to explain your ideas

Yellow Blue

Red

257
And tables to compare data

A B C

Yellow 10 20 7

Blue 30 15 10

Orange 5 24 16

258
 259

Maps

our office
 260

89,526,124
Whoa! That’s a big number, aren’t you proud?
 261

89,526,124$
That’s a lot of money

185,244 users
And a lot of users

100%
Total success!
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first

seco
nd

last

262
 263

Let’s Yellow Blue

Red
review Is the color of gold, butter
and ripe lemons. In the
Is the colour of the clear
sky and the deep sea. It is Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
some spectrum of visible light,
yellow is found between
green and orange.
located between violet
and green on the optical
spectrum.
historically been
associated with sacrifice,

concepts danger and courage.

Yellow
Blue
Red
Is the color of gold, butter
and ripe lemons. In the Is the color
colourofofblood,
the clear
and
spectrum of visible light, sky and the
because of this
deepit has
sea. It is
yellow is found between located between
historically been violet
green and orange. and green on
associated with
thesacrifice,
optical
spectrum.
danger and courage.
You can insert graphs from Google Sheets 264
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